[en] Comprehensive multidimensional chromatography (GC × GC) has burst the separation capabilities of the classical monodimensional GC. Along with the enhanced separation power, the layers of information that can be extracted from a two-dimensional (2D) plot are significantly increased leading the handling of such complex datasets towards the metabolomics approach. To maximize the output of such a powerful combination, the sample preparation step plays an essential role. This chapter aims to give a detailed overview of the sample preparation techniques used to cover a broad range of volatiles for untargeted GC × GC analysis of odourants. A theoretical insight within the different techniques used will be given, covering both static and dynamic extraction methods with particular emphasis to green sample preparation techniques. Static methods include static headspace (SHS), HS-solid-phase microextraction (SPME), HS sorptive extraction (HSSE), while, dynamic methods include dynamic HS (DHS) using thermal desorption tubes (TDT).
Disciplines :
Chimie Sciences des denrées alimentaires
Auteur, co-auteur :
Franchina, Flavio ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de chimie (sciences) > Chimie analytique, organique et biologique ; Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
Purcaro, Giorgia ; Université de Liège - ULiège > TERRA Research Centre > Chimie des agro-biosystèmes
Langue du document :
Anglais
Titre :
Sample preparation strategies for comprehensive volatile fingerprinting
Date de publication/diffusion :
2022
Titre de l'ouvrage principal :
Characterization of Odorant Patterns by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
Halket, J.M., Waterman, D., Przyborowska, A.M., Patel, R.K.P., Fraser, P.D., Bramley, P.M., Chemical derivatization and mass spectral libraries in metabolic profiling by GC/MS and LC/MS/MS. J. Exp. Bot. 56 (2005), 219–243.
Bicchi, C., Cordero, C., Rubiolo, P., A survey on high-concentration-capability headspace sampling techniques in the analysis of flavors and fragrances. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 42 (2004), 402–409.
Arthur, C.L., Pawliszyn, J., Solid phase microextraction with thermal desorption using fused silica optical fibers. Anal. Chem. 62 (1990), 2145–2148.
Baltussen, E., Sandra, P., David, F., Cramers, C., Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), a novel extraction technique for aqueous samples: theory and principles. J. Microcolumn Sep. 11 (1999), 737–747.
Tienpont, B., David, F., Bicchi, C., Sandra, P., High capacity headspace sorptive extraction. J. Microcolumn Sep. 12 (2000), 577–584.
Bicchi, C., Cordero, C., Iori, C., Rubiolo, P., Sandra, P., Headspace sorptive extraction (HSSE) in the headspace analysis of aromatic and medicinal plants. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 23 (2000), 539–546.
Kolb, B., Ettre, L.S., Static Headspace–Gas Chromatography. second ed., 2006, John Wiley & Son, Hoboken, NJ 0471749443.
Pawliszyn, J., Handbook of Solid-Phase Microextraction. 2012, Elsevier Inc. 9780124160170.
Kataoka, H., Lord, H.L., Pawliszyn, J., Applications of solid-phase microextraction in food analysis. J. Chromatogr. A 880 (2000), 35–62.
Zhang, Z., Pawliszyn, J., Quantitative extraction using an internally cooled solid phase microextraction device. Anal. Chem. 67 (1995), 34–43.
Stilo, F., Cordero, C., Sgorbini, B., Bicchi, C., Liberto, E., Highly informative fingerprinting of extra-virgin olive oil volatiles: the role of high concentration-capacity sampling in combination with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. Separations, 6, 2019.
Mascrez, S., Purcaro, G., Enhancement of volatile profiling using multiple-cumulative trapping solid-phase microextraction. Consideration on sample volume. Anal. Chim. Acta 1122 (2020), 89–96.
Mascrez, S., Purcaro, G., Exploring multiple-cumulative trapping solid-phase microextraction for olive oil aroma profiling. J. Sep. Sci. 43 (2020), 1934–1941.
Psillakis, E., Vacuum-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction: a tutorial review. Anal. Chim. Acta 986 (2017), 12–24.
Brunton, N.P., Cronin, D.A., Monahan, F.J., The effects of temperature and pressure on the performance of carboxen/PDMS fibres during solid phase microextraction (SPME) of headspace volatiles from cooked and raw turkey breast. Flavour Fragr. J. 16 (2001), 294–302.
Darrouzès, J., Bueno, M., Pécheyran, C., Holeman, M., Potin-Gautier, M., New approach of solid-phase microextraction improving the extraction yield of butyl and phenyltin compounds by combining the effects of pressure and type of agitation. J. Chromatogr. A 1072 (2005), 19–27.
Psillakis, E., Yiantzi, E., Sanchez-Prado, L., Kalogerakis, N., Vacuum-assisted headspace solid phase microextraction: improved extraction of semivolatiles by non-equilibrium headspace sampling under reduced pressure conditions. Anal. Chim. Acta 742 (2012), 30–36.
Psillakis, E., Mousouraki, A., Yiantzi, E., Kalogerakis, N., Effect of Henry's law constant and operating parameters on vacuum-assisted headspace solid phase microextraction. J. Chromatogr. A 1244 (2012), 55–60.
