From the complexity of brain organization to challenges in brain-behaviour mapping

Understanding brain-behaviour relationships in humans remains as one of the most complex scientific question. For a few decades, data offered by neuroimaging approaches, in particular MRI, have been under intense scientific investigations and methodological questioning. These have highlighted continuous challenges and open questions. Several principles and challenges in studying brain organization and brain-behaviour relationships will be illustrated here by one of the most studied brain region, the hippocampus. Beyond regional mapping, multivariate brain mapping to behaviour has more recently opened new perspectives by revealing complex patterns of brain-behaviour relationships. These approaches foster new insights, but they also come with their own challenges.