[en] Heart rate is evaluated in exercising horses to monitor the level of fitness to exercise, and it is usually acquired using heart rate monitors (HRM) or telemetric electrocardiograms (ECG). While HRM are com- monly available and easy-to-use for horse’s owners, ECG is a more expensive equipment requiring user’s experience. Interest for heart rate variability (HRV) in horses is increasing for both research and clini- cal purposes. HRV is usually calculated from interbeat intervals (IBI) obtained by ECG. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of an HRM to detect IBI for the calculation of HRV in both resting and exercising horses. Simultaneous ECG and HRM recordings were performed on 13 horses and ponies under normal training conditions for at least 45 minutes. IBI from ECG were corrected using a dedi- cated software. IBI from HRM were exported without correction. Two HRV-parameters were calculated on both recordings for resting and exercising periods: the standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDRR) and the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD). Agreement and concordance between the two systems were determined using Bland-Altman plot and Lin’s correlation coefficient, respectively. Effects of variables were consequently assessed. For both HRV-parameters during resting and exercising periods, the means of the differences between the two systems were lower than 0.47 ms with a correlation co- efficient higher than 0.999. Height, weight and body condition score had no effect on the results. The studied HRM could be of interest as easy-to-use device for obtaining HRV-parameters SDRR and RMSSD in resting and exercising horses.
Art, Tatiana ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences fonctionnelles (DSF) > Phys. neuro-muscul., de l'effort - Méd. sport. des animaux
Language :
English
Title :
Accuracy of a heart rate monitor for calculating heart rate variability parameters in exercising horses
Arfuso, F, Giannetto, C, Giudice, E, Fazio, F, Piccione, G., Dynamic change of free serum L-carnitine concentration in relation to age, sex, and exercise in anglo-arabian thoroughbred horses. J Equine Vet Sci, 97, 2021, 103343, 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103343.
Arfuso, F, Giannetto, C, Giudice, E, Fazio, F, Panzera, F, Piccione, G., Venous blood acid-base status in show jumper horses subjected to different physical exercises. J Equine Vet Sci, 94, 2020, 103251, 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103251.
Assenza, A, Arfuso, F, Fazio, F, Giannetto, C, Rizzo, M, Zumbo, A, et al. Effect of gender and jumping exercise on leukocyte number, dopamine and prolactin levels in horses. Thai J Vet Med 48:1 (2018), 95–101.
Bazzano, M, Giudice, E, Rizzo, M, Congiu, F, Zumbo, A, Arfuso, F, et al. Application of a combined global positioning and heart rate monitoring system in jumper horses during an official competition - A preliminary study. Acta Vet Hung 64:2 (2016), 189–200, 10.1556/004.2016.019.
Arfuso, F, Giannetto, C, Giudice, E, Fazio, F, Panzera, M, Piccione, G., Peripheral modulators of the central fatigue development and their relationship with athletic performance in jumper horses. Animals, 11(3), 2021, 743, 10.3390/ani11030743.
Vermeulen, AD, Evans, DL., Measurements of fitness in thoroughbred racehorses using field studies of heart rate and velocity with a global positioning system. Equine Vet J Suppl. 36 (2006), 113–117, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05525.x.
Littlejohn, A, Kruger, JM, Bowles, F., Exercise studies in horses: 2. the cardiac response to exercise in normal horses and in horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Equine Vet J 9:2 (1977), 75–83, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1977.tb03986.x.
Ohmura, H, Hobo, S, Hiraga, A, Jones, JH., Changes in heart rate and heart rate variability during transportation of horses by road and air. Am J Vet Res 73:4 (2012), 515–521, 10.2460/ajvr.73.4.515.
Evans, DL, Harris, RC, Snow, DH., Correlation of racing performance with blood lactate and heart rate after exercise in thoroughbred horses. Equine Vet J 25:5 (1993), 441–445, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02987.x.
van Erck-Westergren, E., Value of Field Trials to Investigate Poor Performance in Sport Horses. Equine Vet J, 46, 2014, 14, 10.1111/evj.12267_43.
van Vollenhoven, E, Grant, CC, Fletcher, L, Ganswindt, A, Page, PC., Repeatability and reliability of heart rate variability in healthy, adult pony mares. J Equine Vet Sci 46 (2016), 73–81, 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.07.006.
van Vollenhoven, E, Fletcher, L, Page, PC, Ganswindt, A, Grant, CC., Heart rate variability in healthy, adult pony mares during transrectal palpation of the reproductive tract by veterinary students. J Equine Vet Sci 58 (2017), 68–77, 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.08.013.
