ESMO–ESGO consensus conference recommendations on ovarian cancer: pathology and molecular biology, early and advanced stages, borderline tumours and recurrent disease†
Colombo, N; Sessa, C; du Bois, Aet al.
2019 • In International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 29, p. 728-760
[en] The development of guidelines recommendations is one of the core activities of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and European Society of Gynaecologial Oncology (ESGO), as part of the mission of both societies to improve the quality of care for patients with cancer across Europe. ESMO and ESGO jointly developed clinically relevant and evidence-based recommendations in several selected areas in order to improve the quality of care for women with ovarian cancer. The ESMO–ESGO consensus conference on ovarian cancer was held on April 12–14, 2018 in Milan, Italy, and comprised a multidisciplinary panel of 40 leading experts in the management of ovarian
cancer. Before the conference, the expert panel worked on five clinically relevant questions regarding ovarian cancer relating to each of the following four areas: pathology and molecular biology, early-stage and borderline tumours, advanced stage disease and recurrent disease. Relevant scientific literature, as identified using a systematic search, was reviewed in advance. During the consensus
conference, the panel developed recommendations for each specific question and a consensus was reached. The recommendations presented here are thus based on the best available evidence and expert agreement. This article presents the recommendations of this ESMO–ESGO
consensus conference, together with a summary of evidence supporting each recommendation.
Disciplines :
Oncology
Author, co-author :
Colombo, N
Sessa, C
du Bois, A
Ledermann, J
McCluggage, WG
McNeish, I
Morice, P
Pignata, S
Ray-Coquard, I
Vergote, I
Baert, T
Belaroussi, I
Dashora, A
Olbrecht, S
Planchamp, F
Querleu, D
KRIDELKA, Frédéric ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Département de gynécologie-obstétrique > Service de gynécologie-obstétrique
ESMO–ESGO consensus conference recommendations on ovarian cancer: pathology and molecular biology, early and advanced stages, borderline tumours and recurrent disease†
Dykewicz CA. Summary of the guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:139-44.
Piek JM, van Diest PJ, Zweemer RP, et al. Dysplastic changes in prophylactically removed fallopian tubes of women predisposed to developing ovarian cancer. J Pathol 2001;195:451-6.
Singh N, Gilks CB, Wilkinson N, et al. The secondary Müllerian system, field effect, BRCA, and tubal fimbria: Our evolving understanding of the origin of tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma and why assignment of primary site matters. Pathology 2015;47:423-31.
Singh N, McCluggage WG, Gilks CB. High-grade serous carcinoma of tubo-ovarian origin: Recent developments. Histopathology 2017;71:339-56.
McCluggage WG, Hirschowitz L, Gilks CB, et al. The fallopian tube origin and primary site assignment in extrauterine highgrade serous carcinoma: Findings of a survey of pathologists and clinicians. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2017;36:230-9.
Kurman RJ, Carcangiu ML, Herrington CS, et al. WHO classification of tumours of female reproductive organs. 4th edn. Lyon: IARC, 2014.
Gilks CB, Irving J, Köbel M, et al. Incidental nonuterine high-grade serous carcinomas arise in the fallopian tube in most cases: Further evidence for the tubal origin of high-grade serous carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol 2015;39:357-64.
Morrison JC, Blanco LZ, Vang R, et al. Incidental serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma and early invasive serous carcinoma in the nonprophylactic setting: Analysis of a case series. Am J Surg Pathol 2015;39:442-53.
Rabban JT, Garg K, Crawford B, et al. Early detection of highgrade tubal serous carcinoma in women at low risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome by systematic examination of fallopian tubes incidentally removed during benign surgery. Am J Surg Pathol 2014;38:729-42.
Chen F, Gaitskell K, Garcia MJ, et al. Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas associated with high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas: A systematic review. BJOG 2017;124:872-8.
Singh N, Gilks CB, Wilkinson N, et al. Assessment of a new system for primary site assignment in high-grade serous carcinoma of the fallopian tube, ovary, and peritoneum. Histopathology 2015;67:331-7.
Labidi-Galy SI, Papp E, Hallberg D, et al. High grade serous ovarian carcinomas originate in the fallopian tube. Nat Commun 2017;8:1093.
Bashashati A, Ha G, Tone A, et al. Distinct evolutionary trajectories of primary high-grade serous ovarian cancers revealed through spatial mutational profiling. J Pathol 2013;231:21-34.
