allometric scaling; crown radius; forest biomass stocks; forest ecology; remote sensing; stem diameter; tree height; Global and Planetary Change; Environmental Chemistry; Ecology; Environmental Science (all); General Environmental Science
Abstract :
[en] Data capturing multiple axes of tree size and shape, such as a tree's stem diameter, height and crown size, underpin a wide range of ecological research-from developing and testing theory on forest structure and dynamics, to estimating forest carbon stocks and their uncertainties, and integrating remote sensing imagery into forest monitoring programmes. However, these data can be surprisingly hard to come by, particularly for certain regions of the world and for specific taxonomic groups, posing a real barrier to progress in these fields. To overcome this challenge, we developed the Tallo database, a collection of 498,838 georeferenced and taxonomically standardized records of individual trees for which stem diameter, height and/or crown radius have been measured. These data were collected at 61,856 globally distributed sites, spanning all major forested and non-forested biomes. The majority of trees in the database are identified to species (88%), and collectively Tallo includes data for 5163 species distributed across 1453 genera and 187 plant families. The database is publicly archived under a CC-BY 4.0 licence and can be access from: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637599. To demonstrate its value, here we present three case studies that highlight how the Tallo database can be used to address a range of theoretical and applied questions in ecology-from testing the predictions of metabolic scaling theory, to exploring the limits of tree allometric plasticity along environmental gradients and modelling global variation in maximum attainable tree height. In doing so, we provide a key resource for field ecologists, remote sensing researchers and the modelling community working together to better understand the role that trees play in regulating the terrestrial carbon cycle.
Jucker, Tommaso ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Fischer, Fabian Jörg; School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Chave, Jérôme ; Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR 5174 (CNRS/IRD/UPS), Toulouse Cedex 9, France ; Université Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
Coomes, David A ; Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Caspersen, John; Institute of Forestry and Conservation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Ali, Arshad ; Forest Ecology Research Group, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
Loubota Panzou, Grace ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Gestion des ressources forestières et des milieux naturels ; Laboratoire de Biodiversité, de Gestion des Ecosystèmes et de l'Environnement (LBGE), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
Feldpausch, Ted R; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
Falster, Daniel; Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Usoltsev, Vladimir A; Department of Forestry, Ural State Forest Engineering University, Yekaterinburg, Russia ; Department of Forest Dynamics, Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Adu-Bredu, Stephen; Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
Alves, Luciana F; Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
Aminpour, Mohammad; Natural Recourses and Watershed Management Office, West Azerbaijan Province, Urmia, Iran
Angoboy, Ilondea B; Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche Agronimiques, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Anten, Niels P R; Center for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Askari, Yousef; Research Division of Natural Resources, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Yasouj, Iran
Muñoz, Rodrigo; Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico ; Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Ayyappan, Narayanan; Department of Ecology, French Institute of Pondicherry, Puducherry, India
Balvanera, Patricia; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
Banin, Lindsay; UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Edinburgh, UK
Battles, John J; University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
Beeckman, Hans; Service of Wood Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
Bocko, Yannick E; Laboratoire de Biodiversité, de Gestion des Ecosystèmes et de l'Environnement (LBGE), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
Bond-Lamberty, Ben; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute, College Park, Maryland, USA
Bongers, Frans; Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Bowers, Samuel; School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Brade, Thomas; School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
van Breugel, Michiel; Yale-NUS College, Singapore ; ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, Panama, Republic of Panama ; Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Chantrain, Arthur; Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium
