Global phylogeny and taxonomic reassessment of the lichen genus Dendriscosticta (Ascomycota: Peltigerales)

[en] The genus Dendriscosticta (Ascomycota: Peltigerales) encompasses several distinctive lichen-forming fungal species restricted to the Northern Hemisphere. Most are flagship species of old-growth forests with good air quality. A global phylogeny of the genus based on multilocus sequence data (ITS, RPB1, EF-1α, MCM7), model-based phylogenetic methods, and morphological and chemical assessments, reveals a high level of cryptic speciation often associated with restricted geographical distribution and/or chemical characters. Using sequence-based species delimitation approaches, we circumscribe two main clades referred to as the D. wrightii clade, with five unequivocal species, including D. gelida sp. nov., and the D. praetextata clade, with eight putative species, including D. phyllidiata sp. nov. The absence of recently collected material of D. hookeri comb. nov. from the type locality unfortunately prevents assignment of this epithet to one of the five supported lineages sharing this morphotype. Three new combinations are proposed: D. hookeri, D. insinuans comb. nov. and D. yatabeana comb. nov. Epitypes are designated for D. wrightii and D. yatabeana. Species diversity within the genus increased from four to nine. Our morphological assessment confirmed that Sticta and Dendriscosticta can be readily distinguished by the presence of excipular algae whereas the structure of the lower surface pores is not a reliable diagnostic feature.

Disciplines :

Phytobiology (plant sciences, forestry, mycology...)

Author, co-author :

Simon, Antoine ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie de l'évolution et gestion de la biodiversité

Goffinet, Bernard

Wang, Li Song

Spribille, Toby

Goward, Trevor

Pystina, Tatiana

Semenova, Natalia

Stepanov, Nikolay V.

Moncada, Bibiana

Lücking, Robert

Magain, Nicolas ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie de l'évolution et gestion de la biodiversité

Sérusiaux, Emmanuël ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de Biologie, Ecologie et Evolution > Biologie de l'évolution et gestion de la biodiversité

Language :

English

Title :

Global phylogeny and taxonomic reassessment of the lichen genus Dendriscosticta (Ascomycota: Peltigerales)

Publication date :

2022

Journal title :

Taxon

ISSN :

0040-0262

eISSN :

1996-8175

Publisher :