Eckert MA, Pan S, Hernandez KM, et al. Genomics of ovarian cancer progression reveals diverse metastatic trajectories including intraepithelial metastasis to the fallopian tube. Cancer Discov 2016;6:1342-51.
Kuhn E, Kurman RJ, Vang R, et al. TP53 mutations in serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma and concurrent pelvic high-grade serous carcinoma-evidence supporting the clonal relationship of the two lesions. J Pathol 2012;226:421-6.
Singh N, Faruqi A, Kommoss F, et al. Extrauterine high-grade serous carcinomas with bilateral adnexal involvement as the only two disease sites are clonal based on TP53 sequencing results: Implications for biology, classification, and staging. Mod Pathol 2018;31:652-9.
Singh N, Gilks CB, Hirschowitz L, et al. Primary site assignment in tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma: Consensus statement on unifying practice worldwide. Gynecol Oncol 2016;141:195-8.
McCluggage WG, Judge MJ, Clarke BA, et al. Data set for reporting of ovary, fallopian tube and primary peritoneal carcinoma: Recommendations from the International collaboration on cancer reporting (ICCR). Mod Pathol 2015;28:1101-22.
Prat J, FIGO Committee on Gynecologic Oncology. Staging classification for cancer of the ovary, fallopian tube, and peritoneum. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2014;124:1-5.
Prat J. Ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancer staging: Rationale and explanation of new FIGO staging 2013. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2015;29:858-69.
Oza AM, Cook AD, Pfisterer J, et al. Standard chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab for women with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer (ICON7): Overall survival results of a phase 3 randomised trial. Lancet Oncol 2015;16:928-36.
Pujade-Lauraine E, Hilpert F, Weber B, et al. Bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy for platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer: The AURELIA open-label randomized phase III trial. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:1302-8.
Poveda AM, Selle F, Hilpert F, et al. Bevacizumab combined with weekly paclitaxel, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, or topotecan in platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer: Analysis by chemotherapy cohort of the randomized phase III AURELIA trial. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:3836-8.
Aghajanian C, Blank SV, Goff BA, et al. OCEANS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:2039-45.
Maru D, Venook AP, Ellis LM. Predictive biomarkers for bevacizumab: Are we there yet? Clin Cancer Res 2013;19:2824-7.
Bais C, Mueller B, Brady MF, et al. Tumor microvessel density as a potential predictive marker for bevacizumab benefit: GOG-0218 biomarker analyses. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017;109.
Collinson F, Hutchinson M, Craven RA, et al. Predicting response to bevacizumab in ovarian cancer: A panel of potential biomarkers informing treatment selection. Clin Cancer Res 2013;19:5227-39.
Backen A, Renehan AG, Clamp AR, et al. The combination of circulating Ang1 and Tie2 levels predicts progression-free survival advantage in bevacizumab-treated patients with ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014;20:4549-58.
Bell D, Berchuck A, Chien J, et al. Integrated genomic analyses of ovarian carcinoma. Nature 2011;474:609-15.
Gelmon KA, Tischkowitz M, Mackay H, et al. Olaparib in patients with recurrent high-grade serous or poorly differentiated ovarian carcinoma or triple-negative breast cancer: A phase 2, multicentre, open-label, non-randomised study. Lancet Oncol 2011;12:852-61.
Swisher EM, Lin KK, Oza AM, et al. Rucaparib in relapsed, platinum-sensitive high-grade ovarian carcinoma (ARIEL2 Part 1): An international, multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2017;18:75-87.
Moore K, Colombo N, Scambia G, et al. Maintenance olaparib in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 2018;379:2495-505.
Ledermann J, Harter P, Gourley C, et al. Olaparib maintenance therapy in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1382-92.
Ledermann J, Harter P, Gourley C, et al. Olaparib maintenance therapy in patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed serous ovarian cancer: A preplanned retrospective analysis of outcomes by BRCA status in a randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2014;15:852-61.
Pujade-Lauraine E, Ledermann JA, Selle F, et al. Olaparib tablets as maintenance therapy in patients with platinum-sensitive, relapsed ovarian cancer and a BRCA1/2 mutation (SOLO2/ENGOT-Ov21): A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2017;18:1274-84.
