Drift tube; Multiplexing; Oligonucleotides; Mass Spectrometry; Ion Mobility Spectrometry; Collision cross sections; Diastereomers
Abstract :
[en] Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled to drift tube ion mobility spectrometry (DTIMS) was used to separate diastereomers of five-unit oligonucleotides containing 0, 1, 2 or 3 phosphorothioate (PS) linkages. Multiplexed DTIMS (where ions are pulsed into the drift tube according to a pre-encoded sequence) and post-acquisition processing using an innovative demultiplexing tool were investigated. The electric field inside the drift tube was optimized to achieve the highest resolving power. The entrance voltage providing the best two-peak resolution was -1000V with 3-bit multiplexing. Under optimized conditions, the eight diastereomers of an oligonucleotide with three PS linkages (5'-TC∗G∗T∗G-3') could be separated unambiguously. Indeed, those diastereomers differed in their collision cross section (CCS) values. The minimal CCS values difference between two adjacent diastereomers was 0.9% with maximal RSD on CCS values of 0.3%. The use of multiplexed ion mobility and the novel high-resolution demultiplexing tool represents a real breakthrough for resolution enhancement of diastereomers in linear DTIMS.
Disciplines :
Pharmacy, pharmacology & toxicology
Author, co-author :
Demelenne, Alice ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Université de Liège - ULiège
Nys, Gwenael ; Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000, Liege, Belgium
Nix, Cindy ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de pharmacie > Analyse des médicaments
Fjeldsted, John C; Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, 95051, United States
Crommen, Jacques ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de pharmacie
Fillet, Marianne ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de pharmacie > Analyse des médicaments
Language :
English
Title :
Separation of phosphorothioated oligonucleotide diastereomers using multiplexed drift tube ion mobility mass spectrometry.
Alice Demelenne: experiments, redaction. Gwenael Nys: support for the experiments relative to IMS and redaction reviewing. Cindy Nix: support for the experiments relative to IMS. John C. Fjeldsted: support for the experiments relative to IMS. Jacques Crommen: redaction reviewing. Marianne Fillet: study design, financial support, Supervision, redaction reviewing.
Matsukura, M., Shinozuka, K., Zon, G., Mitsuya, H., Reitz, M., Cohen, J.S., Broder, S., Phosphorothioate analogs of oligodeoxynucleotides: inhibitors of replication and cytopathic effects of human immunodeficiency virus. Med. Sci. 84 (1987), 7706–7710, 10.1073/pnas.84.21.7706.
Smith, C.I.E., Zain, R., Therapeutic oligonucleotides: state of the art. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 59 (2019), 605–630, 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021050.
Hu, B., Zhong, L., Weng, Y., Peng, L., Huang, Y., Zhao, Y., Liang, X.J., Therapeutic siRNA: state of the art. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther., 5, 2020, 10.1038/s41392-020-0207-x.
FDA. https://www.fda.gov/, 2021. (Accessed 22 April 2021)
European Medicines Agency (EMA). https://www.ema.europa.eu/en, 2021. (Accessed 23 January 2021)
Rüger, J., Ioannou, S., Castanotto, D., Stein, C.A., Oligonucleotides to the (gene) rescue: FDA approvals 2017–2019. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 41 (2020), 27–41, 10.1016/j.tips.2019.10.009.
Bennett, C.F., Swayze, E.E., RNA targeting therapeutics: molecular mechanisms of antisense oligonucleotides as a therapeutic platform. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 50 (2010), 259–293, 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.010909.105654.
Corradinil, R., Sforza, S., Tedeshi, T., Marchelli, R., Chirality as a tool in nucleic acid recognition: principles and relevance in biotechnology and in medicinal chemistry. Chirality 43 (2011), 34–43, 10.1002/chir.
Capaldi, D., Akhtar, N., Atherton, T., Benstead, D., Charaf, A., De Vijlder, T., Heatherington, C., Hoernschemeyer, J., Jiang, H., Rieder, U., Ring, F., Peter, R., Stolee, J.A., Wechselberger, R., Strategies for identity testing of therapeutic oligonucleotide drug substances and drug products. Nucleic Acid Therapeut., 2020, 10.1089/nat.2020.0878.
Meena, M.M. Lemaitre, Stereocontrolled oligonucleotides for nucleic acid therapeutics: a perspective. Nucleic Acid Therapeut., 2020, 1–6, 10.1089/nat.2020.0906.
Iwamoto, N., Butler, D.C.D., Svrzikapa, N., Mohapatra, S., Zlatev, I., Sah, D.W.Y., Standley, S.M., Lu, G., Apponi, L.H., Frank-kamenetsky, M., Zhang, J.J., Vargeese, C., Verdine, G.L., Control of phosphorothioate stereochemistry substantially increases the efficacy of antisense oligonucleotides. Nat. Biotechnol. 35 (2017), 845–851, 10.1038/nbt.3948.
Sakamuri, S., Eltepu, L., Liu, D., Lam, S., Meade, B.R., Liu, B., Dello Iacono, G., Kabakibi, A., Luukkonen, L., Leedom, T., Foster, M., Bradshaw, C.W., Impact of phosphorothioate chirality on double-stranded siRNAs: a systematic evaluation of stereopure siRNA designs. Chembiochem 21 (2020), 1304–1308, 10.1002/cbic.201900630.
Scientific, T., DNAPac Family of Columns. 2016 www.thermofisher.com/OligoAnalysisHPLC.
Thayer, J.R., Flook, K.J., Woodruff, A., Rao, S., Pohl, C.A., New monolith technology for automated anion-exchange purification of nucleic acids. J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 878 (2010), 933–941, 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.01.030.
