Saegerman, Claude ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI) > Epidémiologie et analyse des risques appl. aux sc. vétér.
Language :
English
Title :
Emergence of Besnoitia besnoiti in Belgium
Publication date :
2021
Journal title :
Pathogens
eISSN :
2076-0817
Publisher :
Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI), Basel, Switzerland
Ellis, J.T.; Holmdahl, O.J.; Ryce, C.; Njenga, J.M.; Harper, P.A.; Morrison, D.A. Molecular phylogeny of Besnoitia and the genetic relationships among Besnoitia of cattle, wildebeest and goats. Protist 2000, 151, 329–336. [CrossRef]
Dubey, J.P.; Sreekumar, C.; Donovan, T.; Rozmanec, M.; Rosenthal, B.M.; Vianna, M.C.; Belden, J.S. Redescription of Besnoitia bennetti (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) from the donkey (Equus asinus). Int. J. Parasitol. 2005, 35, 659–672. [CrossRef]
Cortes, H.; Leitao, A.; Gottstein, B.; Hemphill, A. A review on bovine besnoitiosis: A disease with economic impact in herd health management, caused by Besnoitia besnoiti (Franco and Borges, 1916). Parasitology 2014, 141, 1406–1417. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Alzieu, J.P.; Cortes, H.; Gottstein, B.; Jacquiet, P.; Dorchies, P.; Schelcher, F.; L’hostis, M. La besnoitiose bovine: Actualités épidémiologiques et diagnostiques. Bull. G.T.V.—Hors Série Parasitol. Bov. Nouv. Approche 2007, 40, 41–49.
Lienard, E.; Salem, A.; Grisez, C.; Prevot, F.; Bergeaud, J.P.; Franc, M.; Gottstein, B.; Alzieu, J.P.; Lagalisse, Y.; Jacquiet, P. A longitudinal study of Besnoitia besnoiti infections and seasonal abundance of Stomoxys calcitrans in a dairy cattle farm of southwest France. Vet. Parasitol. 2011, 177, 20–27. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Lienard, E.; Salem, A.; Jacquiet, P.; Grisez, C.; Prevot, F.; Blanchard, B.; .Bouhsira, E.; Franc, M. Development of a protocol testing the ability of Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Muscidae) to transmit Besnoitia besnoiti (Henry, 1913) (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae). Parasitol. Res. 2013, 112, 479–486. [CrossRef]
Juste, R.A.; Cuervo, L.A.; Marco, J.C.; Oregui, L.M. La besnoitiosis bovina: ¿ desconocida en España? Med. Vet. 1990, 7, 613–618.
Pols, J.W. Studies on bovine besnoitiosis with special reference to the aetiology. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 1960, 28, 265–356.
Efsa. Bovine Besnoitiosis: An emerging disease in Europe. Efsa J. 2010, 8, 1499.
Jacquiet, P.; Lienard, E.; Franc, M. Bovine besnoitiosis: Epidemiological and clinical aspects. Vet. Parasitol. 2010, 174, 30–36. [CrossRef]
Alvarez-Garcia, G.; Frey, C.F.; Mora, L.M.; Schares, G. A century of bovine besnoitiosis: An unknown disease re-emerging in Europe. Trends Parasitol. 2013, 29, 407–415. [CrossRef]
Mehlhorn, H.; Klimpel, S.; Schein, E.; Heydorn, A.O.; Al-Quraishy, S.; Selmair, J. Another African disease in Central Europa: Besnoitiosis of cattle. I. Light and electron microscopical study. Parasitol. Res. 2009, 104, 861–868. [CrossRef]
Mutinelli, F.; Schiavon, E.; Ceglie, L.; Fasolato, M.; Natale, A.; Rampin, F.; Carminato, A. Bovine besnoitiosis in imported cattle in Italy. Vet. Parasitol. 2011, 178, 198. [CrossRef]
Lesser, M.; Braun, U.; Deplazes, P.; Gottstein, B.; Hilbe, M.; Basso, W. First cases of besnoitiosis in cattle in Switzerland. Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd. 2012, 154, 469–474. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Vanhoudt, A.; Pardon, B.; De Schutter, P.; Bosseler, L.; Sarre, C.; Vercruysse, J.; Deprez, P. First confirmed case of bovine besnoitiosis in an imported bull in Belgium. Vlaams Diergeneeskd. Tijdschr. 2015, 84, 205–211. [CrossRef]
Gentile, A.; Militerno, G.; Schares, G.; Nanni, A.; Testoni, S.; Bassi, P.; Gollnick, N.S. Evidence for bovine besnoitiosis being endemic in Italy–first in vitro isolation of Besnoitia besnoiti from cattle born in Italy. Vet. Parasitol. 2012, 184, 108–115. [CrossRef]
Renault, V.; Damiaans, B.; Sarrazin, S.; Humblet, M.F.; Dewulf, J.; Saegerman, C. Biosecurity practices in Belgian cattle farming: Level of implementation, constraints and weaknesses. Transbound. Emerg. Dis. 2018, 65, 1246–1261. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Bigalke, R.D. New concepts on the epidemiological features of bovine besnoitiosis as determined by laboratory and field investigations. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 1968, 35, 3–137.
