Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Disabled Persons; Environmental Exposure; Female; Global Burden of Disease; Global Health; Health Risk Behaviors; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Life Expectancy; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Middle Aged; Occupational Diseases; Occupational Exposure; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Risk Assessment; Sex Distribution; Socioeconomic Factors; Young Adult; Medicine (all); General Medicine
Abstract :
[en] Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk- outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017.
Disciplines :
Neurology
Author, co-author :
Stanaway, Jeffrey D.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, United States
Afshin, Ashkan; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, United States
Gakidou, Emmanuela; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, United States
Lim, Stephen S.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, United States
Abate, Degu; Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Department of Population and Family Health, United States
Abbafati, Cristiana; Ethiopia Department of Law Philosophy and Economic Studies, Jimma University, Jimma, Rome, Italy
Abbasi, Nooshin; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, United States ; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, United States ; Iran Montreal Neuroimaging Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abbastabar, Hedayat; Department of Health, United States
Abd-Allah, Foad; Canada, Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Abdela, Jemal; School of Pharmacy, United States
Abdelalim, Ahmed; Department of Medical Parasitology, Canada
Abdollahpour, Ibrahim; Egypt, Department of Epidemiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Arak, Egypt ; Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran, Iran
Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Department of Statistics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
Abebe, Molla; Department of Clinical Chemistry, India
Abebe, Zegeye; Human Nutrition Department, United States
Abera, Semaw F.; Ethiopia, School of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia ; Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
Abil, Olifan Zewdie; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, United States ; Ethiopia School of Public Health, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ondo, Nigeria
Abraha, Haftom Niguse; Clinical Pharmacy Unit, United States
Abrham, Aklilu Roba; Department of Pediatrics, United States
Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal; Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.E.; Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou; Depártment of Epidemiology, United States ; Bénin Clinical Research Institute (IRCB), Benin
Acharya, Dilaram; Department of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, South Korea ; Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu University, Devdaha, Nepal
Acharya, Pawan; Nepal Development Society, Pokhara, Nepal
Adamu, Abdu A; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, United States ; Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Adane, Akilew Awoke; Institute Public of Health, United States ; Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
Adebayo, Oladimeji M.; University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji; Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-ife, Nigeria
Adekanmbi, Victor; Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
Ademi, Zanfina; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, United States
Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, United States ; Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Adib, Mina G.; Australia Emergency Department, Monash University, Saint Mark Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
Admasie, Amha; Department of Information and Internet Technologies, I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Adsuar, Jose C.; Ethiopia Sport Science Department, Wolaita Sodo University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko; Department of Public Health, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo ; Health of the Zio, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Tsevie, Togo
Afarideh, Mohsen; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, United States
Agarwal, Gina; Department of Family Medicine, United States
Aggarwal, Anju; Department of Epidemiology, United States
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Ahmadieh, Hamid; Iran Department of Ophthalmology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran ; Ophthalmic Research Center, United States
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Aichour, Amani Nidhal; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Aichour, Ibtihel; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Akseer, Nadia; Hospital for Sick Children, United States
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Alam, Khurshid; School of Global Health, United States
Alam, Samiah; University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
Alam, Tahiya; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Alashi, Alaa; Cleveland Clinic, Dalhousie University, Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland, United States
Alavian, Seyed Moayed; Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Iran
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Ali, Komal; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
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Alijanzadeh, Mehran; Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza; Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, United States
Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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Alla, François; Institute of Public Health, United States
Alsharif, Ubai; Charité University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Altirkawi, Khalid; King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France ; Research Group on Health Economics, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia ; Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, University of Coast, Barranquilla, Colombia
Amare, Azmeraw T.; Sansom Institute, Australia
Ammar, Walid; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia Bahir Dar University, Adelaide, Australia ; Federal Ministry of Health, Beirut, Lebanon ; Faculty of Health Sciences, United States
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Anderson, Jason A.; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Androudi, Sofia; University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
Animut, Megbaru Debalkie; Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Anjomshoa, Mina; Department of Health Management and Economics, United States ; Social of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
Ansha, Mustafa Geleto; Madrid, Spain
Antó, Josep M.; Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Department of Health Policy and Administration, United States ; Philippines, Department of Applied Social Sciences, University of Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
Anwari, Palwasha; Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China Independent Consultant, Kabul, Afghanistan
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Arabloo, Jalal; Health Management and Economics Research Center, United States
Aremu, Olatunde; School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom ; Department of Neurobiology, United States
Ärnlöv, Johan; Karolinska Institutet, School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Stockholm, Sweden
Artaman, Al; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
Aryal, Krishna K.; Monitoring Evaluation and Operational Research Project, Abt Inc. Nepal, Lalitpur, Nepal
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Ausloos, Marcel; School of Business, United States
Avokpaho, Euripide F.G.A.; Cotonou, Benin ; Laboratory of Studies and Research-Action in Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala; Judith Lumley Centre, Australia ; Australia, General Office for Research and Technological Transfer, Peruvian National Institute of Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
Ayer, Rakesh; Department of Community and Global Health, United States
Ayuk, Tambe B.; Japan, Centre for Food and Nutrition Research, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ; Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
Azzopardi, Peter S.; Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit, Australia ; Global Adolescent Health Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
Babazadeh, Arefeh; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Babol, Iran
Badali, Hamid; Department of Medical Mycology, United States
Badawi, Alaa; Department of Nutritional Sciences, United States ; Public Health Risk Sciences Division, United States
Balakrishnan, Kalpana; Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Canada Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Public Health Agency of Canada, Chennai, India
Bali, Ayele Geleto; School of Public Health, United States
Ball, Kylie; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Syrian Arab Republic
Ballew, Shoshana H.; Australia Department of Epidemiology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
Banach, Maciej; Department of Hypertension, Johns Hopkins University, Lodz, Poland ; Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar; Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt ; Department of Transplant Services, University Hospital Foundation Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
Barac, Aleksandra; Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Belgrade, Serbia ; Faculty of Medicine, United States
Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; School of Psychology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Bärnighausen, Till Winfried; University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand ; Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
Barrero, Lope H; Department of Industrial Engineering, Pontifical Javeriana University, Bogota, Colombia
Basu, Sanjay; Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Baune, Bernhard T; Melbourne Medical School, Stanford University, Melbourne, Australia
Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad; Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, United States ; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
Bedi, Neeraj; Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia ; Gandhi Medical College Bhopal, Bhopal, India
Beghi, Ettore; Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria
Behzadifar, Masoud; Health Management and Economics Research Center, United States ; Social Determinants of Health Center, United States
Behzadifar, Meysam; Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
Béjot, Yannick; University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France ; University of Burgundy, Dijon Stroke Registry - Ufr Sciences Santé, Dijon, France
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Bekru, Eyasu Tamru; College of Health Science and Medicine, United States
Belay, Yihalem Abebe; Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
Bell, Michelle L; School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, United States
Bello, Aminu K; Yale University, Edmonton, Canada
Bennett, Derrick A; Nuffield Department of Population Health, United Kingdom