International Association for Plant Taxonomy, Austria

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 04 January 2022

Statistics

Number of views

82 (28 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

232 (5 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

Bibliography

Altermann, S., Leavitt, S.D. & Goward, T. 2016. Tidying up the genus Letharia: Introducing L. lupina sp. nov. and a new circumscription for L. columbiana (Nutt.) Thoms. Lichenologist 48: 423–439. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282916000396
Altschul, S.F., Warren, G., Webb, M., Myers, E.W. & Lipman, D.J. 1990. Basic local alignment search tool. J. Molec. Biol. 215: 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2
Altschul, S.F., Madden, T.L., Schäffer, A.A., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Miller, W. & Lipman, D.J. 1997. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: A new generation of protein database search programs. Nucl. Acids Res. 25: 3389–3402. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.17.3389
Armaleo, D. & Clerc, P. 1991. Lichen chimeras: DNA analysis suggests that one fungus forms two morphotypes. Exp. Mycol. 15: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-5975(91)90002-U
Asahina, Y. 1961. Lichenologische Notizen (180–181). J. Jap. Bot. 36: 225–228.
Biazrov, L.G. 2013. Checklist of the Mongolian lichens, version 8. Available at http://www.sevin.ru/laboratories_eng/biazrov_mong.html (last accessed Nov 2020).
Blum, O.B., Dombroskaya, A.V., Inashvili, C.N., Piteran, A.V., Roms, E.G. & Savicz, V.P. 1975. Opredelitel' Lishaĭnikov SSSR, vol. 3, Caliciaceae – Gyalectaceae [Handbook of the lichens of the U.S.S.R., vol. 3, Caliciaceae – Gyalectaceae]. Leningrad: The Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.
Bouckaert, R. & Heled, J. 2014. DensiTree 2: Seeing trees through the forest. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/012401
Bouckaert, R., Heled, J., Kühnert, D., Vaughan, T., Wu, C.-H., Xie, D., Suchard, M.A., Rambaut, A. & Drummond, A.J. 2014. BEAST 2: A software platform for Bayesian evolutionary analysis. PLoS Comput. Biol. 10: e1003537. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003537
Buaruang, K., Boonpragob, K., Mongkolsuk, P., Sangvichien, E., Vongshewarat, K., Polyiam, W., Rangsiruji, A., Saipunkaew, W., Naksuwankul, K., Kalb, J., Parnmen, S., Kraichak, E., Phraphuchamnong, P., Meesim, S., Luangsuphabool, T., Nirongbut, P., Poengsungnoen, V., Duangphui, N., Sodamuk, M., Phokaeo, S., Molsil, M., Aptroot, A., Kalb, K., Luecking, R. & Lumbsch, T. 2017. A new checklist of lichenized fungi occurring in Thailand. MycoKeys 23: 1–91. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.23.12666
Budaeva, S.E. 2014. Redkie i reliktovye lishajniki severo-vostochnogo i vostochnogo poberezh'ja ozera Bajkal i gornyh hrebtov Burjatii [Rare and relict lichens of the north-easten and eastern coast of Lake Baikal and of the mountain ranges of Buryatia]. Pp. 43–48 in: Lihenologija V Rossii: Aktual'nye Problemy i Perspektivy Issledovanij [Second International Conference “Lichenology” in Russia: Problems and Perspectives]. Saint Petersburg: The Russian Academy of Sciences. [in Russian]
Camargo, A., Avila, L.J., Morando, M. & Sites, J.W. 2012. Accuracy and precision of species trees: Effects of locus, individual, and base-pair sampling on inference of species trees in lizards of the Liolaemus darwinii group (Squamata, Liolaemidae). Syst. Biol. 61: 272–288. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syr105
Ceballos, G. & Ehrlich, P.R. 2018. The misunderstood sixth mass extinction. Science 360: 1080–1081. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau0191
Ceballos, G., Ehrlich, P.R., Barnosky, A.D., García, A., Pringle, R.M. & Palmer, T.M. 2015. Accelerated modern human-induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction. Sci. Adv. 1: e1400253. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400253
Chen, J., Wang, Z. & Wang, L. 1994. The lichen genus Sticta from Yunnan of China. Acta Mycol. Sin. 13: 29–33.
Cornejo, C. & Scheidegger, C. 2015. Multi-gene phylogeny of the genus Lobaria: Evidence of species-pair and allopatric cryptic speciation in East Asia. Amer. J. Bot. 102: 2058–2073. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1500207
Crespo, A. & Lumbsch, H.T. 2010. Cryptic species in lichen-forming fungi. IMA Fungus 1: 167–170. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2010.01.02.09
