Hydric and Durability Performances of Compressed Earth Blocks Stabilized with Industrial and Agro By-Product Binders: Calcium Carbide Residue and Rice Husk Ash
[en] This study investigated the hydric and durability performances of compressed earth blocks (CEBs) stabilized with calcium carbide residue (CCR) and rice husk ash (RHA). Dry mixtures were prepared using kaolinite-rich earthen material and 0%–25% CCR or 20∶0% to 12∶8% CCR:RHA of the weight of the earth. Moistened mixtures were manually compressed to produce CEBs (295×140×95 mm). Stabilized CEBs were cured at 30°C±5°C and wrapped in plastic bags for 45 days. The cured CEBs were dried and tested for water absorption and other indicators of durability. Unstabilized CEBs immediately degraded in water. The stabilized CEBs were stable in water, with a very low coefficient of capillary absorption (<20 g/cm2⋅min1/2) and excellent durability indicators. They resisted erosion at a standard water pressure (50 kPa) and at a pressure of 500 kPa. The coefficient of surface abrasion improved far higher than the 7 cm2/g recommended for the construction of facing masonry. It also increased after wetting-drying cycles and correlated with the evolution of compressive strength. This correlation can be used as the nondestructive test of stabilized CEBs.
Disciplines :
Civil engineering
Author, co-author :
Nshimiyimana, Philbert; Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (Institut 2iE) > Laboratoire Eco-Matériaux et Habitats Durables (LEMHaD)
Courard, Luc ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département ArGEnCo > Matériaux de construction non métalliques du génie civil
Messan, Adamah; Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement (Institut 2iE) > Laboratoire Eco-Matériaux et Habitats Durables (LEMHaD)
Language :
English
Title :
Hydric and Durability Performances of Compressed Earth Blocks Stabilized with Industrial and Agro By-Product Binders: Calcium Carbide Residue and Rice Husk Ash
Publication date :
2021
Journal title :
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
ISSN :
0899-1561
Publisher :
American Society of Civil Engineers, United States - New York
Volume :
33
Issue :
6
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Name of the research project :
Amélioration de la qualité de l'habitat en briques de terre comprimées au Burkina Faso
Funders :
ARES CCD - Académie de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur. Coopération au Développement
scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.
Bibliography
Abhilash, H. N., P. Walker, B. V. V. Reddy, A. Heath, and, D. Maskell. 2020. " Compressive strength of novel alkali-activated stabilized earth materials incorporating solid wastes." J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (2015): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003188.
AFNor (Association Française de Normalisation). 2001. XP P13-901: Blocs de terre comprimée pour murs et cloisons, Définitions-Spécifications-Méthodes d'essais-Conditions de réception. [In French] Paris: AFNor.
AFNor (Association Française de Normalisation). 2010. NF P 18-459: Essai pour béton durci-Essai de porosité et de masse volumique. [In French] Paris: AFNor.
AFNor (Association Française de Normalisation). 2017. PR XP P13-901: Blocs de terre comprimée pour murs et cloisons-Définitions-Spécifications-Méthodes d'essai-Conditions de réception. [In French] Paris: AFNor.
Al-Fakih, A., B. S. Mohammed, M. S. Liew, and, E. Nikbakht. 2019. " Incorporation of waste materials in the manufacture of masonry bricks: An update review." J. Build. Eng. 21 (Jan): 37-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.09.023.
Arrigoni, A., C. Beckett, D. Ciancio, and, G. Dotelli. 2017 a. " Life cycle analysis of environmental impact vs. durability of stabilised rammed earth." Constr. Build. Mater. 142 (Jul): 128-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.066.
Arrigoni, A., R. Pelosato, G. Dotelli, C. T. S. Beckett, and, D. Ciancio. 2017 b. " Weathering's beneficial effect on waste-stabilised rammed earth: A chemical and microstructural investigation." Constr. Build. Mater. 140 (Jun): 157-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.009.
ASTM. 2015. Standard test methods for wetting and drying compacted soil-cement mixtures. D559/D559M-15. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
CDE (Center for Development of Enterprise), CRATerre-EAG (Centre international de la construction en terre-École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Grenoble), & ENTPE (École National des Travaux Publiques de l'État). 2000. Compressed earth blocks: Testing procedures guide-technology series N° 16. Brussels-Belgium: CDE (ARSO).