Thayer, J.R., Wu, Y., Hansen, E., Angelino, M.D., Rao, S., Separation of oligonucleotide phosphorothioate diastereoisomers by pellicular anion-exchange chromatography. J. Chromatogr., A 1218 (2011), 802–808, 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.051.
Li, L., Leone, T., Foley, J.P., Welch, C.J., Separation of small interfering RNA stereoisomers using reversed-phase ion-pairing chromatography. J. Chromatogr., A 1500 (2017), 84–88, 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.04.008.
Dillen, L., Jacobs, P., Cuyckens, F., Van Mol, K., Op De Beeck, J., Evaluation of Micropillar Array Columns for Chromatographic Separation of Phosphorothioated Oligonucleotides and Their Diastereomers. 2021, 1–10, 10.1002/ansa.202000175.
Enmark, M., Rova, M., Samuelsson, J., Örnskov, E., Schweikart, F., Fornstedt, T., Investigation of factors influencing the separation of diastereomers of phosphorothioated oligonucleotides. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 411 (2019), 3383–3394, 10.1007/s00216-019-01813-2.
Enmark, M., Harun, S., Samuelsson, J., Örnskov, E., Thunberg, L., Dahlén, A., Fornstedt, T., Selectivity limits of and opportunities for ion pair chromatographic separation of oligonucleotides. J. Chromatogr., A, 1651, 2021, 462269, 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462269.
Gilar, M., Belenky, A., Cohen, A., Polymer solutions as a pseudostationary phase for capillary electrochromatographic separation of DNA diastereomers. Electrophoresis 21 (2000), 2999–3009.
El Zahar, N.M., Magdy, N., El-Kosasy, A.M., Bartlett, M.G., Chromatographic approaches for the characterization and quality control of therapeutic oligonucleotide impurities. Biomed. Chromatogr., 32, 2018, e4088, 10.1002/bmc.4088.
Dodds, J.N., May, J.C., McLean, J.A., Investigation of the complete suite of the leucine and isoleucine isomers: toward prediction of ion mobility separation capabilities. Anal. Chem. 89 (2017), 952–959, 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04171.
Troć, A., Zimnicka, M., Kolinski, M., Danikiewicz, W., Structural elucidation of β -lactam diastereoisomers through ion mobility mass spectrometry studies and theoretical calculations. J. Mass Spectrom. 51 (2016), 282–290, 10.1002/jms.3749.
Ruskic, D., Hopfgartner, G., Modifier selectivity effect on differential ion mobility resolution of isomeric drugs and multidimensional liquid chromatography ion mobility analysis. Anal. Chem. 91 (2019), 11670–11677, 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02212.
Kenderdine, T., Nemati, R., Baker, A., Palmer, M., Ujma, J., Fitzgibbon, M., Deng, L., Royzen, M., Langridge, J., Fabris, D., High-resolution ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry of isomeric/isobaric ribonucleotide variants. J. Mass Spectrom., 55, 2020, e4465, 10.1002/jms.4465.
Demelenne, A., Gou, M.J., Nys, G., Parulski, C., Crommen, J., Servais, A.C., Fillet, M., Evaluation of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, capillary zone electrophoresis and drift tube ion-mobility quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry for the characterization of phosphodiester and phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. J. Chromatogr., A, 1614, 2020, 460716, 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460716.
Belov, M.E., Clowers, B.H., Prior, D.C., Iii, W.F.D., V Liyu, A., Petritis, B.O., Smith, R.D., Dynamically multiplexed ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 80 (2008), 5873–5883, 10.1021/ac8003665.
Groessl, M., Graf, S., Knochenmuss, R., High resolution ion mobility-mass spectrometry for separation and identification of isomeric lipids. Analyst 140 (2015), 6904–6911, 10.1039/c5an00838g.
Hinnenkamp, V., Klein, J., Meckelmann, S.W., Balsaa, P., Schmidt, T.C., Schmitz, O.J., Comparison of CCS values determined by traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry and drift tube ion mobility mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 90 (2018), 12042–12050, 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02711.
A. Bilbao, A Preprocessing Tool for Generating Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Files in Instrument Format with Enhanced Data Quality and Enabling Efficient Computational Workflows, Submitted. (n.d.).
Prost, S.A., Crowell, K.L., Baker, E.S., Ibrahim, Y.M., Clowers, B.H., Monroe, M.E., Anderson, G.A., Smith, R.D., Payne, S.H., Detecting and removing data artifacts in Hadamard transform ion mobility-mass spectrometry measurements. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 25 (2014), 2020–2027, 10.1007/s13361-014-0895-y.
May, J.C., Knochenmuss, R., Fjeldsted, J.C., McLean, J.A., Resolution of isomeric mixtures in ion mobility using a combined demultiplexing and peak deconvolution technique. Anal. Chem. 92 (2020), 9482–9492, 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05718.
Clowers, B.H., Belov, M.E., Prior, D.C., Danielson, W.F., Ibrahim, Y., Smith, R.D., Pseudorandom sequence modifications for ion mobility orthogonal Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 80 (2008), 2464–2473, 10.1021/ac7022712.
Siems, W.F., Wu, C., Tarver, E.E., Hill, H.H., Larsen, P.R., McMinn, D.G., Measuring the resolving power of ion mobility spectrometers. Anal. Chem. 66 (1994), 4195–4201, 10.1021/ac00095a014.
Dodds, J.N., May, J.C., McLean, J.A., Correlating resolving power, resolution, and collision cross section: unifying cross-platform assessment of separation efficiency in ion mobility spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 89 (2017), 12176–12184, 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02827.