Bensenor, Isabela M; Central Research Institute of Cytology and Genetics, United States
Bergeron, Gilles; Sackler Institute for Nutrition Science, University of Sao Paulo, United States
Berhane, Adugnaw; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
Bernabe, Eduardo; Dental Institute, United States
Bernstein, Robert S; Hubert Department of Global Health, King's College London, Emory University, Atlanta, United States ; University of South Florida, Tampa, United States
Beuran, Mircea; Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Romania
Beyranvand, Tina; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Bhala, Neeraj; Institutes of Applied Health Research and Translational Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom ; University of Birmingham, IAHR/ITM, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Bhalla, Ashish; Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health (FRIHOI), Russian Federation
Bhattarai, Suraj; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom ; Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Patan, Nepal
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Canada ; Center for Excellence in Women and Child Health, United States
Biadgo, Belete; Department of Clinical Chemistry, India
Bijani, Ali; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
Bikbov, Boris; Department of Renal Medicine, United States
Bilano, Ver; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, United States
Bililign, Nigus; Imperial College London, UWoldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australia ; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Ramna, Bangladesh
Bisanzio, Donal; Research Triangle Institute International, Global Health Division, United States ; University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Biswas, Tuhin; A T Still University, Brisbane, Australia
Bjorge, Tone; Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, United States ; Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
Blacker, Brigette F; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Bleyer, Archie; Oregon Health and Science University, Radiation Medicine, Portland, United States ; Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Borschmann, Rohan; Centre for Adolescent Health, University of Texas, Houston, United States ; School of Population and Global Health, United States
Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R; Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
Boufous, Soufiane; Transport and Road Safety Research, Australia
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Brazinova, Alexandra; Institute of Epidemiology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero; Center for Health Systems Research, United States
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Cárdenas, Rosario; Department of Population and Health, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
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Carvalho, Félix; School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia ; Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, United States
Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A; University of Porto, Porto, Portugal ; Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, National Institute of Health, Bogota, Colombia
Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo; Costa Rican Department of Social Security, National University of Colombia, Area de Estadística, San Jose, Costa Rica ; School of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
Castro, Franz; Department of Research and Health Technology Assessment, United States
Catalá-López, Ferrán; Department of Health Planning and Economics, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Causey, Kate; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Cercy, Kelly M; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Cerin, Ester; Mary Mackillop Institute for Health Research, Australia ; Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
Chaiah, Yazan; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chang, Jung-Chen; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chattopadhyay, Aparajita; Department of Development Studies, United States
Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Faculty of Medical Sciences, United States ; University of West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago
Chee, Miao Li; Department of Statistics, United States
Cheng, Ching-Yu; Ocular Epidemiology Research Group, United States ; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
Chew, Adrienne; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel; Institute of Industrial Ecological Science, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
Chin, Ken Lee; Department Preventive Medicine, United States
Chitheer, Abdulaal; Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
Choi, Jee-Young J; Seoul National University Hospital, Biochemistry, Biomedical Science, Seoul, South Korea
Chowdhury, Rajiv; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Christensen, Hanne; Institute of Clinical Medicine and Bispebjerg Hospital, United States ; Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC), United States
Christopher, Devasahayam J; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ; Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, United States
Chung, Sheng-Chia; Department of Health Informatics, United States ; Health Data Research UK, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Cicuttini, Flavia M; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, United States
Cirillo, Massimo; Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
Cohen, Aaron J; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; Health Effects Institute, Boston, United States
Collado-Mateo, Daniel; University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain ; Faculty of Education, United States
Cooper, Cyrus; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Autonomous University of Chile, Talca, Chile ; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
Cooper, Owen R; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States ; Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), United States
Coresh, Josef; Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
Cornaby, Leslie; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Cortesi, Paolo Angelo; School of Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
Cortinovis, Monica; Department of Oncology, United States
Costa, Megan; T Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States ; Atlanta, United States
Cousin, Ewerton; Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, United States
Criqui, Michael H; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Cromwell, Elizabeth A; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, United States
Cundiff, David K; Internal Medicine Department, University of California San Diego, Los Angeles, United States
Daba, Alemneh Kabeta; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United States
Dachew, Berihun Assefa; Institute Public of Health, United States ; Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
Dadi, Abel Fekadu; Institute Public of Health, United States ; Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura; Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
Dandona, Lalit; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Dandona, Rakhi; Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
Darby, Sarah C; Nuffield Department of Population Health, United Kingdom
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Neves, José Das; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, United States ; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (I3S), Portugal
Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye; School of Nursing and Midwifery, United States
Dash, Aditya Prasad; BRAC University, Thiruvarur, India
Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil; Department of General Surgery, United States ; Department of Surgery, Clinical Emergency Hospital Sf Pantelimon, Bucharest, Romania
Davletov, Kairat; Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
De La Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa; Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research, United States
La Hoz, Fernando Pio De; Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
Leo, Diego De; Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Australia
Neve, Jan-Walter De; University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Degenhardt, Louisa; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Australia
Deiparine, Selina; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Dellavalle, Robert P; Griffith University, Aurora, United States ; US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Dermatology Service, United States ; Denver, United States
Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam; Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, United States ; Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar; Center for Nutrition and Health Research, United States
Deribe, Kebede; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States ; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Department of Global Health and Infection, Aksum University, Brighton, United Kingdom
Dervenis, Nikolaos; National Health Service Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom ; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Deshpande, Aniruddha; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Jarlais, Don C Des; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
Dessie, Getenet Ayalew; Department of Nursing, United States
Deveber, Gabrielle Aline; Centre for Global Child Health, United States
Dey, Subhojit; Disha Foundation, Gurgaon, India
Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Dhimal, Meghnath; Health Research Section, United States
Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese; Department of Midwifery, United States
Ding, Eric L; Department of Nutrition, United States
Diro, Helen Derara; College of Health and Medical Sciences, United States
Djalalinia, Shirin
Do, Huyen Phuc; Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Dokova, Klara; Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Organisation, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Doku, David Teye; Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana ; Faculty of Social Sciences, United States
Doyle, Kerrie E; Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
Driscoll, Tim R; Sydney School of Public Health, Australia ; National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), United States
Dubey, Manisha; United Nations World Food Programme, New Delhi, India
Dubljanin, Eleonora; Faculty of Medicine, United States
Duken, Eyasu Ejeta; Mycobacteriology Research Center, United States ; Department of Health Sciences, United States
Duncan, Bruce B; Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, United States
Duraes, Andre R; Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil ; Roberto Santos General Hospital, Salvador, Brazil
Ebert, Natalie; Institute of Public Health, United States
Ebrahimi, Hedyeh; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, United States ; Liver and Pancreaticobilliary Disease Research Center, United States
Ebrahimpour, Soheil; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Babol, Iran
Edvardsson, David; Department of Nursing, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Kartasura, Indonesia ; Department of Nursing, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