Dai, Jingyu; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
Dalponte, Michele; Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
Dimobe, Kangbéni; Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement et du Développement Rural (ISEDR), Université de Dédougou, Dédougou, Burkina Faso
Domec, Jean-Christophe; Bordeaux Sciences Agro-UMR ISPA, INRAE, Bordeaux, France ; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
Doucet, Jean-Louis ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Gestion des ressources forestières et des milieux naturels
Duursma, Remko A; Shinto Labs, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Enríquez, Moisés; Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
van Ewijk, Karin Y; Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Farfán-Rios, William; Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
Fayolle, Adeline ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Gestion des ressources forestières et des milieux naturels
Forni, Eric; CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, Montpellier, France
Forrester, David I; CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Gilani, Hammad; Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad Highway, Islamabad, Pakistan
Godlee, John L; School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie; CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, Montpellier, France
Haeni, Matthias; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Hall, Jefferson S; ForestGEO, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, Panama, Republic of Panama
He, Jie-Kun; Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Hemp, Andreas; Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
Hernández-Stefanoni, José L; Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
Higgins, Steven I; Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Holdaway, Robert J; Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
Hussain, Kiramat; Gilgit-Baltistan Forest Wildlife and Environment Department, Gilgit, Pakistan
Hutley, Lindsay B; Research Institute for the Environment & Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
Ichie, Tomoaki; Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
Iida, Yoshiko; Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Jiang, Hai-Sheng; Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Joshi, Puspa Raj; Institute of Forestry, Tribhuvan University, Hetauda, Nepal
Kaboli, Hasan; Faculty of Desert Studies Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
Larsary, Maryam Kazempour; Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Somehsara, Iran
Kenzo, Tanaka; Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Kloeppel, Brian D; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resources, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina, USA ; Graduate School and Research, Western Carolina Unversity, Cullowhee, North Carolina, USA
Kohyama, Takashi; Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Kunwar, Suwash; Division Forest Office, Ministry of Forest, Dhangadhi, Sudurpashchim Province, Nepal ; Department of Forest Resources Management, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Kuyah, Shem; Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya
Kvasnica, Jakub; Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
Lin, Siliang; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Lines, Emily R; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Liu, Hongyan; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
Lorimer, Craig; Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Loumeto, Jean-Joël; Laboratoire de Biodiversité, de Gestion des Ecosystèmes et de l'Environnement (LBGE), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
Malhi, Yadvinder; Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Marshall, Peter L; Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Mattsson, Eskil; IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Göteborg, Sweden ; Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre (GGBC), Gothenburg, Sweden
Matula, Radim; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
Meave, Jorge A; Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
Mensah, Sylvanus; Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d'Estimations Forestières, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
Mi, Xiangcheng; State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Momo, Stéphane; AMAP Lab, Montpellier University, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France ; Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'Ecologie, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Moncrieff, Glenn R; Fynbos Node, South African Environmental Observation Network, Claremont, South Africa ; Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
Mora, Francisco; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
Nissanka, Sarath P; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
O'Hara, Kevin L; University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
