Greenland; bathymetry; glaciology; mass conservation; multibeam echo sounding; radar echo sounding; Multibeams; Radar echoes; Geophysics; Earth and Planetary Sciences (all); General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract :
[en] Greenland's bed topography is a primary control on ice flow, grounding line migration, calving dynamics, and subglacial drainage. Moreover, fjord bathymetry regulates the penetration of warm Atlantic water (AW) that rapidly melts and undercuts Greenland's marine-terminating glaciers. Here we present a new compilation of Greenland bed topography that assimilates seafloor bathymetry and ice thickness data through a mass conservation approach. A new 150 m horizontal resolution bed topography/bathymetric map of Greenland is constructed with seamless transitions at the ice/ocean interface, yielding major improvements over previous data sets, particularly in the marine-terminating sectors of northwest and southeast Greenland. Our map reveals that the total sea level potential of the Greenland ice sheet is 7.42 ± 0.05 m, which is 7 cm greater than previous estimates. Furthermore, it explains recent calving front response of numerous outlet glaciers and reveals new pathways by which AW can access glaciers with marine-based basins, thereby highlighting sectors of Greenland that are most vulnerable to future oceanic forcing.
Disciplines :
Earth sciences & physical geography
Author, co-author :
Morlighem, M ; Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine CA USA
Williams, C N; Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK ; Now at British Geological Survey Nottingham UK
Rignot, E ; Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine CA USA ; Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA
An, L ; Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine CA USA
Arndt, J E ; Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany
Bamber, J L ; Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
Catania, G ; Institute of Geophysics University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
Chauché, N ; Department of Geography and Earth Science Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth UK
Dowdeswell, J A; Scott Polar Research Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
Dorschel, B ; Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany
Fenty, I ; Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA
Hogan, K; British Antarctic Survey Natural Environment Research Council Cambridge UK
Howat, I ; Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
Hubbard, A; Department of Geography and Earth Science Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth UK ; Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, Department of GeosciencesUiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
Jakobsson, M ; Department of Geology and Geochemistry Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
Jordan, T M; Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
Kjeldsen, K K ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark ; Department of Earth Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada ; Department of Geodesy, DTU Space, National Space Institute Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby Denmark
Millan, R ; Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine CA USA
Mayer, L ; Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping University of New Hampshire Durham NH USA
Mouginot, J ; Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine CA USA
Noël, Brice ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de géographie > Climatologie et Topoclimatologie ; Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands
O'Cofaigh, C; Department of Geography Durham University Durham UK
Palmer, S ; College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
Rysgaard, S ; Centre for Earth Observation Science, Department of Environment and Geography University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada ; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources Nuuk Greenland ; Arctic Research Centre Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
Seroussi, H ; Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA
Siegert, M J ; Grantham Institute and Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College London London UK
Slabon, P ; Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany
Straneo, F ; Department of Physical Oceanography Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA USA
van den Broeke, M R ; Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands
Weinrebe, W; Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany
Wood, M ; Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine CA USA
Zinglersen, K B ; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources Nuuk Greenland
NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration NERC - Natural Environment Research Council
Funding text :
This work was performed at the University of California, Irvine, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cryospheric Sciences Program (NNX15AD55G), and the National Science Foundation's ARCSS program (1504230), and in cooperation with the University of Bristol as part of the Basal Properties of the Greenland Ice Sheet project (BPoG, NERC grant NE/M000869/1). We thank the Danish Geodata Agency and the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources for providing bathymetry data in the fjord of Narsap Sermia. We also thank David and Denise Holland, from New York University, for providing bathymetry data in Illulisat Icefjord, and Don Blankenship and Duncan Young, from the University of Texas, Institute for Geophysics, for their participation in collecting the HiCARS data. Finally, we would like to thank GRISO RCN (Greenland Ice Sheet Ocean Research Coordination Network) for their help in finding available bathymetry data. BedMachine v3 will be available at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC): http://nsidc.org/data/IDBMG4.This work was performed at the University of California, Irvine, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cryospheric Sciences Program (NNX15AD55G), and the National Science Foundation’s ARCSS program (1504230), and in cooperation with the University of Bristol as part of the Basal Properties of the Greenland Ice Sheet project (BPoG, NERC grant NE/M000869/1). We thank the Danish Geodata Agency and the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources for providing bathymetry data in the fjord of Narsap Sermia. We also thank David and Denise Holland, from New York University, for providing bathymetry data in Illulisat Icefjord, and Don Blankenship and Duncan Young, from the University of Texas, Institute for Geophysics, for their participation in collecting the HiCARS data. Finally, we would like to thank GRISO RCN (Greenland Ice Sheet Ocean Research Coordination Network) for their help in finding available bathymetry data. BedMachine v3 will be available at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC): http://nsidc.org/data/IDBMG4.
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