Effiong, Andem; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
Eggen, Anne Elise; University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
Bcheraoui, Charbel El; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
El-Khatib, Ziad; Department of Public Health Sciences, United States
Elyazar, Iqbal Rf; Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
Enayati, Ahmadali; Foundation University Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Endries, Aman Yesuf; Public Health Department, Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Er, Benjamin; Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
Erskine, Holly E; Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy ; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Australia
Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Iran
Esteghamati, Alireza; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, United States
Estep, Kara; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Fakhim, Hamed; Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
Faramarzi, Mahbobeh; Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Fareed, Mohammad; College of Medicine, United States
Farid, Talha A; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Louisville, United States
Farinha, Carla Sofia Esá; National Statistical Office, Lisbon, Portugal
Farioli, Andrea; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Faro, Andre; Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil
Farvid, Maryam S; Department of Nutrition, United States
Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein; Department of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, United States ; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Iran
Fatima, Batool; Human Development Programme, United States
Fay, Kairsten A; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Fazaeli, Ali Akbar; Social Determinants of Health Research, United States
Feigin, Valery L; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
Feigl, Andrea B; Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany ; Health Division, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France
Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Montreal Neurological Institute, Canada ; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, United States
Fernandes, Eduarda; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Portugal
Fernandes, Joao C; Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Catholic University of Portugal, Porto, Portugal
Ferrara, Giannina; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Ferrari, Alize J; Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy ; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Australia
Ferreira, Manuela L; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, United States
Filip, Irina; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania ; Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, United States
Finger, Jonas David; Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
Fischer, Florian; Department of Public Health Medicine, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
Foigt, Nataliya A; Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Foreman, Kyle J; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Fukumoto, Takeshi; Gene Expression and Regulation Program, Cancer Institute, Philadelphia, United States ; Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
Fullman, Nancy; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Fürst, Thomas; Epidemiology and Public Health, United States ; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Furtado, Joao M; Division of Ophthalmology, United States
Futran, Neal D; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, United States
Gall, Seana; Staufenberg, Germany ; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
Gallus, Silvano; Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, University Hospital Munich, Social and Environmental Medicine, Munich, Germany
Gamkrelidze, Amiran; Tbilisi, Georgia
Ganji, Morsaleh; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, United States
Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L; Tuberculosis Department, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia ; Manhica Health Research Center, Manhica, Mozambique
Gardner, William M; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Gebre, Abadi Kahsu; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, United States
Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay; Department of Population and Family Health, United States ; Curtin University, Perth, Australia
Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, United States
Geleijnse, Johanna M; Wageningen University and Research, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, Netherlands
Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Gething, Peter W; Nuffield Department of Medicine, United Kingdom
Gezae, Kebede Embaye; Global Health Institute, United States
Ghadimi, Reza; Health Research Institute, United States
Ghadiri, Keyghobad; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Falavarjani, Khalil Ghasemi; Department of Ophthalmology, United States
Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam; Health Research Institute, United States
Ghimire, Mamata; Department of Health Care Policy and Management, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Ghosh, Rakesh; Institute for Global Health Sciences, United States
Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bronchitis Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States ; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fortis Hospital, Kolkata, India
Giampaoli, Simona; Department of Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic and Ageing-associated Diseases, United States ; National Public Health Institute, Texas Tech University, United States
Gill, Paramjit Singh; Unit of Academic Primary Care, United States
Gill, Tiffany K; Adelaide Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
Gillum, Richard F; Department of Community and Family Medicine, United States ; Division of General Internal Medicine, United States
Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Howard University, Washington, United States
Giussani, Giorgia; Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria
Gnedovskaya, Elena V; Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation
Godwin, William W; Department of Global Health, United States
Goli, Srinivas; International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India ; Center for Study of Regional Development, Jawahar Lal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
Gómez-Dantés, Hector; Center for Health Systems Research, United States
Gona, Philimon N; Nursing and Health Sciences Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, United States
Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, United States ; Department of Health and Social Affairs, Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Palikir, Federated States of Micronesia
Goulart, Alessandra C; Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital, United States ; Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, United States
Grada, Ayman; Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Grams, Morgan E; Charlottesville, United States ; Division of Cardiovascular and Clinical Epidemiology, United States
Grosso, Giuseppe; Boston University, Boston, United States
Gugnani, Harish Chander; Department of Health Policy and Management, Jackson State University, Jackson, United States ; Department of Microbiology, United States
Guo, Yuming; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, United States
Gupta, Rahul; Saint James School of Medicine, Commissioner of Public Health, West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Charleston, United States ; Department of Health Policy, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Management and Leadership, Morgantown, United States
Gupta, Rajeev; Academics and Research, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, India ; Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Department of Preventive Cardiology, Jaipur, India
Gupta, Tanush; Department of Cardiology, United States ; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma; Ramón de la Fuente Muniz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
Gutiérrez-Torres, Daniela S; Department of Tobacco Research, United States ; Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, United States
Haagsma, Juanita A; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie; University of Kinshasa, School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Congo
Hachinski, Vladimir; Netherlands, Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands ; Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, Canada
Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; School of Medicine, United States ; Department of Radiology, United States
Hagos, Tekleberhan B; Anatomy Unit, United States
Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa; Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia ; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa; Biomedical Sciences Division, United States
Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Department of Pharmacology, United States ; Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, United States ; Department of Radiology, United States
Haj-Mirzaian, Arya; Department of Pharmacology, United States ; Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, United States ; Department of Radiology, United States
Hamadeh, Randah R; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
Hamidi, Samer; School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Handal, Alexis J; Population Health Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
Hankey, Graeme J; Anesthesiology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States ; Neurology Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
Hao, Yuantao; Sun Yat-sen Global Health Institute, China ; Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, United States
Harb, Hilda L; Department of Vital and Health Statistics, United States
Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai; Cardiology Department, Sun Yat-sen University, China
Haro, Josep Maria; Research and Development Unit, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India ; Department of Pharmacology, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
Hassankhani, Hadi; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Tabriz, Iran
Hassen, Hamid Yimam; Public Health Department, United States ; Unit of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
Havmoeller, Rasmus; Clinical Sciences Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Hawley, Caitlin N; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Hay, Simon I; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, United States
Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar; Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Heibati, Behzad; Air Pollution Research Center, United States
Heidari, Behnam; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
Heidari, Mohsen; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
Hendrie, Delia; Curtin University, Perth, Australia
Henok, Andualem; Mizan- Tepi University, Teppi, Ethiopia
Heredia-Pi, Ileana; Center for Health Systems Research, United States
Herteliu, Claudiu; Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
Heydarpour, Fatemeh; Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, United States
