Wang, F.; Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
Kovler, K.; Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
Provis, J. L.; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin St, Sheffield, United Kingdom
(2012) Use of Raw Or Processed Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, , ACI 232. 1R-12. Farmington Hills, MI
Al-Akhras, N.M., Durability of metakaolin concrete to sulfate attack (2006) Cem Concr Res, 36, pp. 1727-1734
Ambroise, J., Maximilien, S., Pera, J., Properties of metakaolin blended cements (1994) Adv Cem Based Mater, 1, pp. 161-168
Andriolo, F.R., Sgaraboza, B.C., The use of pozzolan from calcined clays in preventing excessive expansion due to the alkali-aggregate reaction in some Brazilian dams (1986) Grattan-Bellew PE (Ed) 7Th International Conference on Concrete Alkali-Aggregate Reactions, pp. 66-70. , Ottawa. Noyes
Antoni, M., Rossen, J., Martirena, F., Scrivener, K., Cement substitution by a combination of metakaolin and limestone (2012) Cem Concr Res, 42, pp. 1579-1589
Asbridge, A., Chadbourn, G., Page, C., Effects of metakaolin and the interfacial transition zone on the diffusion of chloride ions through cement mortars (2001) Cem Concr Res, 31, pp. 1567-1572
(1999) Cimento Portland Pozolânico (NBR 5736: 1991 Versão Corrigida: 1999), , Rio de Janeiro
(2012) Addition for concrete—Metakaolin— Specifications and Conformity criteria—Métakaolin, Addition Pouzzolanique Pour bétons, , NF P18–513
Béton: Spécification, performance (2014) Production Et conformité–Complément National à La Norme (NF EN 206/CN)
(2012) Standard Test Method for Scaling Resistance of Concrete Surfaces Exposed to Deicing Chemicals (ASTM C672/C672 M-12), , West Conshohocken, PA
(2015) Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements (ASTM C595/ C595 M—15e1), , West Conshohocken, PA
(2015) Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw Or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete (ASTM C618–15), , West Conshohocken, PA
(2015) Standard Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing (ASTM C666/C666 M-15), , West Conshohocken, PA
Badogiannis, E., Kakali, G., Dimopoulou, G., Chaniotakis, E., Tsivilis, S., Metakaolin as a main cement constituent. Exploitation of poor Greek kaolins (2005) Cem Concr Compos, 27, pp. 197-203
Badogiannis, E., Kakali, G., Tsivilis, S., Metakaolin as supplementary cementitious material. Optimization of kaolin to metakaolin conversion (2005) J Therm Anal Calorim, 81, pp. 457-462
Badogiannis, E., Tsivilis, S., Exploitation of poor Greek kaolins: Durability of metakaolin concrete (2009) Cem Concr Compos, 31, pp. 128-133
Bai, J., Wild, S., Investigation of the temperature change and heat evolution of mortar incorporating PFA and metakaolin (2002) Cem Concr Compos, 24, pp. 201-209
Banfill, P., Frias, M., Rheology and conduction calorimetry of cement modified with calcined paper sludge (2007) Cem Concr Res, 37, pp. 184-190
Batis, G., Pantazopoulou, P., Tsivilis, S., Badogiannis, E., The effect of metakaolin on the corrosion behavior of cement mortars (2005) Cem Concr Compos, 27, pp. 125-130
Bellotto, M., Gualtieri, A., Artioli, G., Clark, S.M., Kinetic study of the kaolinite-mullite reaction sequence. 1. Kaolinite dehydroxylation (1995) Phys Chem Miner, 22, pp. 207-214
Bernal, S.A., Skibsted, J., Herfort, D., Hybrid binders based on alkali sulfate-activated Portland clinker and metakaolin (2011) XIII International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, 2011 Madrid, , Palomo A, CD-ROM proceedings
Brooks, J., Johari, M.M., Effect of metakaolin on creep and shrinkage of concrete (2001) Cem Concr Compos, 23, pp. 495-502
Brooks, J., Johari, M.M., Mazloom, M., Effect of admixtures on the setting times of high-strength concrete (2000) Cem Concr Compos, 22, pp. 293-301
Brown, I.W.M., Mackenzie, K.J.D., Meinhold, R.H., Bowden, M.E., Outstanding problems in the kaolinite-mullite reaction sequence investigated by29Si and27Al solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance: II. High-temperature transformations of metakaolinite (1985) J am Ceram Soc, 68, pp. 298-301
