Astronomy and Astrophysics; Space and Planetary Science
Abstract :
[en] We present XMM-Newton X-ray observations of nine confirmed lensed quasars at 1 ≲ z ≲ 3 identified by the Gaia Gravitational Lens program. Eight systems are strongly detected, with 0.3-8.0 keV fluxes F 0.3-8.0 ≳ 5 ×10-14 erg cm-2 s-1. Modeling the X-ray spectra with an absorbed power law, we derive power-law photon indices and 2-10 keV luminosities for the eight detected quasars. In addition to presenting sample properties for larger quasar population studies and for use in planning for future caustic-crossing events, we also identify three quasars of interest: a quasar that shows evidence of flux variability from previous ROSAT observations, the most closely separated individual lensed sources resolved by XMM-Newton, and one of the X-ray brightest quasars known at z > 3. These sources represent the tip of the discoveries that will be enabled by SRG/eROSITA.
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Connor, Thomas ; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
Stern, Daniel ; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
Krone-Martins, Alberto ; Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
Djorgovski, S.G. ; Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, Caltech, Pasadena, United States
Graham, Matthew J. ; Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, Caltech, Pasadena, United States
Walton, Dominic J. ; Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Delchambre, Ludovic ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR)
Ducourant, Christine ; Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Pessac, France
Teixeira, Ramachrisna ; Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
Campion, Jean-François Le; Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Pessac, France
Den Brok, Jakob Sebastian ; Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Dobie, Dougal ; Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia ; ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav), Hawthorn, Australia
Galluccio, Laurent ; Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, Cedex, France
Jalan, Priyanka ; Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital, India
Klioner, Sergei A. ; Lohrmann-Observatorium, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Klüter, Jonas ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, United States
Mahabal, Ashish A. ; Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, Caltech, Pasadena, United States ; Center for Data Driven Discovery, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
Negi, Vibhore ; Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital, India
Nierenberg, Anna ; Department of Physics, University of California Merced, Merced, United States
Petit, Quentin; Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Pessac, France
Scarano Jr, Sergio ; Departamento de Física-CCET, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
Slezak, Eric; Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Nice, France
Sluse, Dominique ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Unités de recherche interfacultaires > Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR)
Spíndola-Duarte, Carolina ; Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
Surdej, Jean ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophysique, géophysique et océanographie (AGO) ; Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
Wambsganss, Joachim ; Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Heidelberg, Germany
The work of T.C. and D.S. was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. T.C.’s research was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, administered by Universities Space Research Association under contract with NASA. S.G.D. and M.J.G. acknowledge a partial support from the NASA ADAP grant 16-ADAP16-0232, and the NSF grant AST-1815034. D.J.W. acknowledges support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) in the form of an Ernest Rutherford Fellowship (grant ST/N004027/1). L.D. acknowledges support from the ESA PRODEX Programme “Gaia-DPAC QSOs” and from the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office. S.A.K. was partially supported by the German Aerospace Agency (grant 50QG1402). D.S. acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 787886).
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