Heydarpour, Sousan; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Hibstu, Desalegn T; Department of Reproductive Health, United States
Higazi, Tarig B; Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Zanesville, United States
Hilawe, Esayas Haregot; Tigray Health Research Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Hoek, Hans W; UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland ; University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
Hoffman, Howard J; National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders, United States ; Division of Scientific Programs, Columbia University, New York, United States
Hole, Michael K; National Institutes of Health, University of Texas Austin, United States
Rad, Enayatollah Homaie; School of Health, United States ; Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, United States
Hoogar, Praveen; Transdisciplinary Centre for Qualitative Methods, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Manipal, India
Hosgood, H Dean; Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, United States
Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa; Department of Biostatistics, United States
Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; University of Human Development, United States ; Department of Computer Science, United States
Hostiuc, Mihaela; Department of General Surgery, United States ; University of Human Development, Bucharest Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Hostiuc, Sorin; Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, United States ; Clinical Legal Medicine, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania
Hoy, Damian G; University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Hsairi, Mohamed; Faculty of Medicine Tunis, Medicine School of Tunis, Baab Saadoun, Tunisia
Hsiao, Thomas; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Hu, Guoqing; Central South University, Changsha, China
Hu, Howard; Department of Paediatric Cardiology, United States
Huang, John J; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, United States
Hussen, Mamusha Aman; Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, United States
Huynh, Chantal K; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Iburg, Kim Moesgaard; University Institute Egas Moniz, Monte Da Caparica, Portugal
Ikeda, Nayu; Section of Population Health Metrics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, University of Liberia, Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku-ku, Japan ; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, United States
Iqbal, Usman; Global Health and Development Department, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia
Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, United States ; Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, United States
Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Sydney Medical School, Australia
Islami, Farhadl; Taiwan Surveillance and Health Services Research, Taipei Medical University, American Cancer Society, Taipei City, Taiwan
Jackson, Maria D; Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, United States
Jacobsen, Kathryn H; Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, United States
Jahangiry, Leila; Health Education and Health Promotion Department, School of Public Health, United States
Jahanmehr, Nader; Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, United States ; National Research University Higher School of Economics, Department of Health Care Administration and Economy, Moscow, Russian Federation
Jain, Sudhir Kumar; Department of Parasitic Diseases, National Centre for Disease Control Delhi, Delhi, India
Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Medical Sciences Department, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
James, Spencer L; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Jassal, Simerjot K; Division of Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Russian Federation
Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Faculty of Graduate Studies, United States ; Institute of Medicine, United States
Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, United States
Jha, Ravi Prakash; University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Jha, Vivekanand; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom ; George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India
Ji, John S; Environmental Research Center, United States
Jonas, Jost B; Non-communicable Diseases Department, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia ; Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Duke Kunshan University, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China
Jonnagaddala, Jitendra; School of Community Medicine, United States ; New South Wales Health, Sydney, Australia
Shushtari, Zahra Jorjoran; University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Joshi, Ankur; Centre for Community Medicine, United States
Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Czestochowa University of Technology, New Delhi, India ; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
Jürisson, Mikk; Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Kabir, Zubair; University College Cork, School of Public Health, Cork, Ireland
Kahsay, Amaha; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, United States
Kalani, Rizwan; Department of Neurology, United States
Kanchan, Tanuj; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, United States
Kant, Surya; Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
Kar, Chittaranjan; Department of Nephrology, Srirama Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, India
Karami, Manoochehr; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
Matin, Behzad Karami; Faculty of Public Health, United States
Karch, André; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department for Epidemiology, Braunschweig, Germany
Karema, Corine; Malaria Vaccines, United States ; Quality and Equity Healthcare, Kigali, Rwanda
Karimi, Narges; University of California Riverside, Riverside, United States ; Immunogenetics Research Center, United States
Karimi, Seyed M; School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, United States
Kasaeian, Amir; Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, United States ; Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, United States
Kassa, Dessalegn H; Department of Nursing, United States
Kassa, Getachew Mullu; College of Health Sciences, United States
Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale; Clinical Pharmacy Unit, United States
Kassebaum, Nicholas J; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, United States
Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Kaul, Anil; School of Health Care Administration, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, United States ; University of Tulsa, Health Care Delivery Sciences, Tulsa, United States
Kawakami, Norito; Department of Mental Health, United States
Kazemi, Zhila; Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
Karyani, Ali Kazemi; Faculty of Public Health, United States
Kefale, Adane Teshome; Pharmacy Department, United States
Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; ODeL Campus, Kenya
Kemp, Grant Rodgers; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; Department of Linguistics and Germanic, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
Kengne, Andre Pascal; Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, United States ; Medical Research Council South Africa, Department of Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
Keren, Andre; Institute of Cardiology, University of Cape Town, Assuta Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa ; Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies Center, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
Khader, Yousef Saleh; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ramtha, Jordan
Khafaei, Behzad; Department of Statistics, Omidiyeh Branch, Azad University, Iran
Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Clinical Cancer Research Center, Milad General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
Khajavi, Alireza; Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Cardiovascular Medicine, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Khalid, Nauman; School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
Khalil, Ibrahim A; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Khan, Gulfaraz; Jr Hospital of Cook County, John H Stroger, Chicago, United States
Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb; Jr Hospital of Cook County, John H Stroger, Chicago, United States ; Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
Khan, Muhammad Ali; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States ; University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States
Khang, Young-Ho; Institute of Health Policy and Management, United States ; Department of Basic Sciences, United States
Khater, Mona M; Department of Medical Parasitology, Canada
Khazaei, Mohammad; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, United States
Khazaie, Habibolah; Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
Khoja, Abdullah T; Department of Laboratory Sciences, United States ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, New York Medical College, Valhalla, United States
Khosravi, Ardeshir; Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein ; Université de Liège - ULiège ; Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Mumbai, India ; International Otorhinolaryngology Research Association, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A; Clinical Epidemiology Unit, United States
Kiirithio, Daniel N; Lund University, Lund, Sweden ; Research and Data Solutions, Nairobi, Kenya
Kim, Cho-Il; Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Cheongju-si, South Korea
Kim, Daniel; Northeastern University, Boston, United States
Kim, Young-Eun; Department of Preventive Medicine, United States
Kim, Yun Jin; Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
Kimokoti, Ruth W; Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, United States
Kinfu, Yohannes; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia ; Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
Kisa, Adnan; Department of Health Management and Health Economics, United States ; Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna; Department of Health Economics and Social Security, United States
Kivimäki, Mika; Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, United States ; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
Knibbs, Luke D; Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo; Department of Psychosocial Science, United States ; Centre for Disease Burden, United States
Kochhar, Sonali; Department of Global Health, United States ; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
Kolola, Tufa; Madrid, Spain
Kopec, Jacek A; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada ; Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, Canada
Kosen, Soewarta; Jakarta, Indonesia
Koul, Parvaiz A; Department of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India ; Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology, Relaciones Internacionales, Queretaro, Mexico
Koyanagi, Ai; Research and Development Unit, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
Kravchenko, Michael A; Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation
Krishan, Kewal; Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