Bucher, R., Cyr, M., Escadeillas, G., Carbonation of blended binders containing metakaolin (2015) Calcined Clays for Sustainable Concrete: Proceedings of the 1St International Conference on Calcined Clays for Sustainable Concrete, , Scrivener K, Favier A, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht
Bucher, R., Diederich, P., Mouret, M., Escadeillas, G., Cyr, M., Self-compacting concrete using flash-metakaolin: Design method (2015) Mater Struct, 48, pp. 1717-1737
(2015) Metakaolin for Use in Cement, Cement Mortar and concrete— Specification (IS 16354), , New Delhi
(2008) Cementitious Materials for Use in Concrete (A3001-08), , Mississauga, ON
(2008) Standard Practice for the Evaluation of Alternative Supplementary Cementing Materials (Ascms) for Use in Concrete (A3004-E1), , Mississauga, ON
Castillo, R., Fernández, R., Antoni, M., Scrivener, K., Alujas, A., Activation of low grade clays at high temperatures (2010) Revista Ingeniería De Construcción, 25, pp. 329-352
Christodoulou, G., (2000) A Comparative Study of the Effects of Silica Fume, Metakaolin and PFA on the Air Content of Fresh Concrete, , SCI Lecture Papers Series. Society of Chemical Industry, London, UK
Claverie, M., Martin, F., Tardy, J., Cyr, M., de Parseval, P., Grauby, O., Le Roux, C., Structural and chemical changes in kaolinite caused by flash calcination: Formation of spherical particles (2015) Appl Clay Sci, 114, pp. 247-255
Courard, L., Darimont, A., Schouterden, M., Ferauche, F., Willem, X., Degeimbre, R., Durability of mortars modified with metakaolin (2003) Cem Concr Res, 33, pp. 1473-1479
Cyr, M., Idir, R., Escadeillas, G., Use of metakaolin to stabilize sewage sludge ash and municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in cement-based materials (2012) J Hazard Mater, 243, pp. 193-203
Cyr, M., Trinh, M., Husson, B., Casaux-Ginestet, G., Effect of cement type on metakaolin efficiency (2014) Cem Concr Res, 64, pp. 63-72
Damidot, D., Stronach, S., Kindness, A., Atkins, M., Glasser, F., Thermodynamic investigation of the CaO-Al2O3-CaCO3-H2O closed system at 25 °C and the influence of Na2O (1994) Cem Concr Res, 24, pp. 563-572
Duan, P., Shui, Z., Chen, W., Shen, C., Effects of metakaolin, silica fume and slag on pore structure, interfacial transition zone and compressive strength of concrete (2013) Constr Build Mater, 44, pp. 1-6
Dubey, A., Banthia, N., Influence of high-reactivity metakaolin and silica fume on the flexural toughness of high-performance steel fiber reinforced concrete (1998) ACI Mater J, 95
(2006) No 1907/2006—REACH of 18 December 2006 concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) and Establishing a European Chemicals Agency
(2011) Cement—Part 1: Composition, Specifications and Conformity Criteria for Common Cements (EN 197-1: 2011), , Belgium, Brussels
(2013) Concrete: Specification, Performance, Production and Conformity (EN 206: 2013), , Belgium, Brussels
Friás, M., Cabrera, J., Pore size distribution and degree of hydration of metakaolin–cement pastes (2000) Cem Concr Res, 30, pp. 561-569
Friás, M., Sánchez De Rojas, M.I., Cabrera, J., The effect that the pozzolanic reaction of metakaolin has on the heat evolution in metakaolin-cement mortars (2000) Cem Concr Res, 30, pp. 209-216
Gleize, P.J.P., Cyr, M., Escadeillas, G., Effects of metakaolin on autogenous shrinkage of cement pastes (2007) Cem Concr Compos, 29, pp. 80-87
Güneyisi, E., Gesoğlu, M., Karaoğlu, S., Mermerdaş, K., Strength, permeability and shrinkage cracking of silica fume and metakaolin concretes (2012) Constr Build Mater, 34, pp. 120-130
Güneyisi, E., Gesoğlu, M., Mermerdaş, K., Improving strength, drying shrinkage, and pore structure of concrete using metakaolin (2008) Mater Struct, 41, pp. 937-949
Habert, G., Choupay, N., Escadeillas, G., Guillaume, D., Montel, J.M., Clay content of argillites: Influence on cement based mortars (2009) Appl Clay Sci, 43, pp. 322-330
Habert, G., D’Espinose De Lacaillerie, J.B., Roussel, N., An environmental evaluation of geopolymer based concrete production: Reviewing current research trends (2011) J Clean Prod, 19, pp. 1229-1238
