Oum Er-Rabia Basin; physicochemical; Safi region; water quality; waterway
Abstract :
[en] The purpose of the study was to assess the water quality in the Sidi Abderrahmane freshwater reservoir (Safi, Morocco). The monitoring data used in the study included physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. The spatial and temporal characteristics of these parameters was evaluated by collecting water samples fortnightly from May 2011 to December 2012 in three stations chosen to represent different parts of the reservoir. Ten parameters considered as indicators of water properties were analysed: temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, electric conductivity, transparency, orthophosphorus, ammonium, nitrites, nitrates, and chlorophyll a. The results show that nutrient concentrations were among the highest (mean concentrations: PO43− = 0.64 mg l−1, NH4+ = 1.08 mg l−1) recorded for Moroccan freshwater reservoirs. Our data indicated that the Sidi Abderrahmane is a destratified reservoir that it is relatively warm (mean temperature: 22.42 ± 4.88 °C); a polymictic reservoir in a semi-arid climate. Fertilisers applied in the surrounding orchards affect significantly affect nutrient levels in the waterbody, particularly PO43− and NH4+ in autumn. The water column is seasonally homogeneous, as a result of wind-induced mixing, and our tests showed no anoxia throughout the study period. With suitable hydraulic conditions (short residence time, short outflow/inflow ratio, good oxygenation, and homogeneity), the Sidi Abderrahmane water body could reduce the stratification time and improve water quality.
Research Center/Unit :
School of Technology, Cadi Ayyad University
Disciplines :
Environmental sciences & ecology
Author, co-author :
Belokda, Wafae
Damsiri, Zainab
Natij, L
Khalil, Karima
Loudiki, M
Dahbi, A
Achtak, H
Richir, Jonathan ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'astrophys., géophysique et océanographie (AGO) > Chemical Oceanography Unit (COU)
Sabour, B
Elkalay, Khalid
Language :
English
Title :
Assessment of physico-chemical parameters of freshwater in the Sidi Abderrahmane reservoir, Safi, Morocco
Agence du bassin hydraulique d’Oum Rbia. 2009. L’état de la qualité de l’eau dans la zone d’action de l’agence du bassin hydraulique d’Oum Rbia. 2006/2007 Technical Report. Beni Mellal, Morocco: Agence du bassin hydraulique d’Oum Rbia.
Ait hammou H, Latour D, Sabart M, Samoudi S, Mouhri K, Robin J, Loudiki M., 2014. Temporal evolution and vertical stratification of Microcystis toxic potential during a first bloom event. Aquatic Ecology 48 (2): 219–228. doi: 10.1007/s10452-014-9477-0
Aouabed A, Hadj Boussaad DE, Ben Aim R., 2008. Morphological characteristics and fractal approach of the flocs obtained from the natural organic matter extracts of water of the Keddara dam (Algeria). Desalination 231: 314–322. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2007.11.050
Azzouz S, Boukhalfa C., 2012. Fractionation of Phosphorus in Surface Sediments Downstream of a Water Dam in Eastern Algeria. Procedia Engineering 33: 121–125. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.1184
Bartram J, Balance R., 1996. A Practical Guide to the Design and Implementation of Freshwater Quality Studies and Monitoring Programmes. London, UK: Chapman Hall.
Belokda W, Khalil K, Loudiki M, Aziz F, Elkalay K., 2019. First assessment of Phytoplankton diversity in a Marrocan shallow reservoir (Sidi Abderrahmane). Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 26 (3): 431–438. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.11.047
Benzha F, Taoufik M, Dafir JE, Kemmou S, Loukili L., 2005. Impact of drainage operation on water quality of Daourat Reservoir. Revue des Sciences de l’Eau 18: 57–74. doi: 10.7202/705576ar
Benzha F, Hilali A, Zidane F., 2009. Hydrogeochemistry of reservoirs of Imfout, Daourat and Sidi Maâchou dams (Morocco). Environmental Technology 30 (9): 969–983. doi: 10.1080/09593330903002314
Berrada FD., 2001. Etude comparée de la qualité des eaux de deux retenues de réservoirs marocains: El Kanesra et Smir. Physico- chimie, analyse planctonique et bactériologique. These de doctorat National, Fac. Aïn Chock, Casablanca, 215.
