Sensitivity analysis and weather condition effects on hygrothermal performance of green roof models characterized by recycled and artificial materials’ properties
Kazemi, Mostafa; Rahif, Ramin; Courard, Lucet al.
2023 • In Building and Environment, 237, p. 110327
Building and Construction; Geography, Planning and Development; Civil and Structural Engineering; Environmental Engineering
Abstract :
[en] This study conducted a sensitivity analysis and assessed the effects of long-term weather conditions on green roof models, including recycled and artificial materials. Climate conditions can affect the hygrothermal performance of green roof materials, but this important issue has hardly been evaluated for drainage and substrate layers made of recycled and artificial materials. Climate change makes it unclear how well green roofs will perform hygrothermally. Moreover, the heat flux sensitivity to the thickness and physical characteristics of green roofs with artificial and recycled materials has received less attention. This study applied three weather scenarios on green roof models with artificial and recycled materials: the beginning, middle, and end of the 21st century. As per the results, at the beginning and middle of the 21st century, substrate layers’ water content was roughly nine times more than the drainage layers’. At the end of the 21st century, the comparable difference was 6.5 times larger. During the summer and the beginning of autumn, the green roofs’ thermal performance with recycled and artificial materials was improved until the end of the 21st century. The entire parameter change demonstrated the scatter of thermal conductivity, density, and thickness effectively influenced the dispersion of heat flux for the green roof layers. Also, the density scatter was more effective in heat flux dispersion for the substrate layer than the drainage layer.
Disciplines :
Civil engineering
Author, co-author :
Kazemi, Mostafa ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Urban and Environmental Engineering
Rahif, Ramin ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Urban and Environmental Engineering
Courard, Luc ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département ArGEnCo > Matériaux de construction non métalliques du génie civil
Attia, Shady ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département ArGEnCo > Techniques de construction des bâtiments
Language :
English
Title :
Sensitivity analysis and weather condition effects on hygrothermal performance of green roof models characterized by recycled and artificial materials’ properties
Zhao, M., Srebric, J., Assessment of green roof performance for sustainable buildings under winter weather conditions. J. Cent. South Univ. Technol. 19 (2012), 639–644, 10.1007/s11771-012-1050-1.
Tariku, F., Hagos, S., Performance of green roof installed on highly insulated roof deck and the plants' effect: an experimental study. Build. Environ., 221, 2022, 109337, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109337.
Peri, G., Licciardi, G.R., Matera, N., Mazzeo, D., Cirrincione, L., Scaccianoce, G., Disposal of green roofs: a contribution to identifying an “Allowed by legislation” end–of–life scenario and facilitating their environmental analysis. Build. Environ., 226, 2022, 109739, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109739.
Cirrincione, L., Marvuglia, A., Scaccianoce, G., Assessing the effectiveness of green roofs in enhancing the energy and indoor comfort resilience of urban buildings to climate change: Methodology proposal and application. Build. Environ., 205, 2021, 108198, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108198.
Kazemi, M., Courard, L., Attia, S., Water permeability, water retention capacity, and thermal resistance of green roof layers made with recycled and artificial aggregates. Build. Environ., 227, 2023, 109776, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109776.
Kazemi, M., Courard, L., Modelling hygrothermal conditions of unsaturated substrate and drainage layers for the thermal resistance assessment of green roof: effect of coarse recycled materials. Energy Build., 250, 2021, 111315, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111315.
Tams, L., Nehls, T., Calheiros, C.S.C., Rethinking green roofs- natural and recycled materials improve their carbon footprint. Build. Environ., 219, 2022, 109122, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109122.
Coma, J., Pérez, G., Solé, C., Castell, A., Cabeza, L.F., Thermal assessment of extensive green roofs as passive tool for energy savings in buildings. Renew. Energy 85 (2016), 1106–1115, 10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.074.
Kazemi, M., Courard, L., Simulation of humidity and temperature distribution in green roof with pozzolana as drainage layer: influence of outdoor seasonal weather conditions and internal ceiling temperature. Sci. Technol. Built. Environ.t 27 (2021), 509–523, 10.1080/23744731.2021.1873658.
Klein, P.M., Coffman, R., Establishment and performance of an experimental green roof under extreme climatic conditions. Sci. Total Environ., 2015, 82–93, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.020 512–513.
Pérez, G., Vila, A., Rincón, L., Solé, C., Cabeza, L.F., Use of rubber crumbs as drainage layer in green roofs as potential energy improvement material. Appl. Energy 97 (2012), 347–354, 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.11.051.
Zhang, K., Garg, A., Mei, G., Jiang, M., Wang, H., Huang, S., Gan, L., Thermal performance and energy consumption analysis of eight types of extensive green roofs in subtropical monsoon climate. Build. Environ., 216, 2022, 108982, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.108982.
