[en] Background: Thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), an indispensable cofactor for oxidative energy metabolism, is syn- thesized through the reaction thiamine + ATP ⇆ ThDP + AMP, catalyzed by thiamine pyrophosphokinase 1 (TPK1), a cytosolic dimeric enzyme. It was claimed that the equilibrium of the reaction is in favor of the for- mation of thiamine and ATP, at odds with thermodynamic calculations. Here we show that this discrepancy is due to feedback inhibition by the product ThDP.
Methods: We used a purified recombinant mouse TPK1 to study reaction kinetics in the forward (physiological) and for the first time also in the reverse direction.
Results: Keq values reported previously are strongly underestimated, due to the fact the reaction in the forward direction rapidly slows down and reaches a pseudo-equilibrium as ThDP accumulates. We found that ThDP is a potent non-competitive inhibitor (Ki ≈ 0.4 μM) of the forward reaction. In the reverse direction, a true equi- librium is reached with a Keq of about 2 × 10− 5, strongly in favor of ThDP formation. In the reverse direction, we found a very low Km for ThDP (0.05 μM), in agreement with a tight binding of ThDP to the enzyme.
General significance: Inhibition of TPK1 by ThDP explains why intracellular ThDP levels remain low after administration of even very high doses of thiamine. Understanding the consequences of this feedback inhibition is essential for developing reliable methods for measuring TPK activity in tissue extracts and for optimizing the therapeutic use of thiamine and its prodrugs with higher bioavailability under pathological conditions.
Research center :
Giga-Neurosciences - ULiège
Disciplines :
Biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology
Author, co-author :
Sambon, Margaux
Pavlova, Oleksandra
Alhama-Riba, Judit
Wins, Pierre
Brans, Alain ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la vie > Centre d'ingénierie des protéines
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [BE] FRIA - Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture [BE] Erasmus+ [BE] Fonds Léon Fredericq [BE]
Funding text :
Experimental Scholarship for Central & Eastern Europe from the FEBS
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