Blenckner T., 2005. A conceptual model of climate-related effects on lake ecosystems. Hydrobiologia 533: 1–14. doi: 10.1007/s10750-004-1463-4
Bitar K, Jouilil I, Delhi R, Hilali A, Benzha F, Kaoukaya A, et al. 2013. Evaluation qualitative et identification des sources de pollution du bassin versant de l’Oum Rbia, Maroc. Larhyss Journal 14: 161–177.
Carlson RE., 1977. A trophic state index for lakes. Limnology and Oceanography 22: 361–369. doi: 10.4319/lo.1977.22.2.0361
Cherbi M, Lek-Ang S, Lek S, Arab A., 2008. Distribution du zooplancton dans les lacs à climat méditerranéen. Comptes Rendus Biologies 331: 692–702. doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2008.06.003
Cherifi O., 1992. Evolution et dynamique du phytoplancton en relation avec certains paramètres biotiques et abiotiques au niveau de la retenue Lalla Takerkoust (Maroc). PhD thesis. Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco.
Cherifi O, Loudiki M., 2002. Variations de la structure trophique du lac-réservoir oligotrophe Bin El Ouidane (Maroc). Revue des Sciences de l’Eau 15: 193–208. doi: 10.7202/705446ar
Dai A., 2013. Increased drought under global warming in observations and models. Nature Climate Change 3: 52–58. doi: 10.1038/nclimate1633
Dörnhöfer K, Oppelt N., 2016. Remote sensing for lake research and monitoring - Recent advances. Ecological Indicators 64: 105–122. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.12.009
Douma M, Loudiki M, Oudra B, Mouhri K, Ouahid Y, Francisca FD., 2009. Taxonomic diversity and toxicological assessment of Cyanobacteria in Moroccan inland waters. Revue des Sciences de l’Eau 22: 435–449. doi: 10.7202/037781ar
Fadel A, Atoui A, Lemaire BJ, Vinçon-Leite B, Slim K., 2015. Environmental factors associated with phytoplankton succession in a Mediterranean reservoir with a highly fluctuating water level. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 187: 633. doi: 10.1007/s10661-015-4852-4
Fathalli A, Romdhane MS, Vasconcelos V, Ben Rejeb Jenhani A. 2015. Biodiversity of cyanobacteria in Tunisian freshwater reservoirs: occurrence and potent toxicity - a review. Journal of Water Supply: Research & Technology - Aqua 64 (6), 64–66.
Friberg N, Bonada N, Bradley DC, Dunbar MJ, Edwards FK, Grey J, et al. 2011. Biomonitoring of human impacts in freshwater ecosystems: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Advances in Ecological Research 44: 2–68.
Gagné F, Douville M, Fortier M, Fournier M., 2015. Effects of a municipal effluent on the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata following challenge with Vibrio anguillarum. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China) 37: 91–99. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.03.029
García-Jurado F, de Vicente I, Galotti A, Reul A, Jiménez-Gómez F, Guerrero F., 2012. Effect of drought conditions on plankton community and on nutrient availability in an oligotrophic high mountain lake: Arctic, Antarctic, Alpine Res 44–1: 50–61. doi: 10.1657/1938-4246-44.1.50
Global Drinking Water Quality Index Development and Sensitivity Analysis Report. United Nations Environment Programme Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS)/Water Programme. 2007.
Harvey H, Orvis R, Rissman J., 2018. Designing Climate Solutions: A Policy Guide for Low-Carbon Energy.
Huang J, Lou I, Li Y., 2016. Integrated water resources management for emergency situations: a case study of Macau. Journal of Environmental Sciences 50: 72–78. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.04.023
ISO (International Organization for Standardization). 1992. Water quality — measurement of biochemical parameters, spectrophotometric determination of the chlorophyll-a concentration. (pp 1–308). In: ISO Standards Compendium, Environment-Water Quality, Volume 2 — Chemical Methods. France: International Organization for Standardization.