Coleman RL, Oza AM, Lorusso D, et al. Rucaparib maintenance treatment for recurrent ovarian carcinoma after response to platinum therapy (ARIEL3): A randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2017;390:1949-61.
Mirza MR, Monk BJ, Herrstedt J, et al. Niraparib maintenance therapy in platinum-sensitive, recurrent ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 2016;375:2154-64.
Konstantinopoulos PA, Ceccaldi R, Shapiro GI, et al. Homologous recombination deficiency: Exploiting the fundamental vulnerability of ovarian cancer. Cancer Discov 2015;5:1137-54.
Bowman A, Gabra H, Langdon SP, et al. CA125 response is associated with estrogen receptor expression in a phase II trial of letrozole in ovarian cancer: Identification of an endocrine-sensitive subgroup. Clin Cancer Res 2002;8:2233-9.
Smyth JF, Gourley C, Walker G, et al. Antiestrogen therapy is active in selected ovarian cancer cases: The use of letrozole in estrogen receptor-positive patients. Clin Cancer Res 2007;13:3617-22.
Gershenson DM, Sun CC, Iyer RB, et al. Hormonal therapy for recurrent low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary or peritoneum. Gynecol Oncol 2012;125:661-6.
Friedlander M, Trimble E, Tinker A, et al. Clinical trials in recurrent ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2011;21:771-5.
Monk BJ, Herzog TJ, Tewari KS. Evolution of chemosensitivity and resistance assays as predictors of clinical outcomes in epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Curr Pharm Des 2016;22:4717-28.
Mackay HJ, Brady MF, Oza AM, et al. Prognostic relevance of uncommon ovarian histology in women with stage III/IV epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2010;20:945-52.
Dann RB, DeLoia JA, Timms KM, et al. BRCA1/2 mutations and expression: Response to platinum chemotherapy in patients with advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2012;125:677-82.
Alsop K, Fereday S, Meldrum C, et al. BRCA mutation frequency and patterns of treatment response in BRCA mutation-positive women with ovarian cancer: A report from the Australian ovarian cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:2654-63.
Safra T, Borgato L, Nicoletto MO, et al. BRCA mutation status and determinant of outcome in women with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer treated with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin. Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10:2000-7.
Pennington KP, Walsh T, Harrell MI, et al. Germline and somatic mutations in homologous recombination genes predict platinum response and survival in ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal carcinomas. Clin Cancer Res 2014;20:764-75.
Bajrami I, Frankum JR, Konde A, et al. Genome-wide profiling of genetic synthetic lethality identifies CDK12 as a novel determinant of PARP1/2 inhibitor sensitivity. Cancer Res 2014;74:287-97.
Patch A-M, Christie EL, Etemadmoghadam D, et al. Wholegenome characterization of chemoresistant ovarian cancer. Nature 2015;521:489-94.
Walton JB, Farquharson M, Mason S, et al. CRISPR/Cas9-derived models of ovarian high grade serous carcinoma targeting BRCA1, PTEN and NF1, and correlation with platinum sensitivity. Sci Rep 2017;7:16827.
Kang S, Ju W, Kim JW, et al. Association between excision repair cross-complementation group 1 polymorphism and clinical outcome of platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Exp Mol Med 2006;38:320-4.
Rubatt JM, Darcy KM, Tian C, et al. Pre-treatment tumor expression of ERCC1 in women with advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer is not predictive of clinical outcomes: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol 2012;125:421-6.
Muallem MZ, Braicu I, Nassir M, et al. ERCC1 expression as a predictor of resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy in primary ovarian cancer. Anticancer Res 2014;34:393-9.
Blackledge G, Lawton F, Redman C, et al. Response of patients in phase II studies of chemotherapy in ovarian cancer: Implications for patient treatment and the design of phase II trials. Br J Cancer 1989;59:650-3.
Rustin GJS, Vergote I, Eisenhauer E, et al. Definitions for response and progression in ovarian cancer clinical trials incorporating RECIST 1.1 and CA 125 agreed by the Gynecological Cancer Intergroup (GCIG). Int J Gynecol Cancer 2011;21:419-23.
Tian C, Markman M, Zaino R, et al. CA-125 change after chemotherapy in prediction of treatment outcome among advanced mucinous and clear cell epithelial ovarian cancers: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Cancer 2009;115:1395-403.
Chen X, Zhang J, Cheng W, et al. CA-125 level as a prognostic indicator in type I and type II epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2013;23:815-22.