Pearce, Steven; The Tree Projects, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Peri, Pablo L; Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - CONICET, Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
Poorter, Lourens; Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Pour, Mohsen Javanmiri; Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
Pourbabaei, Hassan; Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Somehsara, Iran
Dupuy-Rada, Juan Manuel; Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
Ribeiro, Sabina C; Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário, Rio Branco, Brazil
Ryan, Casey; School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Sanaei, Anvar; Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
Sanger, Jennifer; The Tree Projects, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Schlund, Michael; Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
Sellan, Giacomo; UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, Kourou, French Guiana ; Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
Shenkin, Alexander; Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Sonké, Bonaventure; Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'Ecologie, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Sterck, Frank J; Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Svátek, Martin; Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
Takagi, Kentaro; Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Horonobe, Japan
Trugman, Anna T; Department of Geography, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
Ullah, Farman; Forest Ecology Research Group, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China ; Department of Forest Resources Management, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Vadeboncoeur, Matthew A; Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
Valipour, Ahmad; Department of Forestry and The Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, University of Kurdistan, Erbil, Iran
Vanderwel, Mark C; Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
Vovides, Alejandra G; School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, East Quadrangle, Glasgow, UK
Wang, Weiwei; State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Wang, Li-Qiu; Department of Forest Resources Management, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Wirth, Christian; Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany ; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Woods, Murray; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
Xiang, Wenhua; Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
Ximenes, Fabiano de Aquino; Forest Science, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia
Xu, Yaozhan; State Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China ; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
Yamada, Toshihiro; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences of Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
Zavala, Miguel A; Forest Ecology and Restoration Group (FORECO), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
NERC - Natural Environment Research Council FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais UNAM - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México CONACYT - Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología Energimyndigheten BMBF - Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung NSCF - National Natural Science Foundation of China NSF - National Science Foundation DOE - United States. Department of Energy CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior IFS - International Foundation for Science NFU - Nanjing Forestry University Hebei University ANR - Agence Nationale de la Recherche
Funding text :
We are indebted to the countless researchers and field assistants who helped collect the field data compiled in the database and without whom this work would not have been possible. T.J. was supported by a UK NERC Independent Research Fellowship (grant: NE/S01537X/1). J.Ch. acknowledges an ‘Investissement d'Avenir’ grant managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA grant: ANR‐10‐LABX‐25‐01 and TULIP grant: ANR‐10‐LABX‐0041). A.A. is currently supported by Hebei University (grant: 521100221033) and was previously supported by the Jiangsu Science and Technology Special Project (grant: BX2019084) and Metasequoia Faculty Research Startup Funding at Nanjing Forestry University (grant: 163010230). G.J.L.P. was supported by projects DynAfFor (grant: CZZ1636.01D) and P3FAC (grant: CZZ1636.02D) and by the International Foundation for Science (grant: D/5822‐1). T.R.F. was funded by NERC (grant: NE/N011570/1). L.F.A was supported by CAPES and ABC‐CNPq (grant: 004/96). B.B.L. was supported by COMPASS‐FME, a multi‐institutional project supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research as part of the Environmental System Science Program. M.v.B. acknowledges funding from the Agua Salud Project, a collaboration between the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), the