Evaluation the WRF model with different land surface schemes: Heat wave event simulations and its relation to pacific variability over Coastal region, Karachi, Pakistan
ENSO; Forecast; Heat wave; NOAH-MP; WRF; Computer Science (miscellaneous); Geography, Planning and Development; Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment; Building and Construction; Environmental Science (miscellaneous); Energy Engineering and Power Technology; Hardware and Architecture; Computer Networks and Communications; Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law
Abstract :
[en] This study investigates the relative role of land surface schemes (LSS) in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, Version 4, to simulate the heat wave events in Karachi, Pakistan during 16–23 May 2018. The efficiency of the WRF model was evaluated in forecasting heat wave events over Karachi using the three different LSS, namely NOAH, NOAH-MP, and RUC. In addition to this we have used the longwave (RRTM) and shortwave (Dudhia) in all schemes. Three simulating setups were designed with a combination of shortwave, longwave, and LSS: E1 (Dudhia, RRTM, and Noah), E2 (Dudhia, RRTM, and Noah-MP), and E3 (Dudhia, RRTM, and RUC). All setups were carried out with a finer resolution of 1 km × 1 km. Findings of current study depicted that E2 produces a more realistic simulation of daily maximum temperature T(max) at 2 m, sensible heat (SH), and latent heat (LH) because it has higher R2 and lower errors (BIAS, RMSE, MAE) compared to other schemes. Consequently, Noah-MP (LSS) accurately estimates T(max) and land surface heat fluxes (SH&LH) because uses multiple physics options for land atmosphere interaction processes. According to statistical analyses, E2 setup outperforms other setups in term of T(max) and (LH&SH) forecasting with the higher Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) agreement is 0.84 (0.89). This research emphasizes that the selection of LSS is of vital importance in the best simulation of T(max) and SH (LH) over Karachi. Further, it is resulted that the SH flux is taking a higher part to trigger the heat wave event intensity during May 2018 due to dense urban canopy and less vegetated area. El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event played role to prolong and strengthen the heat wave period by effecting the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) through walker circulation extension.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Dilawar, Adil ; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
Chen, Baozhang ; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China ; School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China ; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation of Geographical Information Resources Development and Application, Nanjing, China
Guo, Lifeng; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
Liu, Shuan ; School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
Shafeeque, Muhammad ; Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany ; Key Lab of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Arshad, Arfan; Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, United States
Hussain, Yawar ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de géologie > Géologie de l'environnement
Qureshi, Muhammad Ateeq ; National Center for Remote Sensing and Geo Informatics, Institute of Space Technology, Karachi Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
Kayiranga, Alphonse; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
Wang, Fei; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
Measho, Simon ; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
Zhang, Huifang; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China
Language :
English
Title :
Evaluation the WRF model with different land surface schemes: Heat wave event simulations and its relation to pacific variability over Coastal region, Karachi, Pakistan
This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA 20030302), the National Key R&D Program of China [Grant # 2018YFA0606001 & 2017YFA0604301], the research grants [41771114 & 41271116] funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the research grant [O88RA901YA] funded by the State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System.
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