Alzieu, J.-P.; Lienard, E.; Franc, M. New data on kinetics of infection by Besnoitiosis in cattle herds from endemic and non-endemic french areas. In Proceedings of the European Buiatrics Forum, Marseille, France, 16–18 November 2011.
Gazzonis, A.L.; Alvarez Garcia, G.; Maggioni, A.; Zanzani, S.A.; Olivieri, E.; Compiani, R.; Sironi, G.; Ortega-Mora, L.M.; Manfredi, M.T. Serological dynamics and risk factors of Besnoitia besnoiti infection in breeding bulls from an endemically infected purebred beef herd. Parasitol. Res. 2017, 116, 1383–1393. [CrossRef]
Nieto-Rodriguez, J.M.; Calero-Bernal, R.; Alvarez-Garcia, G.; Gutierrez-Exposito, D.; Redondo-Garcia, E.; Fernandez-Garcia, J.L.; Martinez-Estellez, M.A. Characterization of an outbreak of emerging bovine besnoitiosis in southwestern Spain. Parasitol. Res. 2016, 115, 2887–2892. [CrossRef]
Fernandez-Garcia, A.; Alvarez-Garcia, G.; Risco-Castillo, V.; Aguado-Martinez, A.; Marcen, J.M.; Rojo-Montejo, S.; Castillo, J.A.; Ortega-Mora, L.M. Development and use of an indirect ELISA in an outbreak of bovine besnoitiosis in Spain. Vet. Rec. 2010, 166, 818–822. [CrossRef]
Baldacchino, F.; Gardes, L.; De Stordeur, E.; Jay-Robert, P.; Garros, C. Blood-feeding patterns of horse flies in the French Pyrenees. Vet. Parasitol. 2014, 199, 283–288. [CrossRef]
Gutierrez-Exposito, D.; Arnal, M.C.; Martinez-Duran, D.; Regidor-Cerrillo, J.; Revilla, M.; de Luco, L.F.; Jimenez-Melendez, A.; Calero-Bernal, R.; Habela, M.A.; Garcia-Bocanegra, I.; et al. The role of wild ruminants as reservoirs of Besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle. Vet. Parasitol. 2016, 223, 7–13. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Saegerman, C.; Bertagnoli, S.; Meyer, G.; Ganiere, J.P.; Caufour, P.; De Clercq, K.; Jacquiet, P.; Fournie, G.; Hautefeuille, C.; Etore, F.; et al. Risk of introduction of lumpy skin disease in France by the import of vectors in animal trucks. PLoS ONE 2018, 13, e0198506. [CrossRef]
Anonymous. Arrêté Royal Relatif à la Lutte Contre la Rhinotrachéite Infectieuse Bovine. Retrieved from JUSTEL—Législation Consolidée. Available online: http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/eli/arrete/2016/11/25/2016024273/justel (accessed on 1 November 2021).
Cortes, H.; Nunes, S.; Reis, Y.; Staubli, D.; Vidal, R.; Sager, H.; Gottstein, B. Immunodiagnosis of Besnoitia besnoiti infection by ELISA and Western blot. Vet. Parasitol. 2006, 141, 216–225. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Garcia-Lunar, P.; Ortega-Mora, L.M.; Schares, G.; Gollnick, N.S.; Jacquiet, P.; Grisez, C.; Prevot, F.; Frey, C.F.; Gottstein, B.; Alvarez-Garcia, G. An inter-laboratory comparative study of serological tools employed in the diagnosis of Besnoitia besnoiti infection in bovines. Transbound. Emerg. Dis. 2013, 60, 59–68. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Millan, J.; Sobrino, R.; Rodriguez, A.; Oleaga, A.; Gortazar, C.; Schares, G. Large-scale serosurvey of Besnoitia besnoiti in free-living carnivores in Spain. Vet. Parasitol. 2012, 190, 241–245. [CrossRef]
Schares, G.; Basso, W.; Majzoub, M.; Rostaher, A.; Scharr, J.C.; Langenmayer, M.C.; Selmair, J.; Dubey, J.P.; Cortes, H.C.; Conraths, F.J.; et al. Comparative evaluation of immunofluorescent antibody and new immunoblot tests for the specific detection of antibodies against Besnoitia besnoiti tachyzoites and bradyzoites in bovine sera. Vet. Parasitol. 2010, 171, 32–40. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
