L'exploitation de la faune par les groupes humains du Pléniglaciaire supérieur à Eliseevichi 1 (Russie)

Carnivore; Eliseevichi; Epigravettian; Mammoth; Russian plain; Upper Pleniglacial; Zooarchaeology; Weichselian; Alopex lagopus; Animalia; Canidae; Canis familiaris; Canis lupus; Mammuthus primigenius; Rangifer tarandus; Ursus arctos

Abstract :

[en] The archaeological site of Eliseevichi 1, located in the Dnieper River Basin, was discovered in 1930 by K.M. Polikarpovich. It is contemporary of Epigravettian occupations of the end of the second half of the upper Pleniglacial (20,000–14,000 years BP). As for the sites of the culture of Mezine (Mezine, Mezhirich, Gontsy and Dobranitchevka), it was interpreted as a specialized camp of hunters, mainly for slaughtering woolly mammoths and fur exploitation. Moreover, mammoth bones have been used to build larger structures than in mezinian sites associated with storage pits, as in Timonovka I, Yudinovo, Yourevitchi, Suponevo and Chulatovo. However, Eliseevichi 1 differs from all other sites by the presence of ivory engraved pieces with zigzag patterns and multiple linear features and the presence of platelets with decorations in the form of fish scales (“churingas”) and the high number of chisels. These features make it a unique case in the Desna Valley. To better understand the activities that have been implemented within the site by human groups, particularly the role of different species, we processed to the zooarchaeological study of the faunal remains from the 1935–1936 excavations. The faunal spectrum is restricted, typical of a cold and dry environment, with Mammuthus primigenius, Rangifer tarandus, Canis lupus, Alopex lagopus rossicus and Ursus arctos. Two skulls were previously identified as being those of dogs. According to the taphonomical study we highlighted a quick and deep burying of bones, which were affected by freeze-thaw alternating, without being highly altered and moved by phenomena of cryoturbation. The woolly mammoth was used for its meat and for its ivory. The many remains of canids are characterized by skinning marks and long bones were sawed. The presence of ocher, ashy areas, crude lithic fragments, could be linked to the treatment of skins. The site of Eliseevichi 1 was probably occupied during winter and summer seasons, several times during a long period. It could have two main functions, not as a habitat but as a specialized site of furskin and bone production. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS

Disciplines :

Archaeology

Author, co-author :

Demay, Laëtitia ; Université de Liège - ULiège

Patou-Mathis, M.; Département de préhistoire du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris, CNRS UMR 7194 HNHP, IPH, 1, rue René-Panhard, Paris, 75013, France, Département de préhistoire du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris, CNRS UMR 7194 HNHP, Musée de l'Homme, 17, place du Trocadéro, Paris, 75016, France

Khlopachev, G. A.; Département d'Archéologie, Musée d'Anthropologie et d'Ethnographie Pierre-le-Grand (Kunstkamera) de l'Académie des Sciences de Russie, Universitetskaya Embankment 3, Saint-Pétersbourg, 199034, Russian Federation

Sablin, M. V.; Institut zoologique de l'Académie des Sciences de Russie (RAS), Universitetskaya Embankment 1, Saint-Pétersbourg, 199034, Russian Federation

Vercoutère, C.; Département de préhistoire du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris, CNRS UMR 7194 HNHP, Musée de l'Homme, 17, place du Trocadéro, Paris, 75016, France

Language :

French

Title :

L'exploitation de la faune par les groupes humains du Pléniglaciaire supérieur à Eliseevichi 1 (Russie)

Alternative titles :

[en] Human exploitation of animals during the Upper Pleniglacial at Eliseevichi 1 (Russia)

Publication date :

2019

Journal title :

Anthropologie

ISSN :

0003-5521

eISSN :

1873-5827

Publisher :

Elsevier Masson, Paris, France

Volume :

123

Issue :

Pages :

345-402

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 29 November 2020

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