Krohn, Kristopher J; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Kromhout, Hans; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, United States ; Department of Demography, United States
Bicer, Burcu Kucuk; University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada ; Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
Kumar, G Anil; Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
Kumar, Manasi; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Asthma Bhawan, Jaipur, India ; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
Kuzin, Igor; University of Washington, Seattle, United States
Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Lachat, Carl; Department of Food Technology, Ghent University, Safety and Health, Ghent, Belgium
Lad, Deepesh P; Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health (FRIHOI), Russian Federation
Lad, Sheetal D; Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Paris, France
Lafranconi, Alessandra; School of Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
Lalloo, Ratilal; School of Dentistry, United States
Lallukka, Tea; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland ; Population and Work Ability Program, United States
Lami, Faris Hasan; Department of Community and Family Medicine, Academy of Medical Science, Baghdad, Iraq ; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (NUTRICARD), Germany ; General Surgery Department, Aintree University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust (NHS), United Kingdom
Lang, Justin J; Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, United States
Lansingh, Van C; University of West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago ; HelpMeSee, New York, United States
Larson, Samantha Leigh; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Latifi, Arman; Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy of Lisbon, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
Lazarus, Jeffrey V; Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
Lee, Paul H; School of Nursing, United States
Leigh, James; Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, United States
Leili, Mostafa; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, United States
Leshargie, Cheru Tesema; Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
Leung, Janni; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, United States ; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Levi, Miriam; Regional Centre for Analysis of Data on Occupational and Work-related Injuries and Diseases, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran ; University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Lewycka, Sonia; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, United Kingdom ; Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Trust Asia Programme, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Li, Shanshan; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, United States
Li, Yichong; Department of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, China
Liang, Juan; National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance, Chengdu, China ; National Center of Birth Defects Monitoring of China, Chengdu, China
Liang, Xiaofeng; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
Liao, Yu; Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, United States ; Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes,Inc, Quezon City, Philippines
Lim, Lee-Ling; University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Department of Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
Linn, Shai; University of Haifa, School of Public Health, Haifa, Israel
Liu, Shiwei; Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Beijing, China
Lodha, Rakesh; HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
Logroscino, Giancarlo; University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy ; Department Clinical Research in Neurology, Fondazione Cardinale Giovanni Panico Hospital, Tricase, Italy
Lopez, Alan D; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
Lorkowski, Stefan; Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany ; Jena, Germany
Lotufo, Paulo A; Singapore National Eye Centre, Medical Retina, Singapore
Lozano, Rafael; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, United States
Lucas, Tim C D; Big Data Institute, United Kingdom
Lunevicius, Raimundas; Liverpool, United Kingdom ; Surgery Department, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Ma, Stefan; Epidemiology and Disease Control, United States
Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King; Development and Communication Studies, United States ; Ariadne Labs, United States
Machado, Ísis Eloah; Nursing School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Madotto, Fabiana; School of Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
Mai, Hue Thi; Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Majdan, Marek; Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Majdzadeh, Reza; Knowledge Utilization Research Center, United States ; Community-Based Participatory-Research Center, United States
Majeed, Azeem; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, United States
Malekzadeh, Reza; Digestive Diseases Research Institute, United States ; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, United States
Mamun, Abdullah A; Institute for Social Science Research, United States
Manda, Ana-Laura; Surgery Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Manguerra, Helena; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Department of Biostatistics, United States
Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni; School of Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy
Maravilla, Joemer C; Institute for Social Science Research, United States
Marcenes, Wagner; Division of Patient and Population, United States
Marks, Ashley; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Martin, Randall V; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, United States
Martins, Sheila C O; Department of Preventive Dentistry, United States ; Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Neurology Service, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio; Federal Institute of Education, Campus Caucaia, Science and Technology of Ceará, Caucaia, Brazil
März, Winfried; Medical Clinic V, United States ; Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Marzan, Melvin B; University of East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Graduate School, Quezon City, Philippines
Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard; Division of Plastic Surgery, United States
Mathur, Manu Raj; Non Communicable Diseases, United States ; Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, United States
Mathur, Prashant; National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, United States
Matsushita, Kunihiro; Department of Radiology, United States
Maulik, Pallab K; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore ; George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India
Mazidi, Mohsen; Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Bengaluru, India
Mcalinden, Colm; Hywel Dda University Health Board, Carmarthen, United Kingdom
Mcgrath, John J; Queensland Brain Institute, Australia ; National Centre for Register-Based Research, United States
Mckee, Martin; Department of Health Services Research and Policy, United States
Mehrotra, Ravi; National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Preventive Oncology, Noida, India
Mehta, Kala M; Department of Biostatistics,Epidemiology, United States
Mehta, Varshil; Sevenhills Hospital, Mumbai, India
Meier, Toni; Innovation Office, United States ; Institute for Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, United States
Mekonnen, Fantahun Ayenew; Department Epidemiology and Biostatistics, United States
Melaku, Yohannes A; Institute Public of Health, United States ; Adelaide Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
Melese, Addisu; Germany, College of Health Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
Melku, Mulugeta; Institute Public of Health, United States
Memiah, Peter T.N.; University of West Florida, Pensacola, United States ; United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Peru Country Office, Peru
Memish, Ziad A; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ; Research Department, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Mendoza, Walter; Lima, Peru
Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Mensah, George A.; Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, United States ; Medical Research Council South Africa, Department of Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
Mensink, Gert B M; Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
Mereta, Seid Tiku; Department of Technology and Environmental Health Sciences, United States
Meretoja, Atte; School of Health Sciences, United States ; Neurocenter, United States
Meretoja, Tuomo J; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ; Breast Surgery Unit, United States
Mestrovic, Tomislav; Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland ; University Centre Varazdin, University North, Zagreb, Croatia
Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane; Department of Pharmacy, Ethiopian Academy of Medical Science, Mekelle, Ethiopia
Miazgowski, Bartosz; Emergency Department, United States ; Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
Miazgowski, Tomasz; Department of Hypertension, United States
Millear, Anoushka I; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Miller, Ted R; Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, United States
Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Mini, G.K.; Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, United States
Mirarefin, Mojde; Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health, Carson City, United States
Mirica, Andreea; Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania ; National Institute of Statistics, President's Office, Bucharest, Romania
Mirrakhimov, Erkin M; Faculty of General Medicine, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan ; Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, United States
Mitiku, Habtamu; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, United States ; Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
Moazen, Babak; University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand ; Institute of Addiction Research, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
Mohajer, Bahram; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, United States ; Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Iran
Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin; Department of Biology, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq ; Ishik University, Erbil, Iraq
Mohammadi, Moslem; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, United States
Mohammadifard, Noushin; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa; Health Research Institute of University Hospital de la Princesa, Service of Pulmonology, Madrid, Spain
Mohammed, Shafiu; University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand ; Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, United States
Mohebi, Farnam; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, United States ; Iran National Institute of Health Research, Iran
Mokdad, Ali H; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, United States
Molokhia, Mariam; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, United States