Cubero, O.F., Crespo, A., Fatehi, J. & Bridge, P.D. 1999. DNA extraction and PCR amplification method suitable for fresh, herbarium-stored, lichenized, and other fungi. Pl. Syst. Evol. 216: 243–249. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01084401
Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. 2012. jModelTest 2: More models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature, Meth. 9: 772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109
De Queiroz, K. 2007. Species concepts and species delimitation. Syst. Biol. 56: 879–886. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150701701083
DellaSala, D.A. (ed.) 2011. Temperate and boreal rainforests of the world: Ecology and conservation. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
Dettman, J.R., Jacobson, D.J. & Taylor, J.W. 2003. A multilocus genealogical approach to phylogenetic species recognition in the model eukaryote Neurospora. Evolution 57: 2703–2720. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb01514.x
Devkota, S., Keller, C., Olley, L., Werth, S., Chaudhary, R.P. & Scheidegger, C. 2017. Distribution and national conservation status of the lichen family Lobariaceae (Peltigerales): From subtropical luxuriant forests to the alpine scrub of Nepal Himalaya. Mycosphere 8: 630–648. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/8/4/10
Ding, H. 2010. Zhong wai yao yong bai zi zhi wu zi yuan zhi yao [A summary of Chinese and foreign medicinal spore-bearing plant resources]. Guiyang: Guizhou Science and Technology Press. [in Chinese]
Elix, J.A. 2014. A catalogue of standardized chromatographic data and biosynthetic relationships for lichen substances. Canberra: published by the author.
Elix, J.A. & Lajide, L. 1984. Synthesis of the lichen depsides pseudocyphellarin A and B. Austral. J. Chem. 37: 2153–2157. https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9842153
Esslinger, T.L. 2019. A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada, version 23. Opusc. Philolichenum 18: 102–378.
Fadeeva, M.A. 2005. Nemoral'nye vidy vo flore lishajnikov karelii = Nemoral species in the lichen flora of Karelia. Pp. 255–265 in: Biogeografiâ Karelii: Trudy KarNC RAN. Seriâ “Biologiâ” = Biogeography of Karelia: Proceedings of KarRC RAS. Series “Biology”, vol. 7. Petrozavodsk: KarRC RAS. [in Russian with English abstract]
Fadeeva, T.L. 2009. Izmenenija v spiske lishajnikov v novoj redakcii Krasnoj knigi respubliki Karelija = Changes in the lichens list in the new edition of the Red Data Book of Republic of Karelia. Trans. Karelian Res. Centre Russ. Acad. Sci. 2009(1): 51–56. [in Russian with English abstract]
Fujisawa, T. & Barraclough, T.G. 2013. Delimiting species using single-locus data and the generalized mixed yule coalescent approach: A revised method and evaluation on simulated data sets. Syst. Biol. 62: 707–724. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syt033
Galloway, D.J. 1983. New taxa in the New Zealand lichen flora. New Zealand J. Bot. 21: 191–199.
Galloway, D.J. 2001. Dendriscocaulon. Pp. 38–39 in: McCarthy, P.M. (ed.), Flora of Australia, vol. 58A, Lichens, vol. 3. Melbourne: ABRS/CSIRO.
Galloway, D.J. 2015. Contributions to a history of New Zealand lichenology 5*. James Murray (1923–1961). Phytotaxa 198: 1–67. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.198.1.1
Galloway, D.J. & Elix, J.A. 2013. Reinstatement of Crocodia Link (Lobariaceae: Ascomycota) for five species formerly included in Pseudocyphellaria Vain. Australas. Lichenol. 72: 32–42.
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. 1993. ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes – Application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molec. Ecol. 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
Goward, T. 1994. Notes on oldgrowth-dependent epiphytic macrolichens in inland British Columbia, Canada. Acta Bot. Fenn. 150: 31–38.
Goward, T. & Arsenault, A. 2000. Cyanolichens and conifers: Implications for global conservation. Forest Snow Landscape Res. 75: 303–318.
Goward, T., McCune, B. & Meidinger, D. 1994. The lichens of British Columbia: Illustrated keys, part 1, Foliose and squamulose species. Special Report Series, vol. 8. Victoria, B.C.: Ministry of Forests.
Goward, T., Breuss, O., Ryan, B., McCune, B., Sipman, H. & Scheidegger, C. 1996. Notes on the lichens and allied fungi of British Columbia. III. Bryologist 99: 439. https://doi.org/10.2307/3244108
Heiðmarsson, S.J., Mattsson, E., Moberg, R., Nordin, A., Santesson, R. & Tibell, L. 1997. Classification of lichen photomorphs. Taxon 46: 519–520. https://doi.org/10.2307/1224392