Getter, K.L., Rowe, D.B., Andresen, J.A., Wichman, I.S., Seasonal heat flux properties of an extensive green roof in a Midwestern U.S. climate. Energy Build. 43 (2011), 3548–3557, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.09.018.
Stella, P., Personne, E., Effects of conventional, extensive and semi-intensive green roofs on building conductive heat fluxes and surface temperatures in winter in Paris. Build. Environ., 205, 2021, 108202, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108202.
Sandoval, V., Bonilla, C.A., Gironás, J., Vera, S., Victorero, F., Bustamante, W., Rojas, V., Leiva, E., Pastén, P., Suárez, F., Porous media characterization to simulate water and heat transport through green roof substrates. Vadose Zone J., 16, 2017, 10.2136/vzj2016.10.0101 vzj2016.10.0101.
Scharf, B., Zluwa, I., Case study investigation of the building physical properties of seven different green roof systems. Energy Build. 151 (2017), 564–573, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.06.050.
Zhang, Y., Zhang, L., Ma, L., Meng, Q., Ren, P., Cooling benefits of an extensive green roof and sensitivity analysis of its parameters in subtropical areas. Energies, 12, 2019, 4278, 10.3390/en12224278.
Van Mechelen, C., Dutoit, T., Hermy, M., Adapting green roof irrigation practices for a sustainable future: a review. Sustain. Cities Soc. 19 (2015), 74–90, 10.1016/j.scs.2015.07.007.
Chan, A.L.S., Chow, T.T., Energy and economic performance of green roof system under future climatic conditions in Hong Kong. Energy Build. 64 (2013), 182–198, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.05.015.
Nagase, A., Novel application and reused materials for extensive green roof substrates and drainage layers in Japan – plant growth and moisture uptake implementation. Ecol. Eng., 153, 2020, 105898, 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.105898.
Eksi, M., Sevgi, O., Akburak, S., Yurtseven, H., Esin, İ., Assessment of recycled or locally available materials as green roof substrates. Ecol. Eng., 156, 2020, 105966, 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.105966.
Cascone, S., Green roof design: state of the art on technology and materials. Sustainability 11 (2019), 1–27.
Mickovski, S.B., Buss, K., McKenzie, B.M., Sökmener, B., Laboratory study on the potential use of recycled inert construction waste material in the substrate mix for extensive green roofs. Ecol. Eng. 61 (2013), 706–714, 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.02.015.
Molineux, C.J., Gange, A.C., Connop, S.P., Newport, D.J., Using recycled aggregates in green roof substrates for plant diversity. Ecol. Eng. 82 (2015), 596–604, 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.05.036.
Bates, A.J., Sadler, J.P., Greswell, R.B., Mackay, R., Effects of recycled aggregate growth substrate on green roof vegetation development: a six year experiment. Landsc. Urban Plann. 135 (2015), 22–31, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.11.010.
Rincón, L., Coma, J., Pérez, G., Castell, A., Boer, D., Cabeza, L.F., Environmental performance of recycled rubber as drainage layer in extensive green roofs. A comparative Life Cycle Assessment. Build. Environ. 74 (2014), 22–30, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.01.001.
Shafique, M., Azam, A., Rafiq, M., Ateeq, M., Luo, X., An overview of life cycle assessment of green roofs. J. Clean. Prod., 250, 2020, 119471, 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119471.
Scolaro, T.P., Ghisi, E., Life cycle assessment of green roofs: a literature review of layers materials and purposes. Sci. Total Environ., 829, 2022, 154650, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154650.
Kazemi, M., Courard, L., Hubert, J., Heat transfer measurement within green roof with incinerated municipal solid waste aggregates. Sustainability, 13, 2021, 7115, 10.3390/su13137115.
Kazemi, M., Courard, L., Hubert, J., Coarse recycled materials for the drainage and substrate layers of green roof system in dry condition: parametric study and thermal heat transfer. J. Build. Eng., 45, 2022, 103487, 10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103487.
FLL Guidelines, Guidelines for the Planning, Construction and Maintenance of Green Roofing: Green Roofing Guideline, 2008.
Doutreloup, S., Fettweis, X., Rahif, R., Elnagar, E.A., Pourkiaei, M.S., Amaripadath, D., Attia, S., Historical and future weather data for dynamic building simulations in Belgium using the MAR model: typical & extreme meteorological year and heatwaves. Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., 2022, 1–19.
Barnaby, C.S., Crawley, U.B., Weather data for building performance simulation. Building Performance Simulation for Design and Operation, 2012, Routledge, 61–79.
Wilcox, S., Marion, W., Users Manual for TMY3 Data Sets. 2008.
EN 15026. Hygrothermal Performance of Building Components and Building Elements. Assessment of Moisture Transfer by Numerical Simulation. 2007.