Azad NS, Annunziata CM, Steinberg SM, et al. Lack of reliability of CA125 response criteria with anti-VEGF molecularly targeted therapy. Cancer 2008;112:1726-32.
Lindemann K, Kristensen G, Mirza MR, et al. Poor concordance between CA-125 and RECIST at the time of disease progression in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: Analysis of the AURELIA trial. Ann Oncol 2016;27:1505-10.
Scaletta G, Plotti F, Luvero D, et al. The role of novel biomarker HE4 in the diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of ovarian cancer: A systematic review. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2017;17:827-39.
Giannopoulou L, Kasimir-Bauer S, Lianidou ES. Liquid biopsy in ovarian cancer: Recent advances on circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA. Clin Chem Lab Med 2018;56:186-97.
Böhm S, Faruqi A, Said I, et al. Chemotherapy response score: Development and validation of a system to quantify histopathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:2457-63.
Said I, Böhm S, Beasley J, et al. The chemotherapy response score (CRS): Interobserver reproducibility in a simple and prognostically relevant system for reporting the histologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in tuboovarian high-grade serous carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2017;36:172-9.
Coghlan E, Meniawy TM, Munro A, et al. Prognostic role of histological tumor regression in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for high-grade serous tubo-ovarian carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2017;27:708-13.
Lee JY, Chung YS, Na K, et al. External validation of chemotherapy response score system for histopathological assessment of tumor regression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in tubo-ovarian highgrade serous carcinoma. J Gynecol Oncol 2017;28:e73.
Singh P, Kaushal V, Rai B, et al. The chemotherapy response score is a useful histological predictor of prognosis in high-grade serous carcinoma. Histopathology 2018;72:619-25.
Ditzel HM, Strickland KC, Meserve EE, et al. Assessment of a chemotherapy response score (CRS) system for tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). Int J Gynecol Pathol 2019;38:230-240.
Cohen PA, Powell A, Böhm S, et al. Pathological chemotherapy response score predicts survival in patients with advanced ovarian cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data. Available: Https://ssrn. com/abstract= 3292601.
Rodríguez IM, Prat J. Mucinous tumors of the ovary: A clinicopathologic analysis of 75 borderline tumors (of intestinal type) and carcinomas. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:139-52.
Lee KR, Scully RE. Mucinous tumors of the ovary: A clinicopathologic study of 196 borderline tumors (of intestinal type) and carcinomas, including an evaluation of 11 cases with 'pseudomyxoma peritonei'. Am J Surg Pathol 2000;24:1447-64.
Chen S, Leitao MM, Tornos C, et al. Invasion patterns in stage I endometrioid and mucinous ovarian carcinomas: A clinicopathologic analysis emphasizing favorable outcomes in carcinomas without destructive stromal invasion and the occasional malignant course of carcinomas with limited destructive stromal invasion. Mod Pathol 2005;18:903-11.
Khunamornpong S, Settakorn J, Sukpan K, et al. Primary ovarian mucinous adenocarcinoma of intestinal type: A clinicopathologic study of 46 cases. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2014;33:176-85.
Tabrizi AD, Kalloger SE, Köbel M, et al. Primary ovarian mucinous carcinoma of intestinal type: Significance of pattern of invasion and immunohistochemical expression profile in a series of 31 cases. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2010;29:99-107.
Gouy S, Saidani M, Maulard A, et al. Characteristics and prognosis of stage I ovarian mucinous tumors according to expansile or infiltrative type. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018;28:493-9.
Hart WR. Mucinous tumors of the ovary: A review. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2005;24:4-25.
Bell DA. Low-grade serous tumors of ovary. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2014;33:348-56.
Malpica A, Longacre TA. Prognostic indicators in ovarian serous borderline tumours. Pathology 2018;50:205-13.
Vang R, Hannibal CG, Junge J, et al. Long-term behavior of serous borderline tumors subdivided into atypical proliferative tumors and noninvasive low-grade carcinomas: A populationbased clinicopathologic study of 942 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2017;41:725-37.
Hauptmann S, Friedrich K, Redline R, et al. Ovarian borderline tumors in the 2014 WHO classification: Evolving concepts and diagnostic criteria. Virchows Arch 2017;470:125-42.