Vitale, V, Viu, J, Armengou, L, Ríos, J, Jose-Cunilleras, E., Prognostic value of measuring heart rate variability at the time of hospital admission in horses with colic. Am J Vet Res 81:2 (2020), 147–152, 10.2460/ajvr.81.2.147.
Kinnunen, S, Laukkanen, R, Haldi, J, Hanninen, O, Atalay, M., Heart rate variability in trotters during different training periods. Equine Vet J Suppl. 36:Suppl. 36 (2006), 214–217, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05542.x.
Frick, L, Schwarzwald, CC, Mitchell, KJ., The use of heart rate variability analysis to detect arrhythmias in horses undergoing a standard treadmill exercise test. J Vet Intern Med 33:1 (2019), 212–224, 10.1111/jvim.15358.
Broux, B, De Clercq, D, Vera, L, Ven, S, Deprez, P, Decloedt, A, et al. Can heart rate variability parameters derived by a heart rate monitor differentiate between atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm?. BMC Vet Res, 14(1), 2018, 320, 10.1186/s12917-018-1650-6.
Williams, J, Kenworthy, K, Jones, T, Marlin, D, Tabor, G., The role of heart rate monitoring to assess workload during maintenance interval training in national hunt racehorses. J Vet Behav 30 (2019), 54–60, 10.1016/j.jveb.2018.12.003.
Navas de Solis, C., Cardiovascular response to exercise and training, exercise testing in horses. Vet Clin North Am - Equine Pract 35:1 (2019), 159–173, 10.1016/j.cveq.2018.11.003.
Hernando, D, Garatachea, N, Almeida, R, Casajús, JA, Bailón, R., Validation of heart rate monitor Polar RS800 for heart rate variability analysis during exercise. J Strength Cond Res 32:3 (2018), 716–725, 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001662.
Carroll, CL, Huntington, PJ., Body condition scoring and weight estimation of horses. Equine Vet J 20:1 (1988), 41–45, 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1988.tb01451.x.
Olejnik, S, Algina, J., Generalized eta and omega squared statistics: measures of effect size for some common research designs. Psychol Methods 8:4 (2003), 434–447, 10.1037/1082-989X.8.4.434.
Bland, JM, Altman, DG., Measuring agreement in method comparison studies. Stat Methods Med Res 8:2 (1999), 135–160, 10.1177/096228029900800204.
Lin, LI-K., A Concordance Correlation Coefficient to Evaluate Reproducibility. Biometrics 45:1 (1989), 255–268, 10.2307/2532051.
Matthay, EC, Hagan, E, Gottlieb, LM, Tan, ML, Vlahov, D, Adler, N, et al. Powering population health research: Considerations for plausible and actionable effect sizes. SSM Popul Health, 14, 2021, 100789, 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100789.
Martin, BB, Reef, VB, Parente, EJ, Sage, AD., Causes of poor performance of horses during training, racing, or showing: 348 cases (1992-1996). J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:4 (2000), 554–558, 10.2460/javma.2000.216.554.
Parker, M, Goodwin, D, Eager, RA, Redhead, ES, Marlin, DJ., Comparison of Polar heart rate interval data with simultaneously recorded ECG signals in horses. Comp Exerc Physiol 6:4 (2009), 137–142, 10.1017/S1755254010000024.
Lenoir, A, Trachsel, DS, Younes, M, Barrey, E, Robert, C., Agreement between electrocardiogram and heart rate meter is low for the measurement of heart rate variability during exercise in young endurance horses. Front Vet Sci, 4, 2017, 170, 10.3389/fvets.2017.00170.
ter Woort, F, Dubois, G, Didier, M, Van Erck-Westergren, E., Validation of an equine fitness tracker: heart rate and heart rate variability. Comp Exerc Physiol 17:2 (2021), 189–198, 10.3920/cep200028.