Rapid contraction of giant planets orbiting the 20-million-year-old star V1298 Tau

[en] Current theories of planetary evolution predict that infant giant planets have large radii and very low densities before they slowly contract to reach their final size after about several hundred million years1,2. These theoretical expectations remain untested so far as the detection and characterization of very young planets is extremely challenging due to the intense stellar activity of their host stars3,4. Only the recent discoveries of young planetary transiting systems allow initial constraints to be placed on evolutionary models5–7. With an estimated age of 20 million years, V1298 Tau is one of the youngest solar-type stars known to host transiting planets; it harbours a system composed of four planets, two Neptune-sized, one Saturn-sized and one Jupiter-sized8,9. Here we report a multi-instrument radial velocity campaign of V1298 Tau, which allowed us to determine the masses of two of the planets in the system. We find that the two outermost giant planets, V1298 Tau b and e (0.64 ± 0.19 and 1.16 ± 0.30 Jupiter masses, respectively), seem to contradict our knowledge of early-stages planetary evolution. According to models, they should reach their mass–radius combination only hundreds of millions of years after formation. This result suggests that giant planets can contract much more quickly than usually assumed. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

Disciplines :

Space science, astronomy & astrophysics

Author, co-author :

Suárez Mascareño, A.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain, Departamento de Astrofìsica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain

Damasso, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Pino Torinese, Italy

Lodieu, N.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain, Departamento de Astrofìsica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain

Sozzetti, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Pino Torinese, Italy

Béjar, V. J. S.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain, Departamento de Astrofìsica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain

Benatti, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

Zapatero Osorio, M. R.; Centro de Astrobiología, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain

Micela, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

Rebolo, R.; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain, Departamento de Astrofìsica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain

Desidera, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padua, Italy

More authors (34 more)

Language :

English

Title :

Rapid contraction of giant planets orbiting the 20-million-year-old star V1298 Tau

Publication date :

2021

Journal title :

Nature Astronomy

eISSN :

2397-3366

Publisher :

Springer Nature

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 05 January 2022

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