Shanley E Kissenberth MJ Thigpen CA, et al. Preseason shoulder range of motion screening as a predictor of injury among youth and adolescent baseball pitchers. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2015; 24: 1005–1013.
Cools AM Johansson FR Borms D, et al. Prevention of shoulder injuries in overhead athletes: a science-based approach. Braz J Phys Ther 2015; 19: 331–339.
Cools AM Palmans T Johansson FR. Age-related, sport-specific adaptions of the shoulder girdle in elite adolescent tennis players. J Athl Train 2014; 49: 647–653.
Forthomme B Crielaard JM Forthomme L, et al. Field performance of javelin throwers: relationship with isokinetic findings. Isokinet Exerc Sci 2007; 15: 195–202.
Borms D Cools A. Upper-extremity functional performance tests: reference values for overhead athletes. Int J Sports Med 2018; 39: 433–441.
Cools AM Maenhout AG Vanderstukken F, et al. The challenge of the sporting shoulder: from injury prevention through sport-specific rehabilitation toward return to play. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2021; 64: 101384.
Westrick RB Miller JM Carow SD, et al. Exploration of the y-balance test for assessment of upper quarter closed kinetic chain performance. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2012; 7: 139–147.
Gorman PP Butler RJ Plisky PJ, et al. Upper quarter Y balance test J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26: 3043–3048.
Harris C Wattles AP DeBeliso M, et al. The seated medicine ball throw as a test of upper body power in older adults. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25: 2344–2348.
Roush JR Kitamura J Waits MC. Reference values for the closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST) for collegiate baseball players. N Am J Sports Phys Ther 2007; 2: 159–163.
Ashworth B Hogben P Singh N, et al. The athletic shoulder (ASH) test: reliability of a novel upper body isometric strength test in elite rugby players. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4: e000365.
Moore SD Uhl TL Kibler BW. Improvements in shoulder endurance following a baseball-specific strengthening program in high school baseball players. Sports Health 2013; 5: 233–238.
Decleve P Attar T Benameur T, et al. The “upper limb rotation test”: reliability and validity study of a new upper extremity physical performance test Phys Ther Sport 2020; 42: 118–123.
Diamond IR Grant RC Feldman BM, et al. Defining consensus: a systematic review recommends methodologic criteria for reporting of Delphi studies. J Clin Epidemiol 2014; 67: 401–409.
Hasson F Keeney S McKenna H. Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. J Adv Nurs 2000; 32: 1008–1015.
Evans NA Dressler E Uhl T. An electromyography study of muscular endurance during the posterior shoulder endurance test. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2018; 41: 132–138.
Declève P Van Cant J Attar T, et al. The shoulder endurance test (SET): a reliability and validity and comparison study on healthy overhead athletes and sedentary adults. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 47: 201–207.
Wagner H Pfusterschmied J Tilp M, et al. Upper-body kinematics in team-handball throw, tennis serve, and volleyball spike. Scand J Med Sci Sport 2014; 24: 345–354.
Kovacs M Ellenbecker T. An 8-stage model for evaluating the tennis serve: implications for performance enhancement and injury prevention. Sports Health 2011; 3: 504–513.
Borms D Maenhout A Cools AM. Upper quadrant field tests and isokinetic upper limb strength in overhead athletes. J Athl Train 2016; 51: 789–796.
Falsone SA Gross MT Guskiewicz KM, et al. One-arm hop test: reliability and effects of arm dominance. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2002; 32: 98–103.
Negrete RJ Hanney WJ Kolber MJ, et al. Can upper extremity functional tests predict the softball throw for distance: a predictive validity investigation. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2011; 6: 104–111.
Zalleg D Dhahbi AB Dhahbi W, et al. Explosive push-ups: from popular simple exercises to valid tests for upper-body power. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34: 2877–2885.
Olds M Coulter C Marrant D, et al. Reliability of a shoulder arm return to sport test battery. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 39: 16–22.
Butler R Arms J Reiman M, et al. Sex differences in dynamic closed kinetic chain upper quarter function in collegiate swimmers. J Athl Train 2014; 49: 442–446.
Goldbeck TG Davies GJ. Test-Retest reliability of the closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test: a clinical field test J Sport Rehabil 2000; 9: 35–45.
Pontillo M Spinelli B Sennett B. Prediction of in-season shoulder injury from preseason testing in division I collegiate football players. Sports Health 2014; 6: 497–503.
Declève P Van Cant J Cools AM. Reliability of the modified CKCUEST and correlation with shoulder strength in adolescent basketball and volleyball players. Brazilian J Phys Ther 2021; 25: 536–543.
Negrete RJ Hanney WJ Kolber MJ, et al. Reliability, minimal detectable change, and normative values for tests of upper extremity function and power. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24: 3318–3325.
Mayhew JL Bemben MG Rohrs DM. Seated shot put as a measure of upper body power in adolescent wrestlers. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2016; 4: 78–84.
Bohannon N Gillen Z Shoemaker M, et al. Test-Retest reliability of static and countermovement power push-up tests in young male athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34: 2456–2464.
Powell A Levy E Heneghan N, et al. Intra-rater reliability, inter-rater reliability and minimal detectable change of the posterior shoulder endurance test in elite athletes. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 49: 62–67.