Momeniha, Fatemeh; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Monasta, Lorenzo; Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Moodley, Yoshan; Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Moradi, Ghobad; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, United States ; Health Research Center, United States
Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, United States
Moradinazar, Mehdi; Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, United States
Moraga, Paula; Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Lancaster, United Kingdom
Morawska, Lidia; International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, United States
Morgado-Da-costa, Joana; Hospital Center of Porto, Queensland University of Technology, Santo Antonio Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
Morrison, Shane Douglas; Department of Surgery, United States
Moschos, Marilita M; 1st Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece ; Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
Mouodi, Simin; Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam; Department of Health Management and Economics, United States
Mozaffarian, Dariush; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, United States ; Institute of Mother and Child Care, Pediatrics and Pediatric Pulmonology, Multan, Pakistan
Mruts, Kalayu Brhane; Madrid, Spain
Muche, Achenef Asmamaw; Institute Public of Health, United States
Muchie, Kindie Fentahun; Institute Public of Health, United States
Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany ; Center for Population and Health, Wiesbaden, Germany
Muhammed, Oumer Sada; Department of Pharmacy, United States
Mukhopadhyay, Satinath; Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kolkata, India
Muller, Kate; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Musa, Kamarul Imran; School of Medical Sciences, Science University of Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
Mustafa, Ghulam; Pediatrics Department, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
Nabhan, Ashraf F; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, United States
Naghavi, Mohsen; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, United States
Naheed, Aliya; Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt ; Department of TB and Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India
Nahvijou, Azin; Cancer Research Center, United States
Nangia, Vinay; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India
Nansseu, Jobert Richie; Department of Disease, Epidemics and Pandemics Control, United States ; Department of Public Heath, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
Nascimento, Bruno Ramos; Hospital of Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Neal, Bruce; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore ; Cardio-Metabolic Group, United States
Neamati, Nahid; University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
Negoi, Ionut; Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Romania
Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Anatomy and Embryology Department, United States ; Cardiology Department, Bucharest, Romania
Neupane, Subas; Department of Molecular Hepatology, Middle East Liver Disease Center, Tehran, Iran
Newton, Charles Richard James; TB Culture Laboratory, Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan ; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Neurosciences Department, Kilifi, Kenya
Ngunjiri, Josephine W; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
Nguyen, Anh Quynh; Health Economics and Finance, United States ; Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), South Africa
Nguyen, Grant; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Nguyen, Ha Thu; Department of Health Economics, United States
Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi; Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Nguyen, Huong Thanh; Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Nguyen, Minh; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Nguyen, Nam Ba; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain ; Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health (FRIHOI), Russian Federation
Nichols, Emma; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Nie, Jing; Department of Sociology and Institute for Empirical Social Science Research, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, United States ; Public Health Science Department, State University of Semarang, Kota Semarang, Indonesia
Nirayo, Yirga Legesse; Clinical Pharmacy Unit, United States
Nishi, Nobuo; International Center for Nutrition and Information, United States
Nixon, Molly R; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Nojomi, Marzieh; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, United States
Nomura, Shuhei; Department of Global Health Policy, United States ; Institute for Global Health Policy Research, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
Norheim, Ole F; Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany ; Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, United States
Noroozi, Mehdi; University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Norrving, Bo; Department of Clinical Sciences, United States
Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Medical Research Council South Africa, Department of Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
Nouri, Hamid Reza; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, United States
Shiadeh, Malihe Nourollahpour; Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza; Uro-oncology Research Center, United States
Nsoesie, Elaine O; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Education, United States
Nyasulu, Peter S; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United States
Obermeyer, Carla M; Center for Research on Population and Health, United States ; Institute of Advanced Research, Aix-Marseille University, France
Odell, Christopher M; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Ofori-Asenso, Richard; Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, United States ; Accra, Ghana
Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
Oh, In-Hwan; Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, South Korea
Oladimeji, Olanrewaju; Human Sciences Research Council, Department of HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB, Durban, South Africa ; Oshakati Campus, University of Namibia, Namibia
Olagunju, Andrew T; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia ; University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Olagunju, Tinuke O; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, United States
Olivares, Pedro R; Institute of Physical Activity and Health, United States
Olsen, Helen Elizabeth; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, Ikoyi, Nigeria
Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, Ikoyi, Nigeria
Ong, Kanyin L; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Ong, Sok King; NCD Prevention and Control Unit, United States ; Institute of Health Science, University of Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
Oren, Eyal; University of Washington, Seattle, United States ; Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, United States
Orpana, Heather M; Applied Research Division, United States ; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
Ortiz, Alberto; Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom ; Institute for Health Research Foundation Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Ota, Erika; St Luke's International University, Chuo-ku, Japan
Otstavnov, Stanislav S; Center for Healthcare Quality Assessment and Control, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation ; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow State University, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
Overland, Simon; Department of Psychosocial Science, United States ; Division of Mental and Physical Health, United States
Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo; Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Mahesh, P.; Department of TB and Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India
Pacella, Rosana; Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Australia ; University of Chichester, Chichester, United Kingdom
Pakhare, Abhijit P; Centre for Community Medicine, United States
Pakpour, Amir H; Obstetrics and Gynecology, United States
Pana, Adrian; Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania ; Center for Health Outcomes and Evaluation, Bucharest, Romania
Park, Eun-Kee; Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea
Parry, Charles D H; Department of Psychiatry, United States ; Alcohol,Tobacco and other Drug Use Research Unit, South Africa
Parsian, Hadi; University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
Patel, Shanti; Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, United States
Pati, Sanghamitra; Regional Medical Research Centre, United States
Patil, Snehal T; Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, Karad, India
Patle, Ajay; Department of Population Studies, United States ; International Institute of Health Management Research, New Delhi, India
Patton, George C; Population Health Group, United States ; Department of Paediatrics, United States
Paudel, Deepak; Center for International Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana ; HIV/AIDS Program, Health, Nutrition, Save the Children, Kathmandu, Nepal
Paulson, Katherine R; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Ballesteros, Wayra Citlali Paz; Department of Tobacco Research, United States
Pearce, Neil; Department of Medical Statistics, United States
Pereira, Alexandre; Department of Genetics, United States ; Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, United States
Pereira, David M; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Portugal ; Cartagena University, Cartagena, Colombia
Perico, Norberto; Department of Renal Medicine, United States
Pesudovs, Konrad; Glenelg, Australia
Petzold, Max; Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ; University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
Pham, Hai Quang; Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Phillips, Michael R; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Pillay, Julian David; Basic Medical Sciences Department, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
Piradov, Michael A; Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation
Pirsaheb, Meghdad; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Pischon, Tobias; Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
Pishgar, Farhad; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, United States ; Uro-oncology Research Center, United States
Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer; National Centre for Register-Based Research, United States
Plass, Dietrich; Department of Environmental Hygiene, United States
Polinder, Suzanne; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Polkinghorne, Kevan R; Staufenberg, Germany
Postma, Maarten J; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Poulton, Richie; University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Pourshams, Akram; Digestive Diseases Research Institute, United States
Poustchi, Hossein; Digestive Diseases Research Institute, United States
Prabhakaran, Dorairaj; Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India ; Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, United States
