Bukavu Satellite city Population growth Sustainability Suitability Urban planning; Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law; Pollution; Waste Management and Disposal; Environmental Engineering; Global and Planetary Change
Abstract :
[en] This study was conducted to contribute to improvement and sustainable development of Congolese cities, particularly Bukavu city. GIS and Remote Sensing technics were used to estimate the built-up suitable areas in Bukavu taking into account the slopes, rivers, exclusion zones, protected zones, lakes, roads, identified landslides areas, erosion and flooding. These exclusion areas were subtracted from the total city area to determine the suitable areas. 2030 and 2050 population projections were made based on 2016 estimations. The results obtained show that only 68.6% (∼29.7 km 2) are suitable for built-up. Based on 2016 estimation, the population will double by 2030 and triple by 2050. While the areas that can be developed for settlements can accommodate only ∼186 000 people, the surplus will be relocated in two selected satellite cities, namely Nyatende and Miti-Murhesa centres, having ∼38 and ∼125 km 2 of suitable areas, respectively. Both vertical and horizontal development with an average plot size of 350 m 2 would reduce the negative impacts and ensure a sustainable city environment. To maintain the sustainability of Bukavu and its former name of "green city ", both horizontal and mixed extensions will be considered while the two selected zones have to be well planned for new satellites cities and new Bukavu city development.
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Ntamusimwa Muhaya, Valéry; Faculty of Agriculture and Envionmental Sciences, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu ; Institut Géographique du Congo ((IGC), Bukavu
Chuma Basimine, Géant ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Sphères ; Faculty of Agriculture and Envionmental Sciences, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu
Kahindo Kavimba, Jacques; Institut Géographique du Congo ((IGC), Bukavu
Cirezi Cizungu, Nadège ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Biodiversité et Paysage ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre
Mugumaarhahama, Yannick; Faculty of Agriculture and Envionmental Sciences, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu
Fadiala, Rosam; Institut Superieur d'Architecture et d'Urbanisme (ISAU), Kinshasa
Kanene, Corneille; Institut Superieur d'Architecture et d'Urbanisme (ISAU), Kinshasa
Yenga-Yenga Kabasele, Albert; Institut Géographique du Congo ((IGC), Bukavu ; Université Pédagogique Nationale, Ecole doctorale de Télécommunication et Télédétection Spatiale (ETS /UPN), Kinshasa
Nachigera Mushagalusa, Gustave; Faculty of Agriculture and Envionmental Sciences, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu
Karume, Katcho; Faculty of Agriculture and Envionmental Sciences, Université Evangélique en Afrique (UEA), Bukavu ; Goma Volcano Observatory (OVG), Goma ; Centre de Recherche en Géothermie (CRGeo), Bukavu, Congo
Language :
English
Title :
Uncontrolled urbanization and expected unclogging of Congolese cities: Case of Bukavu city, Eastern DR Congo
Banque Mondiale, 2018. Revue de l'urbanisation en République démocratique du Congo: des villes productives et inclusives pour l’émergence de la République démocratique du Congo doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1205-7.
Bonard, Y., Matthey, L., Les éco-quartiers–Laboratoires de la ville durable. Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography, 2010, 1–9, 10.4000/cybergeo.23202 https://journals.openedition.org/cybergeo/23202, 2010. (Accessed 15 January 2022)
Büscher, K., African cities and violent conflict–The urban dimension of conflict and post-conflict dynamics in Central and Eastern Africa. J. East. Afr. Stud. 12:2 (2018), 193–210.
Buzera, C.K, Teganyi, C., Dewitte, O., et Michellier, C., Impact des déformations du sol sur la vulnérabilité des réseaux de distribution d'eau et d’électricité à Bukavu (RD Congo). Geo-Eco-Trop 41:2 (2017), 279–292.
CAB/MIN. URB-HAB/ 2005. Journal officiel de la République Démocratique du Congo. 1ere partie, n°10. Kinshasa, RD Congo.4 pages.
Collin, H., 1976. François J. Himly. Atlas des villes médiévales d'Alsace. Cahiers de civilisation médiévale, 19(74), 179-180.
Delvaux, D., Mulumba, J.-L, Fiama, S.B., Sebagenzi, M.N.S., Kervyn, F., Havenith, H.-B, Seismic hazard assessment of the Kivu rift segment based on a new sismo-tectonic zonation model (Western Branch, East African Rift system). J. Afr. Earth Sci. 134 (2017), 831–855.
DSCRP, 2010. Monographie du Sud-Kivu. Ministère du Plan. Unité de Pilotage du Processus DSRP. Gombe, Kinshasa, RD Congo. 124 pages.