Panama Canal Authority (ACP) and the Ministry of the Environment of Panama (MiAmbiente), the Smithsonian Institution Forest Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO), Heising‐Simons Foundation, HSBC Climate Partnership, Stanley Motta, Small World Institute Fund, Frank and Kristin Levinson, the Hoch family, the U Trust, the Working Land and Seascapes Program of the Smithsonian, the National Science Foundation (grant: EAR‐1360391), Singapore's Ministry of Education and Yale–NUS College (grant: IG16‐LR004). J.D. and H.L. were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants: 41790422 and 42161144008). K.D. was supported by the African Forest Forum, and the DAAD within the framework of ClimapAfrica (Climate Research for Alumni and Postdocs in Africa) with funds of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (grant: 91785431). E.R.L. was supported by a UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship (grant: MR/T019832/1). E.M. was supported by Swedish Energy Agency (grant: 35586‐1). J.A.M. was supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT; grant: CB‐2009‐01‐128136) and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (DGAPA‐PAPIIT; grants: IN218416 and IN217620). J.M.D‐. acknowledges funding from Reinforcing REDD+ and the South–South Cooperation Project, CONAFOR and USFS. S.C.R. acknowledges funding from FAPEMIG (grant: CAG2327‐07), DAAD/CAPES and CNPq. G.S. acknowledges funding by Manchester Metropolitan University's Environmental Science Research Centre. M.S. was funded by a grant from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (grant: INTER‐TRANSFER LTT19018). A.T.T. acknowledges funding from the NSF (grant: 2003205). M.A.Z. thanks the MAPA‐Spain for granting access to the Spanish Forest Inventory data. We thank Prof Kristina Anderson‐Teixeira, Dr Anping Chen and an anonymous reviewer for their feedback which helped us improve our paper. Dr Abd Rahman Kassim, who contributed data to this project, sadly passed away before this paper was completed. Tallo
Aguirre-Gutiérrez, J., Rifai, S., Shenkin, A., Oliveras, I., Bentley, L. P., Svátek, M., Girardin, C. A. J., Both, S., Riutta, T., Berenguer, E., Kissling, W. D., Bauman, D., Raab, N., Moore, S., Farfan-Rios, W., Figueiredo, A. E. S., Reis, S. M., Ndong, J. E., Ondo, F. E., … Malhi, Y. (2021). Pantropical modelling of canopy functional traits using Sentinel-2 remote sensing data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 252, 112122. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSE.2020.112122
Anderson-Teixeira, K. J., McGarvey, J. C., Muller-Landau, H. C., Park, J. Y., Gonzalez-Akre, E. B., Herrmann, V., Bennett, A. C., So, C. V., Bourg, N. A., Thompson, J. R., McMahon, S. M., & McShea, W. J. (2015). Size-related scaling of tree form and function in a mixed-age forest. Functional Ecology, 29(12), 1587–1602. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12470
Atkins, J. W., Walter, J. A., Stovall, A. E. L., Fahey, R. T., & Gough, C. M. (2022). Power law scaling relationships link canopy structural complexity and height across forest types. Functional Ecology, 36(3), 713–726. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13983
Banin, L., Feldpausch, T. R., Phillips, O. L., Baker, T. R., Lloyd, J., Affum-Baffoe, K., Arets, E. J. M. M., Berry, N. J., Bradford, M., Brienen, R. J. W., Davies, S., Drescher, M., Higuchi, N., Hilbert, D. W., Hladik, A., Iida, Y., Salim, K. A., Kassim, A. R., King, D. A., … Lewis, S. L. (2012). What controls tropical forest architecture? Testing environmental, structural and floristic drivers. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21, 1179–1190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2012.00778.x
Bastin, J. F., Rutishauser, E., Kellner, J. R., Saatchi, S., Pélissier, R., Hérault, B., Slik, F., Bogaert, J., De Cannière, C., Marshall, A. R., Poulsen, J., Alvarez-Loyayza, P., Andrade, A., Angbonga-Basia, A., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Ayyappan, N., de Azevedo, C. P., Banki, O., … Zebaze, D. (2018). Pan-tropical prediction of forest structure from the largest trees. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27(11), 1366–1383. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12803
Bennett, A. C., McDowell, N. G., Allen, C. D., Anderson-Teixeira, K. J., Trenberth, K. E., Nepstad, D. C., Tohver, I. M., Ray, D., Moutinho, P., Cardinot, G., Phillips, O. L., Lindenmayer, D. B., Laurance, W. F., Franklin, J. F., Lutz, J. A., Larson, A. J., Swanson, M. E., Freund, J. A., Wullschleger, S. D., … Haack, R. A. (2015). Larger trees suffer most during drought in forests worldwide. Nature Plants, 1(10), 15139. https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2015.139
Boyle, B., Hopkins, N., Lu, Z., Raygoza Garay, J. A., Mozzherin, D., Rees, T., Matasci, N., Narro, M. L., Piel, W. H., McKay, S. J., Lowry, S., Freeland, C., Peet, R. K., & Enquist, B. J. (2013). The taxonomic name resolution service: An online tool for automated standardization of plant names. BMC Bioinformatics, 14(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-14-16