Heled, J. & Drummond, A.J. 2010. Bayesian inference of species trees from multilocus data. Molec. Biol. Evol. 27: 570–580. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp274
Hofstetter, V., Buyck, B., Eyssartier, G., Schnee, S. & Gindro, K. 2019. The unbearable lightness of sequenced-based identification. Fungal Diversity 96: 243–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00428-3
Högnabba, F., Stenroos, S. & Thell, A. 2009. Phylogenetic relationship and evolution of photobiont associations in the Lobariaceae (Peltigerales, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota). Pp. 157–187 in: Thell, A., Seaward, M.R.D. & Feuerer, T. (eds.), Diversity of lichenology: Anniversary volume. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 100. Berlin & Stuttgart: J. Cramer in der Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung.
Hue, A. 1887. Lichenes Yunnanensses a Claro Delavay anno 1885 collectos, et quorum novae species a celeb. W. Nylander descriptae fuerunt. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 34: 16–24.
Hur, J.S., Harada, H., Oh, S.O., Lim, K.M., Kang, E.S., Lee, S.M., Kahng, H.Y., Kim, H.W., Jung, J.S. & Koh, Y.J. 2004. Distribution of lichen flora on South Korea. J. Microbiol. 42: 163–167.
Jayalal, U., Joshi, S., Oh, S.O., Kim, J.A., Koh, Y.J., Crişan, F. & Hur, J.S. 2014. The lichen genus Sticta in South Korea. Mycobiology 42: 6–11. https://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2014.42.1.6
Jørgensen, P.M. 1996. On the nomenclature of lichen phototypes. Taxon 45: 663–664. https://doi.org/10.2307/1224250
Jørgensen, P.M. 1998. What shall we do with the blue-green counterparts? Lichenologist 30: 351–356. https://doi.org/10.1006/lich.1998.0146
Joshi, S., Upreti, D.K. & Das, P. 2016. Lichen diversity assessment in Pindari Glacier Valley of Uttarakhand, India. Geophytology 41: 24–41.
Jukes, T.H. & Cantor, C.R. 1969. Evolution of protein molecules. Pp. 21–132 in: Munro, H.N. (ed), Mammalian protein metabolism. New York: Academic Press.
Karasev, K.A. & Selivanov, A.E. 2014. Protected lichens Sticta wrightii Tuck. in Perm region. Modern Probl. Sci. Educ. 2014(5): art. 614. https://doi.org/10.17513/spno.2014.5
Kashiwadani, H., Moon, K.-H., Inoue, M., Thor, G. & Kim, Y.S. 2002. Lichens of the Cheju Island, Republic of Korea I. The Macrolichens. Monogr. Natl. Sci. Mus. (Tokyo) 22: 115–135.
Katoh, K. 2002. MAFFT: A novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucl. Acids Res. 30: 3059–3066. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkf436
Katoh, K., Asimenos, G. & Toh, H. 2009. Multiple alignment of DNA sequences with MAFFT. Pp. 39–64 in: Posada, D. (ed.), Bioinformatics for DNA sequence analysis. New York: Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-251-9_3
Kauff, F. & Lutzoni, F. 2002. Phylogeny of the Gyalectales and Ostropales (Ascomycota, Fungi): Among and within order relationships based on nuclear ribosomal RNA small and large subunits. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 25: 138–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00214-2
Kauff, F. & Lutzoni, F. 2003. Compat.py – A program to detect topological conflict between supported clades in phylogenetic trees. Available on http://lutzonilab.org/downloadable-programs/
Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minter, D.W. & Stalpers, J.A. (eds.) 2008. Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of the fungi, 10th ed. – Wallingford: CABI. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851998268.0000
Kolbert, E. 2014. The sixth extinction: An unnatural history. New York: Henry Holt.
Kraichak, E., Huang, J.P., Nelsen, M., Leavitt, S.D. & Lumbsch, H.T. 2018. A revised classification of orders and families in the two major subclasses of Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) based on a temporal approach. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 188: 233–249. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boy060
Krempelhuber, A. von 1861. Die Lichenen-Flora Bayerns; oder Aufzählung der bisher in Bayern (diesseits des Rheins) aufgefundenen Lichenen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der verticalen Verbreitung dieser Gewächse in den Alpen. Denkschr. Königl.-Baier. Bot. Ges. Regensburg 4: 1–317.
Krempelhuber, A. von 1862. Ueber das Vorkommen von Ricasolia Wrightii (Tuckerm.) Nyl. in den Alpen Bayerns. Flora 45: 441–444.
Krog, H. 1968. The macrolichens of Alaska. Norsk Polarinst. Skr. 144: 1–180.