CDI&CRATerre (Center for Development of Industry & Centre international de la construction en terre). 1998. Compressed earth blocks-standards: Guide technologies series N° 11. Brussels, Belgium: CDI&CRATerre.
Azeko, S. T., E. K. Arthur, Y. Danyuo, and, M. Babagana. 2018. " Mechanical and physical properties of laterite bricks reinforced with reprocessed polyethylene waste for building applications." J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (4): 04018039. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002205.
Beckett, C. T. S., P. A. Jaquin, and, J. Morel. 2020. " Weathering the storm: A framework to assess the resistance of earthen structures to water damage." Constr. Build. Mater. 242 (May): 118098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118098.
Bogas, J. A., M. Silva, and, M. Gomes. 2019. " Unstabilized and stabilized compressed earth blocks with partial incorporation of recycled aggregates of recycled aggregates." Inter. J. Archit. Heritage 3058 (1): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2018.1442891.
Bui, Q.-B., J. C. Morel, B. V. Venkatarama-Reddy, and, W. Ghayad. 2009. " Durability of rammed earth walls exposed for 20 years to natural weathering." Build. Environ. 44 (5): 912-919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.07.001.
Cassagnabère, F., M. Lachemi, M. Mouret, and, G. Escadeillas. 2011. " Caractérisation performantielle d'un liant ternaire à base de ciment, laitier et métakaolin." [In French] Can. J. Civ. Eng. 38 (8): 837-848. https://doi.org/10.1139/l11-043.
Dahmen, A. J. 2015. " Who's afraid of raw earth? Experimental wall in New England and the environmental cost of stabilization." In Proc., 1st Int. Conf. on Rammed Earth Construction, ICREC 2015, 85-88. London: Institute of Civil Engineers Publishing.
Gomes, M. I., T. D. Gonçalves, and, P. Faria. 2016. " Hydric behavior of earth materials and the effects of their stabilization with cement or lime: Study on repair mortars for historical rammed earth structures." J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 28 (7): 04016041. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001536.
Guettala, A., A. Abibsi, and, H. Houari. 2006. " Durability study of stabilized earth concrete under both laboratory and climatic conditions exposure." Constr. Build. Mater. 20 (3): 119-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.02.001.
Hakimi, A., H. Ouissi, M. Kortbi, and, N. Yamani. 1998. " Un test d'humidification-séchage pour les blocs de terre comprimée et stabilisée au ciment." [In French] Mater. Struct. 31 (1): 20-26.
Hema, C., A. Messan, A. Lawane, and, G. Van Moeseke. 2020. " Impact of the design of walls made of compressed earth blocks on the thermal comfort of housing in hot climate." Building 10 (9): 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings10090157.
Hughes, E., R. Valdes-Vasquez, and, J. W. Elliott. 2017. " Perceptions of compressed earth block among residential contractors in North Carolina: An exploratory evaluation." J. Green Build. 12 (4): 89-107. https://doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.12.4.89.
Izemmouren, O., A. Guettala, and, S. Guettala. 2015. " Mechanical properties and durability of lime and natural pozzolana stabilized steam-cured compressed earth block bricks." Geotech. Geol. Eng. 33 (5): 1321-1333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-015-9904-6.
Latifi, N., F. Vahedifard, E. Ghazanfari, and, A. S. A. Rashid. 2018. " Sustainable usage of calcium carbide residue for stabilization of clays." J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (6): 04018099. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002313.
Mango-Itulamya, L. A., F. Collin, and, N. Fagel. 2020. " Improvement of lifetime of compressed earth blocks by adding limestone, sandstone and porphyry aggregates." J. Build. Eng. 29 (May): 101155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101155.
Masuka, S., W. Gwenzi, and, T. Rukuni. 2018. " Development, engineering properties and potential applications of unfired earth bricks reinforced by coal fly ash, lime and wood aggregates." J. Build. Eng. 18 (Jul): 312-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.03.010.
Medvey, B., and, G. Dobszay. 2020. " Durability of stabilized earthen constructions: A review." Geotech. Geol. Eng. 6 (Jan): 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-020-01208-6.
Morel, J. C., J. E. Aubert, Y. Millogo, E. Hammard, and, A. Fabbri. 2013. " Some observations about the paper 'Earth construction: Lessons from the past for future eco-efficient construction' by F. Pacheco-Torgal and S. Jalali." Constr. Build. Mater. 44 (Apr): 419-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.02.054.