Psillakis, E., Yiantzi, E., Kalogerakis, N., Downsizing vacuum-assisted headspace solid phase microextraction. J. Chromatogr. A 1300 (2013), 119–126.
Yiantzi, E., Kalogerakis, N., Psillakis, E., Vacuum-assisted headspace solid phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in solid samples. Anal. Chim. Acta 890 (2015), 108–116.
Yiantzi, E., Kalogerakis, N., Psillakis, E., Design and testing of a new sampler for simplified vacuum-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction. Anal. Chim. Acta 927 (2016), 46–54.
Glykioti, M.L., Yiantzi, E., Psillakis, E., Room temperature determination of earthy-musty odor compounds in water using vacuum-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction. Anal. Methods 8 (2016), 8065–8071.
Trujillo-Rodríguez, M.J., Pino, V., Psillakis, E., Anderson, J.L., Ayala, J.H., Yiantzi, E., Afonso, A.M., Vacuum-assisted headspace-solid phase microextraction for determining volatile free fatty acids and phenols. Investigations on the effect of pressure on competitive adsorption phenomena in a multicomponent system. Anal. Chim. Acta 962 (2017), 41–51.
Orazbayeva, D., Kenessov, B., Psillakis, E., Nassyrova, D., Bektassov, M., Determination of transformation products of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine in water using vacuum-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction. J. Chromatogr. A 1555 (2018), 30–36.
Zhakupbekova, A., Baimatova, N., Kenessov, B., A critical review of vacuum-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction for environmental analysis. Trends Environ. Anal. Chem., 22, 2019.
Mascrez, S., Psillakis, E., Purcaro, G., A multifaceted investigation on the effect of vacuum on the headspace solid-phase microextraction of extra-virgin olive oil. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1103, 2020.
Wilke, C.R., Chang, P., Correlation of diffusion coefficients in dilute solutions. AIChE J. 1 (1955), 264–270.
Liberto, E., Bicchi, C., Cagliero, C., Cordero, C., Rubiolo, P., Sgorbini, B., Chapter 1: Headspace sampling: An “evergreen” method in constant evolution to characterize food flavors through their volatile fraction. Tranchida, P.Q., (eds.) Food Chemistry, Function and Analysis, vol. 2020, 2020, The Royal Society of Chemistry, 3–37.
Kremser, A., Jochmann, M.A., Schmidt, T.C., Systematic comparison of static and dynamic headspace sampling techniques for gas chromatography. Anal. Bioanal. Chem, 2016.
Thermal desorption part 1: Introduction and instrumentation. Anal. Methods, 2020.
Baltussen, H.A., New Concepts in Sorption Based Sample Preparation for Chromatography. 2000, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Dettmer, K., Engewald, W., Adsorbent materials commonly used in air analysis for adsorptive enrichment and thermal desorption of volatile organic compounds. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2002.
Dettmer, K., Engewald, W., Ambient air analysis of volatile organic compounds using adsorptive enrichment. Proc. Chromatogr., 2003.
Woolfenden, E., Sorbent-based sampling methods for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in air. Part 2. Sorbent selection and other aspects of optimizing air monitoring methods. J. Chromatogr. A 1217 (2010), 2685–2694.
Ochiai, N., Tsunokawa, J., Sasamoto, K., Hoffmann, A., Multi-volatile method for aroma analysis using sequential dynamic headspace sampling with an application to brewed coffee. J. Chromatogr. A 1371 (2014), 65–73.
Liberto, E., Cagliero, C., Cordero, C., Rubiolo, P., Bicchi, C., Sgorbini, B., Fractionated dynamic headspace sampling in the analysis of matrices of vegetable origin in the food field. J. Chromatogr. A 1489 (2017), 18–28.
Potgieter, N., Analysis of Beer Aroma Using Purge-and-Trap Sampling and Gas Chromatography. 2006, University of Pretoria.
Franchina, F.A., Zanella, D., Lazzari, E., Stefanuto, P.H., Focant, J.F., Investigating aroma diversity combining purge-and-trap, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry. J. Sep. Sci. 43 (2020), 1790–1799.
Franchina, F.A., Zanella, D., Dubois, L.M., Focant, J.F., The role of sample preparation in multidimensional gas chromatographic separations for non-targeted analysis with the focus on recent biomedical, food, and plant applications. J. Sep. Sci., 2020 jssc.202000855.
Franchina, F.A., Zanella, D., Dejong, T., Focant, J.F., Impact of the adsorbent material on volatile metabolites during in vitro and in vivo bio-sampling. Talanta, 222, 2021, 121569.
Franchina, F.A., Purcaro, G., Burklund, A., Beccaria, M., Hill, J.E., Evaluation of different adsorbent materials for the untargeted and targeted bacterial VOC analysis using GC × GC-MS. Anal. Chim. Acta 1066 (2019), 146–153.
Novaes, F.J.M., daSilva Junior, A.I., Kulsing, C., Nolvachai, Y., Bizzo, H.R., deAquino Neto, F.R., Rezende, C.M., Marriott, P.J., New approaches to monitor semi-volatile organic compounds released during coffee roasting using flow-through/active sampling and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. Food Res. Int. 119 (2019), 349–358.