Kumar, M. 2000. Lichen (Macrolichen) flora of Kerala part of Western Ghats. Research Report 194. Peechi, Thrissur: Kerala Forest Research Institute.
Kuznetsova, E.S. & Skazina, M.A. 2010. Kizucheniju lishajnikov Kostromskoj oblasti [Contribution to the lichen studying of the Kostroma Region]. Novosti Sist. Nizsh. Rast. 44: 200–209. [in Russian with English abstract]
Lanfear, R., Calcott, B., Ho, S.Y.W. & Guindon, S. 2012. PartitionFinder: Combined selection of partitioning schemes and substitution models for phylogenetic analyses. Molec. Biol. Evol. 29: 1695–1701. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mss020
Lanfear, R., Frandsen, P.B., Wright, A.M., Senfeld, T. & Calcott, B. 2016. PartitionFinder 2: New methods for selecting partitioned models of evolution for molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses. Molec. Biol. Evol. 34: 772–773. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw260
Leavitt, S.D., Esslinger, T.L., Divakar, P.K. & Lumbsch, H.T. 2012. Miocene divergence, phenotypically cryptic lineages, and contrasting distribution patterns in common lichen-forming fungi (Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 107: 920–937. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01978.x
Leavitt, S.D., Moreau, C.S. & Lumbsch, H.T. 2015. The dynamic discipline of species de limitation: Progress toward effectively recognizing species boundaries in natural populations. Pp. 11–44 in: Upreti, D.K., Divakar, P.K., Shukla, V. & Bajpai, R. (eds.), Recent advances in lichenology, vol. 2. New Delhi: Springer.
Lendemer, J.C. 2020. Epitypes are forever: Best practices for an increasingly misused nomenclatural action. Taxon 69: 849–850. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12289
Li, S., Liu, W.-Y. & Li, D.-H. 2013. Epiphytic lichens in subtropical forest ecosystems in southwest China: Species diversity and implications for conservation. Biol. Conservation 159: 88–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.027
Lücking, R. 2019. Stop the abuse of time! Strict temporal banding is not the future of rank-based classifications in fungi (including lichens) and other organisms. Crit. Rev. Pl. Sci. 38: 199–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2019.1650517
Lücking, R., Dal Forno, M., Sikaroodi, M., Gillevet, P.M., Bungartz, F., Moncada, B., Yánez-Ayabaca, A., Chaves, J.L., Coca, L.F. & Lawrey, J.D. 2014. A single macrolichen constitutes hundreds of unrecognized species. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111: 11091–11096. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1403517111
Lücking, R., Nelsen, M.P., Aptroot, A., Benatti, M.N., Binh, N.Q., Gueidan, C., Gutiérrez, M.C., Jungbluth, P., Lumbsch, H.T., Marcelli, M.P., Moncada, B., Naksuwankul, K., Orozco, T., Salazar-Allen, N. & Upreti, D.K. 2016. A pot-pourri of new species of Trypetheliaceae resulting from molecular phylogenetic studies. Lichenologist 48: 639–660. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282916000475
Lücking, R., Hodkinson, B.P. & Leavitt, S.D. 2017a. The 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota – Approaching one thousand genera. Bryologist 119: 361–416. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-119.4.361
Lücking, R., Moncada, B., McCune, B., Farkas, E., Goffinet, B., Parker, D., Chaves, J.L., Lőkös, L., Nelson, P.R., Spribille, T., Stenroos, S., Wheeler, T., Yanez-Ayabaca, A., Dillman, K., Gockman, O.T., Goward, T., Hollinger, J., Tripp, E.A., Villella, J., Álvaro-Alba, W.R., Arango, C.J., Cáceres, M.E.S., Coca, L.F., Printzen, C., Rodríguez, C., Scharnagl, K., Rozzi, R., Soto-Medina, E. & Yakovchenko, L.S. 2017b. Pseudocyphellaria crocata (Ascomycota: Lobariaceae) in the Americas is revealed to be thirteen species, and none of them is P. crocata. Bryologist 120: 441–500. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-120.4.14
Lücking, R., Aime, M.C., Robbertse, B., Miller, A.N., Ariyawansa, H.A., Aoki, T., Cardinali, G., Crous, P.W., Druzhinina, I.S., Geiser, D.M. & Hawksworth, D.L. 2020a. Unambiguous identification of fungi: Where do we stand and how accurate and precise is fungal DNA barcoding? IMA Fungus 11: 1c32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-020-00033-z
Lücking, R., Truong, B.V., Huong, D.T.T., Le, N.H., Nguyen, Q.D., Nguyen, V.D., Von Raab-Straube, E., Bollendorff, S., Govers, K. & Di Vincenzo, V. 2020b. Caveats of fungal barcoding: A case study in Trametes s.lat. (Basidiomycota: Polyporales) in Vietnam reveals multiple issues with mislabelled reference sequences and calls for third-party annotations. Willdenowia 50: 383–403. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.50.50302
