Development and validation of a method for determining estrogenic compounds in surface water at the ultra-trace level required by the EU Water Framework Directive Watch List
Estrogenic compounds; EU surface water Watch List; LC-ESI-MS/MS; SPE disk; surface water; method validation
Abstract :
[en] Natural estrogens (estrone: E1, 17 β-estradiol: E2, estriol: E3) and the synthetic estrogen (17 α- ethinylestradiol: EE2) are endocrine disruptors harmful to aquatic wildlife. The European Commission included these molecules in the surface water Watch Lists issued in 2015 and 2018 under the Water Framework Directive regarding emerging aquatic pollutants, proposing maximum detection limits (LOD) of 0.035 ng/L for EE2 and 0.4 ng/L for E1 and E2. Attaining these limits represents a challenge even with the most up-to-date analytical tools, in particular in surface water. A two-step sample preparation, involving a preliminary extraction of a whole water sample on a solid-phase extraction (SPE) disk and further purification on a Florisil SPE cartridge, was optimized. The purified extract was derivatized subsequently and quantified by LC-MS/MS. The main goal was to maximize the recoveries to achieve the very low LODs required by the European Watch Lists. The method was fully validated in seven surface water. The LODs calculated were below the maximum acceptable limits required by the European Commission.
Disciplines :
Chemistry Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Glineur, Alex ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Chimie des agro-biosystèmes
Nott, Katherine; La Société Wallonne des Eaux, > Rue de la Concorde 41, 4800 Verviers, Belgium
Carbonelle, Philippe; La Société Wallonie des Eaux
Ronkart, Sebastien; La Société Wallonie des Eaux
Purcaro, Giorgia ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département GxABT > Chimie des agro-biosystèmes
Language :
English
Title :
Development and validation of a method for determining estrogenic compounds in surface water at the ultra-trace level required by the EU Water Framework Directive Watch List
Publication date :
2020
Journal title :
Journal of Chromatography. A
ISSN :
0021-9673
eISSN :
1873-3778
Publisher :
Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Volume :
1624
Pages :
461242
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Name of the research project :
DIADEM - Développement d’une Approche Intégrée pour le Diagnostic de la qualité des Eaux de la Meuse
Funders :
FEDER - Fonds Européen de Développement Régional [BE]
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