Prakash, Swayam; Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
Prasad, Narayan; Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
Purcell, Caroline A; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Purwar, Manorama B; Government Medical College, Nagpur, India
Qorbani, Mostafa; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
Radfar, Amir; A T Still University, Brisbane, Australia ; Medichem, Barcelona, Spain
Rafay, Anwar; Contech School of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Lahore, Pakistan
Rafiei, Alireza; Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, United States ; Department of Immunology, United States
Rahim, Fakher; Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, United States
Rahimi, Zohreh; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, United States
Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Iran
Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Iran
Rahman, Mahfuzar; Austin Clinical School of Nursing, United States ; Syrian Expatriate Medical Association (SEMA), Syrian Arab Republic
Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, United States
Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Research and Evaluation Division, United States
Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, India ; Department of Economics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
Rajati, Fatemeh; Department of Health Education and Promotion, United States
Rajsic, Sasa; Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
Raju, Sree Bhushan; Department of Nephrology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
Ram, Usha; Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, United States
Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, South Korea
Ranjan, Prabhat; Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
Rath, Goura Kishor; Department of Radiation Oncology, United States
Rawaf, David Laith; WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, United States ; University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
Rawaf, Salman; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, United States ; Public Health England, London, United Kingdom ; Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
Reddy, K Srinath; Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
Rehm, Colin D; Department of Population Health, United States
Rehm, Jürgen
Reiner, Robert C; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, United States
Reitsma, Marissa B; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
Renzaho, Andre M N; School of Social Sciences and Psychology, United States
Resnikoff, Serge; Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia ; Organization for the Prevention of Blindness, Paris, France
Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam; Department of Tobacco Research, United States
Rezaei, Satar; Environmental Determinants of Health Research Center, United States
Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P; Hospital of Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Rivera, Juan A; United States
Roba, Kedir Teji; School of Nursing and Midwifery, United States
Rodríguez-Ramírez, Sonia; Center for Nutrition and Health Research, United States
Roever, Leonardo; Department OfClinical Research, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
Román, Yesenia
Ronfani, Luca; Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Roshandel, Gholamreza; Digestive Diseases Research Institute, United States ; Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
Rostami, Ali; Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, United States
Roth, Gregory A; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; Division of Cardiology, United States
Rothenbacher, Dietrich; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
Roy, Ambuj; Karachi, Pakistan
Rubagotti, Enrico; Ikiam Amazon Regional University, Biotechnology, Ciudad De Tena, Ecuador ; Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
Rushton, Lesley; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, United States
Sabanayagam, Charumathi; Ocular Epidemiology Research Group, United States
Sachdev, Perminder S; School of Psychiatry, United States ; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
Saddik, Basema; Medical Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Sadeghi, Ehsan; Department of Food Technology and Quality Control, United States
Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, United States
Safari, Hosein; Department of Neurosurgery, United States
Safari, Yahya; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Safari-Faramani, Roya; Faculty of Public Health, United States
Safdarian, Mahdi; Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Iran ; Department of Neuroscience, United States
Safi, Sare; Ophthalmic Research Center, United States ; Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, United States
Safiri, Saeid; Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, United States
Sagar, Rajesh; Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore
Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Iran
Sajadi, Haniye Sadat; Iran National Institute of Health Research, Iran
Salam, Nasir; College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Salamati, Payman; Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Iran ; Faculty of Health, School of Health and Policy Management, York University, Toronto, Canada
Saleem, Zikria; Punjab University College of Pharmacy, Anarkali, Pakistan
Salimzadeh, Hamideh; Digestive Diseases Research Institute, United States
Salomon, Joshua A; Center for Health Policy and Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, United States
Salvi, Devashri Digvijay; Cardiology Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
Salz, Inbal; Health and Disability Intelligence Group, United States
Samy, Abdallah M; Department of Entomology, United States
Sanabria, Juan; Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, United States ; Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
Sanchez-Nino, Maria Dolores; Jimenez Diaz Foundation University Hospital Institute for Health Research, Nephrology Group, Madrid, Spain
Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G; National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
Sanders, Taren; Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, United States
Sang, Yingying; Australia Department of Epidemiology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
Santomauro, Damian Francesco; Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy ; Policy and Epidemiology Group, United States
Santos, Itamar S; Central Research Institute of Cytology and Genetics, United States
Santos, Joao Vasco; Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom ; Regional Health Administration Do Norte I P, Vila Nova De Gaia, Portugal
Milicevic, Milena M Santric; Centre School of Public Health and Health Management, United States
Jose, Bruno Piassi Sao; Post-Graduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, United States
Sardana, Mayank; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
Sarker, Abdur Razzaque; Health Economics and Financing Research Group, United States
Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo; Department of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences, Bogotá, Colombia
Sarrafzadegan, Nizal; School of Population and Public Health, United States ; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Sartorius, Benn; Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
Sarvi, Shahabeddin; Toxoplasmosis Research Center, United States
Sathian, Brijesh; Surgery Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar ; Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
Satpathy, Maheswar; UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India ; Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development, Bhubaneswar, India
Sawant, Arundhati R; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States ; Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
Sawhney, Monika; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, United States
Saylan, Mete; Istanbul, Turkey
Sayyah, Mehdi; Education Development Center, United States
Schaeffner, Elke; Institute of Public Health, United States
Schmidt, Maria Ines; Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, United States
Schneider, Ione J C; School of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Ararangua, Brazil
Schöttker, Ben; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Ohio State University, Heidelberg, Germany
Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth; Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, United States ; North-west University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
Schwebel, David C; School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India
Schwendicke, Falk; Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, United States
Scott, James G; Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy ; Child and Youth Mental Health, United States
Seedat, Soraya; Department of Psychiatry, United States
Sekerija, Mario; Department of Medical Statistics, University of Zagreb, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Zagreb, Croatia ; Division of Epidemiology and Prevention of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Digestive Diseases Research Institute, United States ; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Serre, Marc L; Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
Serván-Mori, Edson; Center for Health Systems Research, United States
Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba; Center of Expertise in Microbiology, United States ; Immunoregulation Research Center, United States
Shabaninejad, Hosein; Department of Health Policy, United States
Shaddick, Gavin; Department of Mathematics, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
Shafieesabet, Azadeh; Langone Medical Center, United States
Shahbazi, Mehdi; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, United States
Shaheen, Amira A; Public Health Division, New York University, New York, United States
Shaikh, Masood Ali; Karachi, Pakistan
Levy, Teresa Shamah; Center for Research in Evaluation and Surveys, United States
Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, United States
Shamsi, Mohammadbagher; Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, United States
Sharafi, Heidar; Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
Sharafi, Kiomars; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Sharif, Mehdi; Department of Laboratory Sciences, United States ; Department of Basic Sciences, United States
Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi; Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Iran
Sharifi, Hamid; HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
Sharma, Jayendra; Policy and Planning Division, United States
Sharma, Meenakshi; Division of Noncommunicable Diseases, United States
Sharma, Rajesh; University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
She, Jun; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, United States
Sheikh, Aziz; Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, United States ; Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Shi, Peilin; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, United States
Shibuya, Kenji; Department of Global Health Policy, United States
Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay; School of Pharmacy, United States
Shigematsu, Mika; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