Lumbsch, T.H. & Leavitt, S.D. 2011. Goodbye morphology? A paradigm shift in the delimitation of species in lichenized fungi. Fungal Diversity 50: 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0123-z
Magain, N. & Sérusiaux, E. 2015. Dismantling the treasured flagship lichen Sticta fuliginosa (Peltigerales) into four species in Western Europe. Mycol. Progr. 14: art. 97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1109-0
Magain, N., Goffinet, B. & Sérusiaux, E. 2012. Further photomorphs in the lichen family Lobariaceae from Reunion (Mascarene archipelago) with notes on the phylogeny of Dendriscocaulon cyanomorphs. Bryologist 115: 243–254. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-115.2.243
Magain, N., Miadlikowska, J., Goffinet, B., Sérusiaux, E. & Lutzoni, F. 2017. Macroevolution of specificity in cyanolichens of the genus Peltigera section Polydactylon (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota). Syst. Biol. 66: 74–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1109-0
Magain, N., Truong, C., Goward, T., Niu, D., Goffinet, B., Sérusiaux, E., Vitikainen, O., Lutzoni, F. & Miadlikowska, J. 2018. Species delimitation at a global scale reveals high species richness with complex biogeography and patterns of symbiont association in Peltigera section Peltigera (lichenized Ascomycota: Lecanoromycetes). Taxon 67: 836–870. https://doi.org/10.12705/675.3
Makryi, T.V. 2008. Lichens of the genus Sticta (Lobariaceae) in Russia. Bot. Zhurn. (St. Petersburg) 93: 304–316.
Massalongo, A. 1853. Memorie lichenografiche con un' appendice alle ricerche sull' autonomia dei licheni crostosi. Verona: A spese di H. F. Münster. https://books.google.it/books?id=VzIVAAAAYAAJ
Miadlikowska, J., Magain, N., Pardo de la Hoz, C., Niu, D., Goward, T., Sérusiaux, E. & Lutzoni, F. 2018. Species in section Peltidea (aphthosa group) of the genus Peltigera remain cryptic after molecular phylogenetic revision. Pl. Fungal Syst. 63: 45–64. https://doi.org/10.2478/pfs-2018-0007
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. 2010. Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. Pp. 45–52 in: Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), New Orleans, Louisiana, 14 Nov 2010. Piscataway: IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
Moncada, B., Coca, L.F. & Lücking, R. 2013a. Neotropical members of Sticta (lichenized Ascomycota: Lobariaceae) forming photosymbiodemes, with the description of seven new species. Bryologist 116: 169–200. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-116.2.169
Moncada, B., Lücking, R. & Betancourt-Macuase, L. 2013b. Phylogeny of the Lobariaceae (lichenized Ascomycota: Peltigerales), with a reappraisal of the genus Lobariella. Lichenologist 45: 203–263. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282912000825
Moncada, B., Lücking, R. & Suárez, A. 2014. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Sticta (lichenized Ascomycota: Lobariaceae) in Colombia. Fungal Diversity 64: 205–231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0230-0
Moritz, C. 1994. Defining “Evolutionarily Significant Units” for conservation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 9: 373–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(94)90057-4
Nguyen, D.T.M., Do, L.T.M., Tuyet, H.T.N., Ho, M.K.Q., Nguyen, H.T., Mortier, J. & Nguyen, P.K.P. 2019. Chemical constituents of the lichen Dendriscosticta platyphylloides, Lobariaceae. Sci. Technol. Developm. J. 22: 165–172. https://doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v22i1.1219
Nylander, W. 1860 (“1858–1860”). Synopsis methodica lichenum omnium hucusque cognitorum praemissa introductione lingua gallica tractata, vol. 1. Parisiis [Paris]: ex typis L. Martinet. https://books.google.at/books?id=0dA9AAAAYAAJ
Nylander, W. 1885. Addenda nova ad lichenographiam Europaeam. Flora 68: 295–301.
Nylander, W. 1890. Lichenes Japoniae: Accedunt observationibus lichenes insulae Labuan. Parisiis [Paris]: e typis Paul. Schmidt. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96798r
Ohmura, Y. & Kashiwadani, H. (eds.) 2018. Checklist of lichens and allied fungi of Japan. National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs, No. 49. Tokyo: National Museum of Nature and Science.
Orange, A., James, P.W. & White, F.J. 2001. Microchemical methods for the identification of lichens. London: British Lichen Society.