Morel, J. C., and, R. Charef. 2019. " What are the barriers affecting the use of earth as a modern construction material in the context of circular economy? " Earth Environ. Sci. 225 (1): 012053. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/225/1/012053.
Moussa, S. H., P. Nshimiyimana, C. Hema, O. Zoungrana, A. Messan, and, L. Courard. 2019. " Comparative study of thermal comfort induced from masonry made of stabilized compressed earth block vs. conventional cementitious material." J. Miner. Mater. Charact. Eng. 7 (6): 385-403. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2019.76026.
Ngowi, A. B. 1997. " Improving the traditional earth construction: A case study of Botswana." Constr. Build. Mater. 11 (1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(97)00006-8.
Nshimiyimana, P., N. Fagel, A. Messan, D. O. Wetshondo, and, L. Courard. 2020 b. " Physico-chemical and mineralogical characterization of clay materials suitable for production of stabilized compressed earth blocks." Constr. Build. Mater. 241 (Apr): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118097.
Nshimiyimana, P., S. H. Moussa, A. Messan, and, L. Courard. 2020 c. " Effect of production and curing conditions on the performance of stabilized compressed earth blocks: Kaolinite vs. quartz-rich earthen material." MRS Adv. 5 (25): 1277-1283. https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.155.
Nshimiyimana, P., A. Messan, and, L. Courard. 2020 a. " Physico-mechanical and hygrothermal properties of compressed earth blocks stabilized with industrial and agro by-products: Calcium carbide residue and rice husk ash." Materials 13 (17): 3769. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13173769.
Nshimiyimana, P., A. Messan, Z. Zhao, and, L. Courard. 2019. " Chemico-microstructural changes in earthen building materials containing calcium carbide residue and rice husk ash." Constr. Build. Mater. 216 (Aug): 622-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.037.
Nshimiyimana, P., D. Miraucourt, A. Messan, and, L. Courard. 2018. " Calcium carbide residue and rice husk ash for improving the compressive strength of compressed earth blocks." MRS Adv. 3 (34-35): 2009-2014. https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.147.
NZS (New Zealand Standard). 1998. Materials and workmanship for earth buildings. Wellington, New Zealand: NZS.
Obonyo, E., J. Exelbirt, and, M. Baskaran. 2010. " Durability of compressed earth bricks: Assessing erosion resistance using the modified spray testing." Sustainable 2 (12): 3639-3649. https://doi.org/10.3390/su2123639.
Seco, A., P. Urmeneta, E. Prieto, S. Marcelino, B. García, and, L. Miqueleiz. 2017. " Estimated and real durability of unfired clay bricks: Determining factors and representativeness of the laboratory tests." Constr. Build. Mater. 131 (Jan): 600-605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.107.
Sore, S. O. 2017. " Synthesis and characterization of geopolymer binders based on local materials in Burkina Faso for the stabilization of compressed earth blocks (CEBs)." Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering.
Sore, S. O., A. Messan, E. Prud'homme, G. Escadeillas, and, F. Tsobnang. 2018. " Stabilization of compressed earth blocks (CEBs) by geopolymer binder based on local materials from Burkina Faso." Constr. Build. Mater. 165 (Mar): 333-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.01.051.
Yogananth, Y., K. Thanushan, P. Sangeeth, J. G. Coonghe, and, N. Sathiparan. 2019. " Comparison of strength and durability properties between earth-cement blocks and cement-sand blocks." Innov. Infrastruct. Solution 4 (1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-019-0238-8.
Similar publications
Sorry the service is unavailable at the moment. Please try again later.
This website uses cookies to improve user experience. Read more
Save & Close
Accept all
Decline all
Show detailsHide details
Cookie declaration
About cookies
Strictly necessary
Performance
Strictly necessary cookies allow core website functionality such as user login and account management. The website cannot be used properly without strictly necessary cookies.
This cookie is used by Cookie-Script.com service to remember visitor cookie consent preferences. It is necessary for Cookie-Script.com cookie banner to work properly.
Performance cookies are used to see how visitors use the website, eg. analytics cookies. Those cookies cannot be used to directly identify a certain visitor.
Used to store the attribution information, the referrer initially used to visit the website
Cookies are small text files that are placed on your computer by websites that you visit. Websites use cookies to help users navigate efficiently and perform certain functions. Cookies that are required for the website to operate properly are allowed to be set without your permission. All other cookies need to be approved before they can be set in the browser.
You can change your consent to cookie usage at any time on our Privacy Policy page.