Mahar, W.A., Verbeeck, G., Reiter, S., Attia, S., Sensitivity analysis of passive design strategies for residential buildings in cold semi-arid climates. Sustainability, 12, 2020, 1091, 10.3390/su12031091.
Coma, J., Pérez, G., Castell, A., Solé, C., Cabeza, L.F., Green roofs as passive system for energy savings in buildings during the cooling period: use of rubber crumbs as drainage layer. Energy Efficiency 7 (2014), 841–849, 10.1007/s12053-014-9262-x.
Teemusk, A., Mander, Ü., Greenroof potential to reduce temperature fluctuations of a roof membrane: a case study from Estonia. Build. Environ. 44 (2009), 643–650, 10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.05.011.
Ladani, H.J., Park, J.-R., Jang, Y.-S., Shin, H.-S., Hydrological performance assessment for green roof with various substrate depths and compositions. KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 23 (2019), 1860–1871, 10.1007/s12205-019-0270-4.
Desogus, G., Mura, S., Ricciu, R., Comparing different approaches to in situ measurement of building components thermal resistance. Energy Build. 43 (2011), 2613–2620, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.05.025.
ISO 9869-1. Building elements, In-Situ Measurement of Thermal Resistance and Thermal Transmittance-Part 1: Heat Flow Meter Method. 2014.
La Roche, P., Berardi, U., Comfort and energy savings with active green roofs. Energy Build. 82 (2014), 492–504, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.07.055.
Vertaľ, M., Zozulák, M., Vašková, A., Korjenic, A., Hygrothermal initial condition for simulation process of green building construction. Energy Build. 167 (2018), 166–176, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.02.004.
Allinson, D., Hall, M., Hygrothermal analysis of a stabilised rammed earth test building in the UK. Energy Build. 42 (2010), 845–852, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.12.005.
Veas, L., Development and Application of a Methodological Model that Allows Evaluate and Compare the Behaviour of External Walls Exposed to Moisture Phenomenons. 2006 PhD Thesis, UCLouvain.
Gilmore, C.P., More comfort for your heating dollar. Popular Sci., 99, 1972.
WHO. WHO Housing and Health Guidelines. 2018.
Parizotto, S., Lamberts, R., Investigation of green roof thermal performance in temperate climate: a case study of an experimental building in Florianópolis city, Southern Brazil. Energy Build. 43 (2011), 1712–1722, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.03.014.
Lundholm, J.T., Weddle, B.M., MacIvor, J.S., Snow depth and vegetation type affect green roof thermal performance in winter. Energy Build. 84 (2014), 299–307, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.07.093.
Li, Y., Zhu, Q., Simultaneous heat and moisture transfer with moisture sorption, condensation, and capillary liquid diffusion in porous textiles. Textil. Res. J., 2016, 73 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/004051750307300609. (Accessed 11 January 2023)
Pérez, G., Coma, J., Solé, C., Castell, A., Cabeza, L.F., Green roofs as passive system for energy savings when using rubber crumbs as drainage layer. Energy Proc. 30 (2012), 452–460, 10.1016/j.egypro.2012.11.054.
Shadmani, A., Tahmouresi, B., Saradar, A., Mohseni, E., Durability and microstructure properties of SBR-modified concrete containing recycled asphalt pavement. Construct. Build. Mater. 185 (2018), 380–390, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.07.080.
Koushkbaghi, M., Alipour, P., Tahmouresi, B., Mohseni, E., Saradar, A., Sarker, P.K., Influence of different monomer ratios and recycled concrete aggregate on mechanical properties and durability of geopolymer concretes. Construct. Build. Mater. 205 (2019), 519–528, 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.174.
Eskandarinia, M., Esmailzade, M., Hojatkashani, A., Rahmani, A., Jahandari, S., Optimized alkali-activated slag-based concrete reinforced with recycled tire steel fiber. Materials, 15, 2022, 6623, 10.3390/ma15196623.
Jahandari, S., Mohammadi, M., Rahmani, A., Abolhasani, M., Miraki, H., Mohammadifar, L., Kazemi, M., Saberian, M., Rashidi, M., Mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concretes containing silica fume and steel fibres. Materials, 14, 2021, 7065, 10.3390/ma14227065.
Jim, C.Y., Peng, L.L.H., Weather effect on thermal and energy performance of an extensive tropical green roof. Urban For. Urban Green. 11 (2012), 73–85, 10.1016/j.ufug.2011.10.001.
Ávila-Hernández, A., Simá, E., Xamán, J., Hernández-Pérez, I., Téllez-Velázquez, E., Chagolla-Aranda, M.A., Test box experiment and simulations of a green-roof: thermal and energy performance of a residential building standard for Mexico. Energy Build., 209, 2020, 109709, 10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109709.