[en] A major quest in Mars' exploration has been the hunt for atmospheric gases, potentially unveiling ongoing activity of geophysical or biological origin. Here, we report the first detection of a halogen gas, HCl, which could, in theory, originate from contemporary volcanic degassing or chlorine released from gas-solid reactions. Our detections made at ~3.2 to 3.8 μm with the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite and confirmed with Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery instruments onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, reveal widely distributed HCl in the 1- to 4-ppbv range, 20 times greater than previously reported upper limits. HCl increased during the 2018 global dust storm and declined soon after its end, pointing to the exchange between the dust and the atmosphere. Understanding the origin and variability of HCl shall constitute a major advance in our appraisal of martian geo- and photochemistry.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Korablev, Oleg ; Space Research Institute (IKI), Moscow, Russia. korab@iki.rssi.ru
Olsen, Kevin S ; Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Trokhimovskiy, Alexander ; Space Research Institute (IKI), Moscow, Russia
Ivanov, Yury S; Main Astronomical Observatory (MAO NASU), Kyiv, Ukraine
Aoki, Shohei ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Labo de physique atmosphérique et planétaire (LPAP) ; Royal Belgian Institute of Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Thomas, Ian R ; Royal Belgian Institute of Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Daerden, Frank ; Royal Belgian Institute of Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Ristic, Bojan ; Royal Belgian Institute of Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Erwin, Justin T ; Royal Belgian Institute of Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
Patel, Manish ; Open University, Milton-Keynes, UK
Bellucci, Giancarlo ; Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS-INAF), Rome, Italy
Lopez-Moreno, Jose-Juan ; Instituto de Astrofìsica de Andalucía (IAA/CSIC), Granada, Spain
Vandaele, Ann C ; Royal Belgian Institute of Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium
NSERC - Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council ESA - European Space Agency ANR - Agence Nationale de la Recherche CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales RSF - Russian Science Foundation UK Space Agency State Space Corporation ROSCOSMOS MICINN - Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion ASI - Italian Space Agency Russian Federation. Ministry of Education and Science UK Space Agency BELSPO - Belgian Science Policy Office
Funding text :
The ACS project acknowledges funding by Roscosmos and CNES. The science operations of ACS are funded by Roscosmos and ESA. IKI affiliates acknowledge funding from the Russian Science Foundation (RSF-ANR 20-42-09035) (data analysis and interpretation). University of Oxford affiliates acknowledge funding from the UK Space Agency (ST/T002069/1 and ST/R001502/1), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) (PDF-516895-2018), and CNES. LATMOS affiliates acknowledge funding from CNES and ANR (PRCI, CE31 AAPG2019-MCUBE project). The NOMAD Team acknowledges funding by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), with the financial and contractual coordination by the ESA Prodex Office (PEA 4000103401 and 4000121493), by the Spanish MICINN through its Plan Nacional and by the European funds (grants PGC2018-101836-B-I00 and ESP2017-87143-R) (MINECO/FEDER), by the UK Space Agency (grants ST/R005761/1, ST/P001262/1, ST/ R001405/1, and ST/S00145X/1), by the Italian Space Agency (grant 2018-2-HH.0. S), and by the Spanish Science Ministry Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Program (grant SEV-2017-0709). S.A. acknowledges funding from the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS).
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