Analysis of changes in air pollution quality and impact of COVID-19 on environmental health in Iran: application of interpolation models and spatial autocorrelation.
Air quality index; Coronavirus; GIS; Local and global Moran index; Pollution impact; Air Pollutants; Dust; Particulate Matter; Sulfur Dioxide; Ozone; Nitrogen Dioxide; Dust/analysis; Environmental Health; Environmental Monitoring/methods; Humans; Iran; Nitrogen Dioxide/analysis; Particulate Matter/analysis; Spatial Analysis; Sulfur Dioxide/analysis; Air Pollutants/analysis; Air Pollution/analysis; COVID-19; Ozone/analysis; Air Pollution; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Chemistry; Pollution; Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis; General Medicine
Abstract :
[en] In the global COVID-19 epidemic, humans are faced with a new challenge. The concept of quarantine as a preventive measure has changed human activities in all aspects of life. This challenge has led to changes in the environment as well. The air quality index is one of the immediate concrete parameters. In this study, the actual potential of quarantine effects on the air quality index and related variables in Tehran, the capital of Iran, is assessed, where, first, the data on the pollutant reference concentration for all measuring stations in Tehran, from February 19 to April 19, from 2017 to 2020, are monitored and evaluated. This study investigated the hourly concentrations of six particulate matters (PM), including PM2.5, PM10, and air contaminants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO). Changes in pollution rate during the study period can be due to reduced urban traffic, small industrial activities, and dust mites of urban and industrial origins. Although pollution has declined in most regions during the COVID-19 quarantine period, the PM2.5 rate has not decreased significantly, which might be of natural origins such as dust. Next, the air quality index for the stations is calculated, and then, the interpolation is made by evaluating the root mean square (RMS) of different models. The local and global Moran index indicates that the changes and the air quality index in the study area are clustered and have a high spatial autocorrelation. The results indicate that although the bad air quality is reduced due to quarantine, major changes are needed in urban management to provide favorable conditions. Contaminants can play a role in transmitting COVID-19 as a carrier of the virus. It is suggested that due to the rise in COVID-19 and temperature in Iran, in future studies, the effect of increased temperature on COVID-19 can be assessed.
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Keshtkar, Mostafa ; Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Department of Environmental Planning, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran
Heidari, Hamed ; School of Environment, College of Engineering, Department of Environmental Planning, Management & Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. hamed.heidari@alumni.ut.ac.ir
Moazzeni, Niloofar; Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Department of Environmental Planning, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran
Azadi, Hossein ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Modélisation et développement ; Research Group Climate Change and Security, Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany ; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Language :
English
Title :
Analysis of changes in air pollution quality and impact of COVID-19 on environmental health in Iran: application of interpolation models and spatial autocorrelation.
Publication date :
May 2022
Journal title :
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
ISSN :
0944-1344
eISSN :
1614-7499
Publisher :
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, Germany
Appreciations are extended to the General Department of the Environment, especially the Air and Climate Office, Tehran, for providing the time series data.
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