Cano, I. M., Muller-Landau, H. C., Joseph Wright, S., Bohlman, S. A., & Pacala, S. W. (2019). Tropical tree height and crown allometries for the Barro Colorado nature monument, Panama: A comparison of alternative hierarchical models incorporating interspecific variation in relation to life history traits. Biogeosciences, 16(4), 847–862. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-847-2019
Cayuela, L., Granzow-de la Cerda, Í., Albuquerque, F. S., & Golicher, D. J. (2012). Taxonstand: An r package for species names standardisation in vegetation databases. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 3(6), 1078–1083. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00232.x
Chave, J., Réjou-Méchain, M., Búrquez, A., Chidumayo, E., Colgan, M. S., Delitti, W. B. C., Duque, A., Eid, T., Fearnside, P. M., Goodman, R. C., Henry, M., Martínez-Yrízar, A., Mugasha, W. A., Muller-Landau, H. C., Mencuccini, M., Nelson, B. W., Ngomanda, A., Nogueira, E. M., Ortiz-Malavassi, E., … Vieilledent, G. (2014). Improved allometric models to estimate the aboveground biomass of tropical trees. Global Change Biology, 20, 3177–3190. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12629
Coomes, D. A., Holdaway, R. J., Kobe, R. K., Lines, E. R., & Allen, R. B. (2012). A general integrative framework for modelling woody biomass production and carbon sequestration rates in forests. Journal of Ecology, 100(1), 42–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2011.01920.x
de Frenne, P., Lenoir, J., Luoto, M., Scheffers, B. R., Zellweger, F., Aalto, J., Ashcroft, M. B., Christiansen, D. M., Decocq, G., de Pauw, K., Govaert, S., Greiser, C., Gril, E., Hampe, A., Jucker, T., Klinges, D. H., Koelemeijer, I. A., Lembrechts, J. J., Marrec, R., … Hylander, K. (2021). Forest microclimates and climate change: Importance, drivers and future research agenda. Global Change Biology, 27(11), 2279–2297. https://doi.org/10.1111/GCB.15569
de Souza, C. R., Coelho de Souza, F., Maia, V. A., de Aguiar-Campos, N., Coelho, P. A., Farrapo, C. L., Santos, A. B. M., Araújo, F. C., Gianasi, F. M., Paula, G. G. P., Morel, J. D., Fagundes, N. C. A., Garcia, P. O., Santos, P. F., Silva, W. B., Fontes, M. A. L., & Santos, R. M. (2021). Tropical forests structure and diversity: A comparison of methodological choices. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 12(10), 2017–2027. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13670
Disney, M. (2019). Terrestrial LiDAR: A three-dimensional revolution in how we look at trees. New Phytologist, 222(4), 1736–1741. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15517
Domec, J. C., Lachenbruch, B., Meinzer, F. C., Woodruff, D. R., Warren, J. M., & McCulloh, K. A. (2008). Maximum height in a conifer is associated with conflicting requirements for xylem design. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(33), 12069–12074. https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.0710418105
Enquist, B. J., West, G. B., & Brown, J. H. (2009). Extensions and evaluations of a general quantitative theory of forest structure and dynamics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(17), 7046–7051. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812303106
Falster, D. S., Duursma, R. A., Ishihara, M. I., Barneche, D. R., Fitzjohn, R. G., Vårhammar, A., Aiba, M., Ando, M., Anten, N., Aspinwall, M. J., Jennifer, L., Baraloto, C., Battaglia, M., Battles, J. J., Bond-lamberty, B., Van, M., Camac, J., Claveau, Y., Coll, L., … York, R. A. (2015). BAAD: A biomass and allometry database for woody plants. Ecology, 96, 1445.
Feldpausch, T. R., Banin, L., Phillips, O. L., Baker, T. R., Lewis, S. L., Quesada, C. A., Affum-Baffoe, K., Arets, E. J. M. M. M. M., Berry, N. J., Bird, M., Brondizio, E. S., De Camargo, P., Chave, J., Djagbletey, G., Domingues, T. F., Drescher, M., Fearnside, P. M., França, M. B., Fyllas, N. M., … Lloyd, J. (2011). Height-diameter allometry of tropical forest trees. Biogeosciences, 8(5), 1081–1106. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1081-2011
Fick, S. E., & Hijmans, R. J. (2017). WorldClim 2: New 1-km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology, 37(12), 4302–4315. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5086
Fischer, F. J., Labrière, N., Vincent, G., Hérault, B., Alonso, A., Memiaghe, H., Bissiengou, P., Kenfack, D., Saatchi, S., & Chave, J. (2020). A simulation method to infer tree allometry and forest structure from airborne laser scanning and forest inventories. Remote Sensing of Environment, 251, 112056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.112056
Fischer, F. J., Maréchaux, I., & Chave, J. (2019). Improving plant allometry by fusing forest models and remote sensing. New Phytologist, 223(3), 1159–1165. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15810
Goodman, R. C., Phillips, O. L., & Baker, T. R. (2014). The importance of crown dimensions to improve tropical tree biomass estimates. Ecological Applications, 24(4), 680–689.