Hassan, A.A.A., Lachemi, M., Hossain, K.M.A., (2010) Effect of metakaolin on the rheology of self-consolidating concrete. In: Khayat KH, Feys D (eds) Design, Production and Placement of Self-Consolidating Concrete. RILEM, Bookseries 1, Paris, France
He, C., Osbaeck, B., Makovicky, E., Pozzolanic reactions of six principal clay minerals: Activation, reactivity assessments and technological effects (1995) Cem Concr Res, 25, pp. 1691-1702
Justice, J., Kurtis, K., Influence of metakaolin surface area on properties of cement-based materials (2007) J Mater Civ Eng, 19, pp. 762-771
Justice, J.M., Kennison, L.H., Mohr, B.J., Beckwith, S.L., McCormick, L.E., Wiggins, B., Zhang, Z.Z., Kurtis, K.E., Comparison of two metakaolins and a silica fume used as supplementary cementitious materials (2005) Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Utilization of High-Strength/High Performance Concrete, ACI SP-228, pp. 213-226. , American Concrete Institute, Washington DC
Kakali, G., Perraki, T., Tsivilis, S., Badogiannis, E., Thermal treatment of kaolin: The effect of mineralogy on the pozzolanic activity (2001) Appl Clay Sci, 20, pp. 73-80
Kaur, G., Singh, S.P., Kaushik, S.K., Fatigue analysis of fibrous concrete with cement additions (2014) Proc Inst Civil Eng Const Mater, 167, pp. 79-90
Khatib, J., Hibbert, J., Selected engineering properties of concrete incorporating slag and metakaolin (2005) Constr Build Mater, 19, pp. 460-472
Khatib, J., Wild, S., Sulphate resistance of metakaolin mortar (1998) Cem Concr Res, 28, pp. 83-92
Khatib, J.M., Clay, R.M., Absorption characteristics of metakaolin concrete (2004) Cem Concr Res, 34, pp. 19-29
Kostuch, J., Walters, V., Jones, T., High performance concretes incorporating metakaolin: A review (2000) Concrete, 2, pp. 1799-1811
Lawler, J.S., Connolly, J.D., Krauss, P.D., Tracy, S.L., Ankenmann, B.E., (2007) NCHRP Report 566, Guidelines for Concrete Mixtures Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials to Enhance Durability of Bridge Decks, , Washington DC
Lee, S., Kim, Y.J., Lee, H.J., Moon, H.-S., Electron-beam-induced phase transformations from metakaolinite to mullite investigated by EF-TEM and HRTEM (2001) J am Ceram Soc, 84, pp. 2096-2098
Lee, S., Kim, Y.J., Moon, H.-S., Phase transformation sequence from kaolinite to mullite investigated by an energy-filtering transmission electron microscope (1999) J am Ceram Soc, 82, pp. 2841-2848
Lee, S., Moon, H., Hooton, R., Kim, J., Effect of solution concentrations and replacement levels of metakaolin on the resistance of mortars exposed to magnesium sulfate solutions (2005) Cem Concr Res, 35, pp. 1314-1323
Li, Z., Ding, Z., Property improvement of Portland cement by incorporating with metakaolin and slag (2003) Cem Concr Res, 33, pp. 579-584
Mackenzie, K.J.D., Utilisation of non-thermally activated clays in the production of geopolymers (2009) Geopolymers: Structure, Processing, Properties and Industrial Applications, , Provis JL, Van Deventer JSJ, Woodhead, Cambridge, UK
Mackenzie, K.J.D., Brown, I.W.M., Meinhold, R.H., Bowden, M.E., Outstanding problems in the kaolinite-mullite reaction sequence investigated by29Si and27Al solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance: I. Metakaolinite (1985) J am Ceram Soc, 68, pp. 293-297
Marikunte, S.S., Hiranya, A.S., Darling, N., Plastic shrinkage cracking of concrete modified with silica fume and metakaolin (2004) International RILEM Symposium on Concrete Science and Engineering: A Tribute to Arnon Bentur, , Weiss WJ, Kovler K, Marchand J, Mindess S (eds), RILEM, Evanston, IL
Moulin, E., Blanc, P., Sorrentino, D., Influence of key cement chemical parameters on the properties of metakaolin blended cements (2001) Cem Concr Compos, 23, pp. 463-469
Murray, H.H., Traditional and new applications for kaolin, smectite, and palygorskite: A general overview (2000) Appl Clay Sci, 17, pp. 207-221
Oriol, M., Pera, J., Pozzolanic activity of metakaolin under microwave treatment (1995) Cem Concr Res, 25, pp. 265-270
Pera, J., Bonnin, E., Inertization of toxic metals in metakaolin-blended cements (1996) Am Ceram Soc, , Westerville, OH (United States)