Isenstein EM, Park MH., 2014. Assessment of nutrient distributions in Lake Champlain using satellite remote sensing. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China) 26: 1831–1836. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.06.019
Jian Z, Guo F, Kun L, Yanwu L., 2011. Multivariate analysis of surface water quality in the Three Gorges area of China and implications for water management. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China) 23: 1460–1471. doi: 10.1016/S1001-0742(10)60599-2
Karaoui I, Boudhar A, Arioua A, Hssaisoune M, Sabri E, Ait Ouhamchich K, Elhamdouni D., 2018. Evaluating the potential of Sentinel-2 satellite images for water quality characterization of artificial reservoirs: The Bin El Ouidane Reservoir case study (Morocco). Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management 7: 31–39.
Louati M, Bahri-Sfar L, Kohlmann K, Ben-Hassine O., 2011. Current genetic status of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) introduced into Tunisian reservoirs. Cybium 35 (3): 189–199.
Ludovisi A, Gaino E., 2010. Meteorological and water quality changes in Lake Trasimeno (Umbria, Italy) during the last fifty years. Journal of Limnology 69: 174–188.
Mariana M, Franco TM, Carla K, Cecilia A, Iván GB, Juan PP, et al. 2012. Environmental Warming in Shallow Lakes: A Review of Potential Changes in Community Structure as Evidenced from Space-for-Time Substitution Approaches. Advances in Ecological Research 46: 261–330.
Moss B, Hering D, Green AJ, Adoud A, Becares E, Beklioglu M, et al. 2009. Climate change and the future of freshwater biodiversity in Europe: a primer for policy-makers. Freshwater Reviews 2: 103–130. doi: 10.1608/FRJ-2.2.1
Mosley LM., 2015. Drought impacts on the water quality of freshwater systems; review and integration. Earth-Science Reviews 140: 203–214. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.11.010
Padedda BM, Sechi N, Lai GG, Mariani MA, Pulina S, Sarria M, et al. 2017. Consequences of eutrophication in the management of water resources in Mediterranean reservoirs: A case study of Lake Cedrino (Sardinia, Italy). Global Ecology and Conservation 12–21e35.
Peeters F, Straile D, Lorke A, Ollinger D., 2007. Turbulent mixing and phytoplankton spring bloom development in a deep lake. Limnology and Oceanography 52: 286–298. doi: 10.4319/lo.2007.52.1.0286
Sabour B., 2002. Etude des blooms d’algues toxiques à cyanobacteries et haptophycees dans le lac de barrage oued mellah (Maroc): écologie, écophysiologie et toxicologie. Thèse Doctorat en algologie-toxicologie. Faculté des sciences et techniques Mohammadia, Maroc. 18–42.
Sellami I, Guermazi W, Hamza A, Aleya L, Ayadi H., 2010. Seasonal dynamics of zooplankton community in four Mediterranean reservoirs in humid area (Beni Mtir: north of Tunisia) and semi-arid area (Lakhmes, Nabhana and Sidi Sâad: center of Tunisia). Journal of Thermal Biology 35: 392–400. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2010.08.004
Sharpley AN, Rekolainen S., 1996. Phosphorus in agriculture and its environmental implications. (p 1–54). In: Phosphorus loss from soil to water (Tunney H, Carton OT, Brookes PC, et al. Eds). Cambridge, UK: CAB International Press.
Snoussi M., 1986. Nature estimation et comparaison des matières à écoulement du bassin versant de l’Adour (France) Sebou. Oum Rabii et Souss (Maroc). Climat d’Impact sur les apports fluviaux à l’océan. Thèse Doctorat d’Etat en Sciences. Université Bordeaux 1, France.
Taoufik M, Dafir JE., 2002. Comportement du phosphore dans le sédiment des barragesde la partie aval du bassin versant d'Oum Rabiaa (Maroc). Revue des Sciences de l’Eau 15: 235–249. doi: 10.7202/705449ar
Taoufik M, Dafir JE, Kemmou S., 2005. Comportement hydrogéochimique du phosphore dans le réservoir Imfout (Oum Rabiaa, Maroc). Water Quality Research Journal 40: 202–210. doi: 10.2166/wqrj.2005.023
Thakur RK, Jindal R, Bhan U., 2013. Plankton diversity and water quality assessment of three freshwater lakes of Mandi (Himachal Pradesh, India) with special reference to planktonic indicators. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 185: 8355–8373. doi: 10.1007/s10661-013-3178-3