Gorgens, E. B., Nunes, M. H., Jackson, T., Coomes, D., Keller, M., Reis, C. R., Valbuena, R., Rosette, J., Almeida, D. R. A. d., Gimenez, B., Cantinho, R., Motta, A. Z., Assis, M., Pereira, F. R. d. S., Spanner, G., Higuchi, N., & Ometto, J. P. (2021). Resource availability and disturbance shape maximum tree height across the Amazon. Global Change Biology, 27(1), 177–189. https://doi.org/10.1111/GCB.15423
Hulshof, C. M., Swenson, N. G., & Weiser, M. D. (2015). Tree height–diameter allometry across the United States. Ecology and Evolution, 5(6), 1193–1204. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1328
Jin, Y., & Qian, H. (2019). V.PhyloMaker: An R package that can generate very large phylogenies for vascular plants. Ecography, 42(8), 1353–1359. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.04434
Jucker, T., Bongalov, B., Burslem, D. F. R. P., Nilus, R., Dalponte, M., Lewis, S. L., Phillips, O. L., Qie, L., & Coomes, D. A. (2018). Topography shapes the structure, composition and function of tropical forest landscapes. Ecology Letters, 21, 989–1000. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12964
Jucker, T., Bouriaud, O., & Coomes, D. A. (2015). Crown plasticity enables trees to optimize canopy packing in mixed-species forests. Functional Ecology, 29(8), 1078–1086. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12428
Jucker, T., Caspersen, J., Chave, J., Antin, C., Barbier, N., Bongers, F., Dalponte, M., van Ewijk, K. Y., Forrester, D. I., Haeni, M., Higgins, S. I., Holdaway, R. J., Iida, Y., Lorimer, C., Marshall, P. L., Momo, S., Moncrieff, G. R., Ploton, P., Poorter, L., … Coomes, D. A. (2017). Allometric equations for integrating remote sensing imagery into forest monitoring programs. Global Change Biology, 23(1), 177–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13388
Jucker, T., Hardwick, S. R., Both, S., Elias, D. M. O., Ewers, R. M., Milodowski, D. T., Swinfield, T., & Coomes, D. A. (2018). Canopy structure and topography jointly constrain the microclimate of human-modified tropical landscapes. Global Change Biology, 24(11), 5243–5258. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14415
Kafuti, C., van den Bulcke, J., Beeckman, H., van Acker, J., Hubau, W., de Mil, T., Hatakiwe, H., Djiofack, B., Fayolle, A., Loubota Panzou, G. J., & Bourland, N. (2022). Height-diameter allometric equations of an emergent tree species from The Congo Basin. Forest Ecology and Management, 504, 119822. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FORECO.2021.119822
Larjavaara, M., & Muller-Landau, H. C. (2013). Measuring tree height: A quantitative comparison of two common field methods in a moist tropical forest. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 4(9), 793–801. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12071
Lines, E. R., Zavala, M. A., Purves, D. W., & Coomes, D. A. (2012). Predictable changes in aboveground allometry of trees along gradients of temperature, aridity and competition. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21(10), 1017–1028. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00746.x
Loubota Panzou, G. J., Fayolle, A., Jucker, T., Phillips, O. L., Bohlman, S., Banin, L. F., Lewis, S. L., Affum-Baffoe, K., Alves, L. F., Antin, C., Arets, E., Arroyo, L., Baker, T. R., Barbier, N., Beeckman, H., Berger, U., Bocko, Y. E., Bongers, F., Bowers, S., … Feldpausch, T. R. (2021). Pantropical variability in tree crown allometry. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 30(2), 459–475. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13231
Lutz, J. A., Furniss, T. J., Johnson, D. J., Davies, S. J., Allen, D., Alonso, A., Anderson-Teixeira, K. J., Becker, K. M. L., Andrade, A., Baltzer, J., Blomdahl, E. M., Bourg, N. A., Bunyavejchewin, S., Burslem, D. F. R. P., Cansler, C. A., Fischer, G. A., Fletcher, C., Freund, J. A., Giardina, C., & Germain, S. J. (2018). Global importance of large-diameter trees. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 27, 849–864. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12747