Poon, C.S., Kou, S.C., Lam, L., Compressive strength, chloride diffusivity and pore structure of high performance metakaolin and silica fume concrete (2006) Constr Build Mater, 20, pp. 858-865
Qian, X., Li, Z., The relationships between stress and strain for high-performance concrete with metakaolin (2001) Cem Concr Res, 31, pp. 1607-1611
Quanji, Z., (2010) Thixotropic Behavior of Cement-Based Materials: Effect of Clay and Cement Types, , MSc MSc, Iowa State University, Ames IA
Ramezanianpour, A.A., Bahrami Jovein, H., Influence of metakaolin as supplementary cementing material on strength and durability of concretes (2012) Constr Build Mater, 30, pp. 470-479
Ramlochan, T., Thomas, M., Gruber, K.A., The effect of metakaolin on alkali–silica reaction in concrete (2000) Cem Concr Res, 30, pp. 339-344
Rashad, A.M., Metakaolin as cementitious material: History, scours, production and composition–a comprehensive overview (2013) Constr Build Mater, 41, pp. 303-318
Sabir, B., Wild, S., Bai, J., Metakaolin and calcined clays as pozzolans for concrete: A review (2001) Cement Concr Compos, 23, pp. 441-454
Saidat, F., Mouret, M., Cyr, M., (2012) Chemical activation of metakaolin in cement-based materials. In: 10th International Conference on Superplasticizers and Other Chemical Admixtures in Concrete. Prague (Czech Republic)
(2011) Performance-Based Approach for Concrete Containing Metakaolin Obtained by Flash Calcination, p. 340. , Université de Toulouse, Toulouse
San Nicolas, R., Cyr, M., Escadeillas, G., Characteristics and applications of flash metakaolins (2013) Appl Clay Sci, 83-84, pp. 253-262
San Nicolas, R., Cyr, M., Escadeillas, G., Performance-based approach to durability of concrete containing flash-calcined metakaolin as cement replacement (2014) Constr Build Mater, 55, pp. 313-322
Shvarzman, A., Kovler, K., Grader, G., Shter, G., The effect of dehydroxylation/amorphization degree on pozzolanic activity of kaolinite (2003) Cem Concr Res, 33, pp. 405-416
Siddique, R., Klaus, J., Influence of metakaolin on the properties of mortar and concrete: A review (2009) Appl Clay Sci, 43, pp. 392-400
Snellings, R., Mertens, G., Elsen, J., Supplementary cementitious materials (2012) Rev Mineral Geochem, 74, pp. 211-278
Australia, S., (2010) General Purpose and Blended Cements (AS 3972–2010), , Sydney
Thomas, M.D.A., Hooton, R.D., Scott, A., Zibara, H., The effect of supplementary cementitious materials on chloride binding in hardened cement paste (2012) Cem Concr Res, 42, pp. 1-7
Vu, D., Stroeven, P., Bui, V., Strength and durability aspects of calcined kaolin-blended Portland cement mortar and concrete (2001) Cem Concr Compos, 23, pp. 471-478
Weil, M., Dombrowski-Daube, K., Buchwald, A., How to assess the environmental sustainability of geopolymers? A life cycle perspective (2010) Adv Sci Technol, 69, pp. 186-191
White, C.E., Provis, J.L., Proffen, T., Riley, D.P., van Deventer, J.S.J., Combining density functional theory (DFT) and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis to solve the structure of metastable materials: The case of metakaolin (2010) Phys Chem Chem Phys, 12, pp. 3239-3245
White, C.E., Provis, J.L., Proffen, T., Riley, D.P., van Deventer, J.S.J., Density functional modeling of the local structure of kaolinite subjected to thermal dehydroxylation (2010) J Phys Chem A, 114, pp. 4988-4996
White, C.E., Provis, J.L., Gordon, L.E., Riley, D.P., Proffen, T., van Deventer, J.S.J., The effect of temperature on the local structure of kaolinite intercalated with potassium acetate (2011) Chem Mater, 23, pp. 188-199
Wild, S., Khatib, J., Jones, A., Relative strength, pozzolanic activity and cement hydration in superplasticised metakaolin concrete (1996) Cem Concr Res, 26, pp. 1537-1544
Wild, S., Khatib, J., Roose, L., Chemical shrinkage and autogenous shrinkage of Portland cement—metakaolin pastes (1998) Adv Cem Res, 10, pp. 109-119
Wild, S., Khatib, J.M., Portlandite consumption in metakaolin cement pastes and mortars (1997) Cem Concr Res, 27, pp. 137-146
Zhang, M., Malhotra, V., Characteristics of a thermally activated alumino-silicate pozzolanic material and its use in concrete (1995) Cem Concr Res, 25, pp. 1713-1725