Orock, E.A., Ayuk, E., Leavitt, S.D., Fonge, B.A., St. Clair, L.L. & Lumbsch, H.T. 2012. DNA-based identification of lichen-forming fungi: Can publicly available sequence databases aid in lichen diversity inventories of Mount Cameroon (West Africa)? Lichenologist 44: 833–839. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282912000424
Penn, O., Privman, E., Landan, G., Graur, D. & Pupko, T. 2010. An alignment confidence score capturing robustness to guide-tree uncertainty. Molec. Biol. Evol. 27: 1759–1767. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq443
Pimm, S.L., Jenkins, C.N., Abell, R., Brooks, T.M., Gittleman, J.L., Joppa, L.N., Raven, P.H., Roberts, C.M. & Sexton, J.O. 2014. The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection. Science 344: 1246752. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1246752
Pons, J., Barraclough, T.G., Gomez-Zurita, J., Cardoso, A., Duran, D.P., Hazell, S., Kamoun, S., Sumlin, W.D. & Vogler, A.P. 2006. Sequence-based species delimitation for the DNA taxonomy of undescribed insects. Syst. Biol. 55: 595–609. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150600852011
Puillandre, N., Lambert, A., Brouillet, S. & Achaz, G. 2012. ABGD, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery for primary species delimitation. Molec. Ecol. 21: 1864–1877. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05239.x
Rambaut, A. & Drummond, A.J. 2013. Tracer, version 1.6. http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/tracer/
Rambaut, A., Drummond, A.J., Xie, D., Baele, G. & Suchard, M.A. 2018. Posterior summarisation in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7. Syst. Biol. 67: 901–904. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy032
Ranft, H., Moncada, B., De Lange, P.J., Lumbsch, H.T. & Lücking, R. 2018. The Sticta filix morphodeme (Ascomycota: Lobariaceae) in New Zealand with the newly recognized species S. dendroides and S. menziesii: Indicators of forest health in a threatened island biota? Lichenologist 50: 185–210. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282917000706
Rannala, B. & Yang, Z. 2003. Bayes estimation of species divergence times and ancestral population sizes using DNA sequences from multiple loci. Genetics 164: 1645–1656. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/164.4.1645
Rivas Plata, E., Parnmen, S., Staiger, B., Mangold, A., Frisch, A., Weerakoon, G., Hernández, J., Cáceres, M., Kalb, K., Sipman, H., Common, R., Nelsen, M., Lücking, R. & Lumbsch, T. 2013. A molecular phylogeny of Graphidaceae (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ostropales) including 428 species. MycoKeys 6: 55–94. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.6.3482
Schwarz, G. 1978. Estimating the dimension of a model. Ann. Statist. 6: 461–464.
Shrimpton, R. 2019. GIFT, transnational corporations and the sixth mass extinction. World Nutr. 10: 143–146. https://doi.org/10.26596/wn.2019104143-146
Simon, A., Lücking, R., Moncada, B., Mercado-Díaz, J.A., Bungartz, F., Cáceres, M.E.D.S., Gumboski, E.L., Martins, S.M.D.A., Spielmann, A., Parker, D. & Goffinet, B. 2020. Emmanuelia, a new genus of lobarioid lichen-forming fungi (Ascomycota: Peltigerales): Phylogeny and synopsis of accepted species. Pl. Fungal Syst. 65: 76–94. https://doi.org/10.35535/pfsyst-2020-0004
Søchting, U. 1999. Lichens of Bhutan: Biodiversity and use. Copenhagen: Botanical Institute, University of Copenhagen.
Spribille, T., Fryday, A.M., Pérez-Ortega, S., Svensson, M., Tønsberg, T., Ekman, S., Holien, H., Resl, P., Schneider, K., Stabentheiner, E., Thüs, H., Vondrák, J. & Sharman, L. 2020. Lichens and associated fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska. Lichenologist 52: 61–181. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282920000079
Stamatakis, A. 2014. RAxML version 8: A tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Stehn, S.E., Walton, J.K. & Roland, C.A. 2013. A bryophyte species list for Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, with comments on several new and noteworthy records. Evansia 30: 31–45. https://doi.org/10.1639/079.030.0105
Takahashi, K. 2006. Taxonomic revision of the genus Sticta (Lobariaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in East Asia. Ph.D. thesis. Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan.
Takahashi, K., Wang, L., Tsubota, H. & Deguchi, H. 2006. Photosymbiodemes Sticta wrightii and Dendriscocaulon sp. (lichenized Ascomycota) from Yunnan, China. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 100: 783–796.