Marconi, S., Graves, S. J., Weinstein, Ben, G., Bohlman, S., & White, E. P. (2021). Estimating individual level plant traits at scale. Ecological Applications, 31(4), e02300. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2300
McDowell, N. G., & Allen, C. D. (2015). Darcy's law predicts widespread forest mortality under climate warming. Nature Climate Change, 5(7), 669–672. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2641
McDowell, N. G., Allen, C. D., Anderson-Teixeira, K., Aukema, B. H., Bond-Lamberty, B., Chini, L., Clark, J. S., Dietze, M., Grossiord, C., Hanbury-Brown, A., Hurtt, G. C., Jackson, R. B., Johnson, D. J., Kueppers, L., Lichstein, J. W., Ogle, K., Poulter, B., Pugh, T. A. M., Seidl, R., … Xu, C. (2020). Pervasive shifts in forest dynamics in a changing world. Science, 368(6494), eaaz9463. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaz9463
Moncrieff, G. R., Chamaillé-Jammes, S., Higgins, S. I., O'Hara, R. B., & Bond, W. J. (2011). Tree allometries reflect a lifetime of herbivory in an African savanna. Ecology, 92(12), 2310–2315. https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0230.1
Muller-Landau, H. C., Condit, R. S., Chave, J., Thomas, S. C., Bohlman, S. A., Bunyavejchewin, S., Davies, S., Foster, R., Gunatilleke, S., Gunatilleke, N., Harms, K. E., Hart, T., Hubbell, S. P., Itoh, A., Kassim, A. R., LaFrankie, J. V., Lee, H. S., Losos, E., Makana, J.-R., … Ashton, P. (2006). Testing metabolic ecology theory for allometric scaling of tree size, growth and mortality in tropical forests. Ecology Letters, 9(5), 575–588. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00904.x
Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V., Underwood, E. C., D'Amico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., Loucks, C. J., Allnutt, T. F., Ricketts, T. H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J. F., Wettengel, W. W., Hedao, P., & Kassem, K. R. (2001). Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: A new map of life on earth. Bioscience, 51(11), 933–938. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2
Olson, M. E., Soriano, D., Rosell, J. A., Anfodillo, T., Donoghue, M. J., Edwards, E. J., León-Gómez, C., Dawson, T., Martínez, J. J. C., Castorena, M., Echeverría, A., Espinosa, C. I., Fajardo, A., Gazol, A., Isnard, S., Lima, R. S., Marcati, C. R., & Méndez-Alonzo, R. (2018). Plant height and hydraulic vulnerability to drought and cold. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(29), 7551–7556. https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.1721728115
Paul, K. I., Roxburgh, S. H., Chave, J., England, J. R., Zerihun, A., Specht, A., Lewis, T., Bennett, L. T., Baker, T. G., Adams, M. A., Huxtable, D., Montagu, K. D., Falster, D. S., Feller, M., Sochacki, S., Ritson, P., Bastin, G., Bartle, J., Wildy, D., … Sinclair, J. (2016). Testing the generality of above-ground biomass allometry across plant functional types at the continent scale. Global Change Biology, 22, 2106–2124. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13201
Ploton, P., Barbier, N., Momo, S. T., Réjou-Méchain, M., Boyemba Bosela, F., Chuyong, G., Dauby, G., Droissart, V., Fayolle, A., Goodman, R. C., Henry, M., Kamdem, N. G., Katembo Mukirania, J., Kenfack, D., Libalah, M., Ngomanda, A., Rossi, V., Sonké, B., Texier, N., … Pélissier, R. (2016). Closing a gap in tropical forest biomass estimation: Accounting for crown mass variation in pantropical allometries. Biogeosciences, 13, 1571–1585. https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-19711-2015
Purves, D. W., Lichstein, J. W., & Pacala, S. W. (2007). Crown plasticity and competition for canopy space: A new spatially implicit model parameterized for 250 north American tree species. PLoS One, 2(9), e870. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000870
R Core Development Team. (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
