Toxic effects of a mixture of five pharmaceutical drugs assessed using Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw.

[en] The potential health risks associated with the pharmaceuticals released into the environment through effluents from sewage treatment plants have become a major cause for concern. Owing to the lack of effective indicators, monitoring the concentration of these pollutants in the aquatic environment is challenging. The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of a mixture of five pharmaceutical drugs (paracetamol, carbamazepine, diclofenac, irbesartan, and naproxen) using the aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica as a bioindicator and bioaccumulator. We examined the effects of the drug mixture on the cellular antioxidant system, chlorophyll content, and morphological traits of F. antipyretica. The plant was exposed for 5 months to three concentrations of the mixture, including the environmental concentration (MX1), and 10- (MX10) and 100-times (MX100) the environmental concentration. The results showed that only carbamazepine and irbesartan were accumulated by the species. The bioconcentration level increased with exposure time, with the maximum uptake at the 4th month of exposure. The increase in bioaccumulation with exposure time was more evident in plants exposed to MX100. Analysis of the activity of antioxidant enzymes showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1.) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6.) were highly sensitive to the drug mixture. The activity of the enzymes was significantly higher in plants exposed to MX100; however, the activity of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX, EC 1.11.1.7.) was not significantly affected. Plants exposed to MX10 and MX100 had significantly lower total chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b ratio compared with those of plants in the control group; however, photosynthetic activity was restored after 5 months of exposure. The morphological characteristics of F. antipyretica were less sensitive to the treatment conditions.

Disciplines :

Chemistry
Aquatic sciences & oceanology

Author, co-author :

Sossey Alaoui, Khadija ; Université de Liège - ULiège > DER Sc. et gest. de l'environnement (Arlon Campus Environ.) > Eau, Environnement, Développement

Tychon, Bernard ; Université de Liège - ULiège > DER Sc. et gest. de l'environnement (Arlon Campus Environ.) > Eau, Environnement, Développement

Joaquim, Sandrine

Geffard, Alain

Nott, Katherine

Ronkart, Sébastien

Porcher, Jean-Marc

Beaudouin, Rémy

Robert, Christelle

Fauconnier, Marie-Laure ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Chimie des agro-biosystèmes

Saive, Matthew ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Terra

Language :

English

Title :

Toxic effects of a mixture of five pharmaceutical drugs assessed using Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw.

Publication date :

September 2021

Journal title :

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

ISSN :

0147-6513

eISSN :

1090-2414

Publisher :

Elsevier, Atlanta, United States - Florida

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 03 October 2021

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