Takahashi, K., Anzai, T., Kinoshita, Y. & Harada, H. 2012. Sticta praetextata and S. sublimbata (lichenized Ascomycota; Lobariaceae) new to Japan. Lichenology 11: 1–7.
Taylor, J.W., Jacobson, D.J., Kroken, S., Kasuga, T., Geiser, D.M., Hibbett, D.S. & Fisher, M.C. 2000. Phylogenetic species recognition and species concepts in fungi. Fungal Genet. Biol. 31: 21–32. https://doi.org/10.1006/fgbi.2000.1228
Thomson, S.A., Pyle, R.L., Ahyong, S.T., Alonso-Zarazaga, M., Ammirati, J., Araya, J.F., Ascher, J.S. & al., 2018. Taxonomy based on science is necessary for global conservation. PLoS Biol. 16: e2005075. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2005075
Tønsberg, T. & Goward, T. 2001. Sticta oroborealis sp. nov., and other pacific North American lichens forming Dendriscocauloid cyanotypes. Bryologist 104: 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745(2001)104[0012:SOSNAO]2.0.CO;2
Trevisan, V. 1869. Lichenotheca Veneta, ser. I, fasc. II (Appendix): 77. Lobaria platyphylla Trevis. http://dryades.units.it/lichenothecaveneta/en/index.php
Tuckerman, E. 1859. Supplement to an Enumeration of North American Lichenes. Amer. J. Sci. Arts 28: 200–206.
Türk, R. & Wunder, H. 2000. Die Flechten des Nationalparks Berchtesgaden und angrenzender Gebiete. Forschungsbericht, 42. Berchtesgaden: Nationalparkverwaltung Berchtesgaden.
Upreti, D.K.M. & Ranjan, M. 1988. A note on some macro lichens from Thimphu District, Bhutan. J. Recent Adv. Appl. Sci. 3: 426–432.
Wang, L.S. & Qian, Z.G. 2013. Zhong guo yao yong di yi tu jian [Illustrated medicinal lichens of China]. Kunming: Yunnan Keji Chubanshe. [Bilingual in English and Chinese]
Weerakoon, G. 2015. Fascinating lichens of Sri Lanka. Colombo: Ceylon Tea Services, PLC.
Weerakoon, G. & Aptroot, A. 2014. Over 200 new lichen records from Sri Lanka, with three new species to science. Cryptog. Mycol. 35: 51–62. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym.v35.iss1.2014.51
Wei, J.C. 1991. An enumeration of lichens in China. Beijing: International Academic Publishers.
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J.L. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. Pp. 315–322 in: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (eds.), PCR protocols: A guide to methods and applications. San Diego: Academic Press.
Widhelm, T.J., Bertoletti, F.R., Asztalos, M.J., Mercado-Díaz, J.A., Huang, J.P., Moncada, B. Lücking, R., Magain, N., Sérusiaux, E., Goffinet, B., Crouch, N., Mason-Gamer, R. & Lumbsch, H.T. 2018. Oligocene origin and drivers of diversification in the genus Sticta (Lobariaceae, Ascomycota). Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 126: 58–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.04.006
Widhelm, T.J., Grewe, F., Huang, J.P., Mercado-Díaz, J.A., Goffinet, B., Lücking, R., Moncada, B., Mason-Gamer, R. & Lumbsch, H.T. 2019. Multiple historical processes obscure phylogenetic relationships in a taxonomically difficult group (Lobariaceae, Ascomycota). Sci. Rep. 9: art. 8968. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45455-x
Wolseley, P.A., Begona, A.H. & McCarthy, P.M. 2002. Catalogue of the lichens of Thailand. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. London, Bot. 32: 13–59. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0968044602000038
Xu, Z.F. & Liu, H.M. 1996. The loss and restoration of biodiversity in degraded tropical rainforest ecosystems. Acta Bot. Yunnan. 18: 433–438.
Yang, Z. & Rannala, B. 2010. Bayesian species delimitation using multilocus sequence data. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107: 9264–9269. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0913022107
Yoshimura, I. 1974. Lichen flora of Japan in colour. Osaka: Hoikusha.
Yoshimura, I. & Hurutani, R. 1987. Fine structures of cyphellae, pseudocyphellae and allied structures in lichen family Lobariaceae as determined by scanning electron microscopy. Bull. Kochi Gakuen Coll. 18: 345–359. [in Japanese with English abstract]
Yu, G., Smith, D.K., Zhu, H., Guan, Y. & Lam, T.T.T. 2017. Ggtree: An R package for visualization and annotation of phylogenetic trees with their covariates and other associated data. Meth. Ecol. Evol. 8: 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12628
Yule, G. 1924. A mathematical theory of evolution, based on the conclusions of Dr. JC Willis. Philos. Trans., Ser. B. 213: 21–87. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1925.0002
Zahlbruckner, A. 1925. Catalogus lichenum universalis, vol. 3. Leipzig: Borntraeger.