Rifai, S. W., de Kauwe, M. G., Ukkola, A. M., Cernusak, L. A., Meir, P., Medlyn, B. E., & Pitman, A. J. (2022). Thirty-eight years of CO2 fertilization has outpaced growing aridity to drive greening of Australian woody ecosystems. Biogeosciences, 19(2), 491–515. https://doi.org/10.5194/BG-19-491-2022
Scheffer, M., Xu, C., Hantson, S., Holmgren, M., Los, S. O., & van Nes, E. H. (2018). A global climate niche for giant trees. Global Change Biology, 24(March), 2875–2883. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14167
Shenkin, A., Bentley, L. P., Oliveras, I., Salinas, N., Adu-Bredu, S., Marimon-Junior, B. H., Marimon, B. S., Peprah, T., Choque, E. L., Trujillo Rodriguez, L., Clemente Arenas, E. R., Adonteng, C., Seidu, J., Passos, F. B., Reis, S. M., Blonder, B., Silman, M., Enquist, B. J., Asner, G. P., & Malhi, Y. (2020). The influence of ecosystem and phylogeny on tropical tree crown size and shape. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 3, 109. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2020.501757
Slik, J. W. F., Paoli, G., Mcguire, K., Amaral, I., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Blanc, L., Bongers, F., Boundja, P., Clark, C., Collins, M., Dauby, G., Ding, Y., Doucet, J. L., Eler, E., Ferreira, L., Forshed, O., Fredriksson, G., Gillet, J. F., … Zweifel, N. (2013). Large trees drive forest aboveground biomass variation in moist lowland forests across the tropics. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 22(12), 1261–1271. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12092
Smith, S. A., & Brown, J. W. (2018). Constructing a broadly inclusive seed plant phylogeny. American Journal of Botany, 105(3), 302–314. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1019
Stovall, A. E. L., Shugart, H., & Yang, X. (2019). Tree height explains mortality risk during an intense drought. Nature Communications, 10(1), 1–6 10.1038/s41467-019-12380-6
Taubert, F., Jahn, M. W., Dobner, H.-J., Wiegand, T., & Huth, A. (2015). The structure of tropical forests and sphere packings. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(49), 15125–15129. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1513417112
Trabucco, A., & Zomer, R. (2019). Global Aridity Index and potential Evapotranspiration (ET0) climate database. Figshare. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7504448.v3
Verbeeck, H., Bauters, M., Jackson, T., Shenkin, A., Disney, M., & Calders, K. (2019). Time for a plant structural economics spectrum. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 2, 43. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2019.00043
Vermeulen, P. J. (2014). Crown depth as a result of evolutionary games: Decreasing solar angle should lead to shallower, not deeper crowns. New Phytologist, 202(4), 1249–1256. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12729
Vieilledent, G., Vaudry, R., Andriamanohisoa, S. F. D., Rakotonarivo, O. S., Randrianasolo, H. Z., Razafindrabe, H. N., Bidaud Rakotoarivony, C., Ebeling, J., & Rasamoelina, M. (2012). A universal approach to estimate biomass and carbon stock in tropical forests using generic allometric models. Ecological Applications, 22(2), 572–583. https://doi.org/10.1890/11-0039.1
West, G. B., Enquist, B. J., & Brown, J. H. (2009). A general quantitative theory of forest structure and dynamics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(17), 7040–7045. https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.0812294106
Zhang, J., Nielsen, S. E., Mao, L., Chen, S., & Svenning, J.-C. (2016). Regional and historical factors supplement current climate in shaping global forest canopy height. Journal of Ecology, 104, 469–478. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12510
Zizka, A., Silvestro, D., Andermann, T., Azevedo, J., Duarte Ritter, C., Edler, D., Farooq, H., Herdean, A., Ariza, M., Scharn, R., Svantesson, S., Wengström, N., Zizka, V., & Antonelli, A. (2019). CoordinateCleaner: Standardized cleaning of occurrence records from biological collection databases. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 10(5), 744–751. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13152