Keynote Lecture: Energy sufficiency - the missing lever to tackle the energy transition

According to the last IPCC WG3 AR6 report, the world is currently not on track to meet neither the 1.5°C nor the 2°C climate targets. Decarbonization of our energy systems must happen at a faster pace and all levers are important to achieve this. Possible levers include (1) the transition to clean energy sources to reduce the carbon intensity, (2) energy efficiency measures to reduce the energy intensity, and (3) the increase in energy sufficiency to reduce the overall consumption per capita. While the two first aspects are the object of an abundant literature, much work remains to be done on the definition of credible scenarios considering energy sufficiency. This mini-keynote presents an energy sufficient scenario for Europe, allowing to reach net zero emissions by 2050 without the recourse to uncertain technologies such as CCS or non-sustainable technologies such as nuclear.