Gevers, T.W., The Kivu Volcanoes in the Belgian Congo. S. Afr. Geogr. J. 22:1 (1940), 3–26.
Kajibwami, C.B., Perception du changement climatique à Bukavu et dans les milieux péri-urbains et mesure d'adaptation. Int. J. Innov. Sci. Res. 2:18 (2015), 216–223.
Kasereka, B., Factors affecting the boundary demarcation in the Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Kivu, DR Congo. Afr. Stud. Monogr. 24:3 (2003), 181–194.
Michellier, C., Kervyn, M., Barette, F., Syavulisembo, A.M., Kimanuka, C., Mataboro, S.K., Hage, F., Wolff, E., Kervyn, F., Evaluating population vulnerability to volcanic risk in a data scarcity context–The case of Goma city, Virunga volcanic province (DRCongo). Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct., 45, 2020, 101460.
Moeyersons, J., Tréfois, P., Lavreau, J., Alimasi, D., Badriyo, I., Mitima, B., Mundala, M., Munganga, D.O., Nahimana, L., A geomorphological assessment of landslide origin at Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Eng. Geol. 72:1-2 (2004), 73–87.
Muhaya, V., MSc. Thesis., 2020, Université Evangélique en Afrique, 84.
Ndyanabo, S., Vandecasteele, I., Moeyersons, J., Trefois, P., Ozer, A., Ozer, P., Dunia, K. and Cishugi, B., 2011. Vulnerability mapping for sustainable hazard mitigation in the city of Bukavu, South Kivu, DR Congo.
Nkoko, D.B., Giraudoux, P., Plisnier, P.D., Tinda, A.M., Piarroux, M., Sudre, B., Horion, S., Tamfum, J.J.M., Ilunga, B.K., Piarroux, R., Dynamics of cholera outbreaks in Great Lakes region of Africa, 1978–2008. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 17(11), 2011, 2026.
Nobile, A., Dille, A., Monsieurs, E., Basimike, J., Bibentyo, T.M., d'Oreye, N., Kervyn, F., Dewitte, O., Multi-temporal DInSAR to characterise landslide ground deformations in a tropical urban environment–Focus on Bukavu (DR Congo). Remote Sens., 10(4), 2018, 626.
Pech, L., Büscher, K., Lakes, T., Intraurban development in a city under protracted armed conflict–Patterns and actors in Goma, DR Congo. Polit. Geogr. 66 (2018), 98–112.
Sambieni, K.R., 2019. Dynamique du paysage de la ville province de Kinshasa sous la pression de la périurbanisation: l'infrastructure verte comme moteur d'aménagement, Thèse de doctorat.
Satterthwaite, D., The impact of urban development on risk in sub-Saharan Africa's cities with a focus on small and intermediate urban centres. Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct. 26 (2017), 16–23.
Talukdar, D., Jack, D., Gulyani, S., Poverty, living conditions, and infrastructure access–A comparison of slums in Dakar, Johannesburg, and Nairobi (Policy Research Working Paper 5388). 2010, The World Bank, Geneva, Switzerland.
Tieleman, D., 2015. CPTED: la pensée de Jane Jacobs et d'Oscar Newman dans le développement des villes contemporaines (faculté d'architecture - Ulg, ARCH 1945). University of Liège. https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/184229/1/141017-texte.pdf. (Accessed 15 January 2022).
Trefois, P., Moeyersons, J., Lavreau, J., Alimasi, D., Badryio, I., Mitima, B., Nahimana, L., Geomorphology and urban geology of Bukavu (R.D. Congo)–Interaction between slope instability and human settlement. Geological Society, 283, 2007, Special Publications, London, 65–75, 10.1144/sp283.6.
UN-Habitat. State of the world's cities 2012/2013–Prosperity of cities. 2013, Routledge, New York, USA https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/download-manager-files/State_of_the_World_Cities_20122013.pdf, 2013. (Accessed 21 January 2022)
Vwima, N.S., Le rôle du commerce frontalier des produits alimentaires avec le Rwanda dans l'approvisionnement des ménages de la ville de Bukavu (Province du Sud-Kivu). Phd Thesis. 2014, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium, 2014, Université de Liège, Belgique https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/165882/1/these_stany.pdf.
Wafula, D.M., Yalire, M., Kasereka, M., Ciraba, M., Kwetuenda, M., Hamaguchi, H., Natural disasters and hazards in the Lake Kivu basin, Western Rift Valley of Africa. Report on the International Workshop on Natural and Human Induced Hazards and Disasters in Africa, 2007, IUGG Proc https://www.demainlaville.com/ville-horizontale-ville-verticale-faut-choisir/.