Shin, Min-Jeong; Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
Shiri, Rahman; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
Shirkoohi, Reza; Cancer Research Center, United States ; Cancer Biology Research Center, United States
Shiue, Ivy; Institute of Medical Epidemiology, United States
Shokraneh, Farhad; University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Shoman, Haitham; WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, United States
Shrime, Mark G; Harvard University, Boston, United States
Shupler, Matthew S; Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, United States
Si, Si; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, United States
Siabani, Soraya; Imam Ali Cardiovascular Research Center, United States ; School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Sibai, Abla Mehio; Department Population Health, United States
Siddiqi, Tariq J; Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora; Department of Health and Behavior Studies, United States ; Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; School of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Ararangua, Brazil
Silva, Joao Pedro; UCIBIO, Portugal
Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves; Department of Health Industrial Complex and Innovation in Health, United States ; Brasília University, Brasília, Brazil
Singh, Jasvinder A; Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ; Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
Singh, Narinder Pal; Max Hospital, Ghaziabad, India
Singh, Virendra; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Asthma Bhawan, Jaipur, India
Sinha, Dhirendra Narain; Pediatric Department, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ; School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India
Skiadaresi, Eirini; Hywel Dda University Health Board, Carmarthen, United Kingdom
Skirbekk, Vegard; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
Smith, David L; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, United States
Smith, Mari; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
Sobaih, Badr Hasan; Pediatric Department, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain ; Pediatric Department, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Sobhani, Soheila; Department of Anatomy, United States
Somayaji, Ranjani; Department of Medicine, United States ; University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
Soofi, Moslem; Environmental Determinants of Health Research Center, United States
Sorensen, Reed J D; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States ; Department of Global Health, United States
Soriano, Joan B; Health Research Institute of University Hospital de la Princesa, Service of Pulmonology, Madrid, Spain ; Pneumology Service, United States
Soyiri, Ireneous N; Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Spinelli, Angela; National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, United States
Sposato, Luciano A; Clinical Neurological Sciences, United States
Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T; Division of Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Srinivasan, Vinay; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, United States
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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
NIA - National Institute on Aging NIMH - National Institute of Mental Health
Funding text :
Carl Abelardo Antonio reports personal fees from Johnson & Johnson (Philippines). Yannick Bejot reports grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca and Boehringer-Ingelheim and personal fees from Daiichi-Sankyo, Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS), Pfizer, Medtronic, Bayer, Novex Pharma, and Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD). Cyrus Cooper reports personal fees from Alliance for Better Bone Health, Amgen, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Medtronic, Merck & Co, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Servier, Takeda, and UCB. Seana Gall reports grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council and the National Heart Foundation of Australia. Panniyammakal Jeemon reports a Clinical and Public Health Intermediate Fellowship from the Wellcome Trust–DBT India Alliance (2015–20). Jacek Jóźwiak reports a grant from Valeant, personal fees from Valeant, ALAB Laboratoria and Amgen, and non-financial support from Microlife and Servier. Nicholas Kassebaum reports personal fees and other support from Vifor Pharmaceuticals. Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi reports grants from NHS Research Scotland, the Medical Research Council, and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office. Jeffrey Lazarus reports personal fees from Janssen and Cepheid and grants and personal fees from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and MSD. Stefan Lorkowski reports personal fees from Amgen, Berlin-Chemie, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Synlab, Unilever, and non-financial support from Preventicus. Winfried März reports grants and personal fees from Siemens Diagnostics, Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Danone Research, Pfizer, BASF, Numares, and Berline-Chemie; personal fees from Hoffmann LaRoche, MSD, Sanofi, and Synageva; grants from Abbott Diagnostics; and other support from Synlab. Walter Mendoza is currently a Program Analyst for Population and Development at the Peru Country Office of the United Nations Population Fund. Dariush Mozaffarian reports grants from National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; personal fees from Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3s, DSM, Nutrition Impact, Pollock Communications, Bunge, Indigo Agriculture, Amarin, Acasti Pharma, and America's Test Kitchen; chapter royalties from UpToDate; they serve on the scientific advisory board for Omada Health, Elysium Health, and DayTwo. Maarten Postma reports grants from Mundipharma, Bayer, BMS, AstraZeneca, ARTEG, and AscA; grants and personal fees from Sigma Tau, MSD, GSK, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novavax, Ingress Health, AbbVie, and Sanofi; personal fees from Quintiles, Astellas, Mapi, OptumInsight, Novartis, Swedish Orphan, Innoval, Jansen, Intercept, and Pharmerit, and stock ownership in Ingress Health and Pharmacoeconomics Advice Groningen. Kenji Shibuya reports grants from the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare and from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology. Mark Shrime reports grants from Mercy Ships and Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation. Jasvinder Singh reports consulting for Horizon, Fidia, UBM, Medscape, WebMD, the NIH, and the American College of Rheumatology; they serve as the principal investigator for an investigator-initiated study funded by Horizon pharmaceuticals through a grant to Dinora, a 501c3 entity; they are on the steering committee of OMERACT, an international organisation that develops measures for clinical trials and receives arms-length funding from 36 pharmaceutical companies. Cassandra Szoeke reports a grant from the National Medical Health Research Council, Lundbeck, Alzheimer's Association, and the Royal Australasian College of Practitioners; she holds patent PCT/AU2008/001556. Jeffrey Stanaway reports a grant from Merck & Co. Muthiah Vaduganathan receives research support from the NIH/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and serves as a consultant for Bayer and Baxter Healthcare. Denis Xavier reports grants from Cadila Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi-Aventis, Pfizer, and BMS. All other authors declare no competing interests.Research reported in this publication was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the University of Melbourne, Public Health England, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, the National Institute on Ageing of the National Institutes of Health (NIH; award P30AG047845) , and the National Institute of Mental Health of NIH (award R01MH110163) . The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funders. We thank the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, done by National Research University Higher School of Economics and ZAO Demoscope together with Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Institute of Sociology RAS, for making these data available. The Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study is an international study carried out in collaboration with WHO/Europe. The International Coordinator of the 1997–98, 2001–02, 2005–06, and 2009–10 surveys was Candace Currie and the databank managers were Bente Wold for the 1997–98 survey and Oddrun Samdal for the following surveys. A list of principal investigators in each country can be found on the HBSC website . This research uses data from Add Health, a programme project designed by J Richard Udry, Peter S Bearman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris, and funded by a grant P01-HD31921 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, with cooperative funding from 17 other agencies. Special acknowledgment is due to Ronald R Rindfuss and Barbara Entwisle for assistance in the original design of Add Health. People interested in obtaining data files from Add Health should contact Add Health, Carolina Population Center, 123 W Franklin Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516–2524 ( addhealth@unc.edu ). No direct support was received from grant P01-HD31921 for this analysis. Data for this research was provided by MEASURE Evaluation, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of USAID, the US Government, or MEASURE Evaluation. This research used data from the National Health Survey 2003. The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Health of Chile, the survey copyright owner, for allowing them to have the database. All results of the study are those of the authors and in no way committed to the Ministry. The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics granted the researchers of GBD 2017 access to relevant data in accordance with licence no SLN2014–3-170, after subjecting data to processing aiming to preserve the confidentiality of individual data in accordance with the General Statistics Law, 2000. The researchers are solely responsible for the conclusions and inferences drawn upon available data. This paper uses data from Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe ( SHARE Waves 1, 2, 3 (SHARELIFE), 4, 5, and 6 (DOIs: 10·6103/SHARE.w1.611, 10.6103/SHARE.w2.611, 10.6103/SHARE.w3.611, 10.6103/SHARE.w4.611, 10.6103/SHARE.w5.611, 10.6103/SHARE.w6.611), see Börsch-Supan and colleagues (2013) for methodological details. The SHARE data collection has been primarily funded by the European Commission through FP5 (QLK6-CT-2001–00360), FP6 (SHARE-I3: RII-CT-2006–062193, COMPARE: CIT5-CT-2005–028857, SHARELIFE: CIT4-CT-2006–028812) and FP7 (SHARE-PREP: No 211909, SHARE-LEAP: No 227822, SHARE M4: No 261982). Additional funding from the German Ministry of Education and Research, the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, the US National Institute on Aging (U01_AG09740–13S2, P01_AG005842, P01_AG08291, P30_AG12815, R21_AG025169, Y1-AG-4553–01, IAG_BSR06–11, OGHA_04–064, and HHSN271201300071C) and from various national funding sources is gratefully acknowledged. This paper uses data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health.
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