Karlsen NMS, Karlsen MA, Høgdall E, et al. Relapse and disease specific survival in 1143 Danish women diagnosed with borderline ovarian tumours (BOT). Gynecol Oncol 2016;142:50-3.
du Bois A, Ewald-Riegler N, de Gregorio N, et al. Borderline tumours of the ovary: A cohort study of the Arbeitsgmeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (AGO) Study Group. Eur J Cancer 2013;49:1905-14.
Uzan C, Muller E, Kane A, et al. Prognostic factors for recurrence after conservative treatment in a series of 119 patients with stage I serous borderline tumors of the ovary. Ann Oncol 2014;25:166-71.
Matias-Guiu X, Stewart CJR. Endometriosis-associated ovarian neoplasia. Pathology 2018;50:190-204.
Park HJ, Kim DW, Yim GW, et al. Staging laparoscopy for the management of early-stage ovarian cancer: A metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013;209:58.e1-58.e8.
Vergote I, De Brabanter J, Fyles A, et al. Prognostic importance of degree of differentiation and cyst rupture in stage I invasive epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Lancet 2001;357:176-82.
Morice P, Joulie F, Camatte S, et al. Lymph node involvement in epithelial ovarian cancer: Analysis of 276 pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomies and surgical implications. J Am Coll Surg 2003;197:198-205.
Powless CA, Aletti GD, Bakkum-Gamez JN, et al. Risk factors for lymph node metastasis in apparent early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer: Implications for surgical staging. Gynecol Oncol 2011;122:536-40.
Gouy S, Saidani M, Maulard A, et al. Staging surgery in early-stage ovarian mucinous tumors according to expansile and infiltrative types. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2017;22:21-5.
Muyldermans K, Moerman P, Amant F, et al. Primary invasive mucinous ovarian carcinoma of the intestinal type: Importance of the expansile versus infiltrative type in predicting recurrence and lymph node metastases. Eur J Cancer 2013;49:1600-8.
Minig L, Heitz F, Cibula D, et al. Patterns of lymph node metastases in apparent stage I low-grade epithelial ovarian cancer: A multicenter study. Ann Surg Oncol 2017;24:2720-6.
Houck K, Nikrui N, Duska L, et al. Borderline tumors of the ovary: Correlation of frozen and permanent histopathologic diagnosis. Obstet Gynecol 2000;95:839-43.
Shih KK, Garg K, Soslow RA, et al. Accuracy of frozen section diagnosis of ovarian borderline tumor. Gynecol Oncol 2011;123:517-21.
Bentivegna E, Gouy S, Maulard A, et al. Fertility-sparing surgery in epithelial ovarian cancer: A systematic review of oncological issues. Ann Oncol 2016;27:1994-2004.
Satoh T, Hatae M, Watanabe Y, et al. Outcomes of fertility-sparing surgery for stage I epithelial ovarian cancer: A proposal for patient selection. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:1727-32.
Fruscio R, Corso S, Ceppi L, et al. Conservative management of early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer: Results of a large retrospective series. Ann Oncol 2013;24:138-44.
Bentivegna E, Fruscio R, Roussin S, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with an isolated ovarian recurrence after conservative treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer: Review of the results of an international multicenter study comprising 545 patients. Fertil Steril 2015;104:1319-24.
Lawrie TA, Winter-Roach BA, Heus P, et al. Adjuvant (post-surgery) chemotherapy for early stage epithelial ovarian cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;12:CD004706.
Collinson F, Qian W, Fossati R, et al. Optimal treatment of earlystage ovarian cancer. Ann Oncol 2014;25:1165-71.
Colombo N, Guthrie D, Chiari S, et al. International Collaborative Ovarian Neoplasm Trial 1: A randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy in women with early-stage ovarian cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:125-32.
Colombo N, Pecorelli S. What have we learned from ICON1 and action? Int J Gynecol Cancer 2003;13 Suppl 2:140-3.
Colombo N, Trimbos JB, Guthrie D, et al. Action + ICON1: Two parallel randomised phased III trials comparing adjuvant chemotherapy to no adjuvant chemotherapy following surgery in women with high risk early ovarian cancer. Eur J Cancer 2001;37(Suppl 6):276.
Shimizu D, Sato N, Sato T, et al. Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage I ovarian carcinoma with intraoperative tumor capsule rupture. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2015;41:432-9.
Takada T, Iwase H, Iitsuka C, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy for stage I clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: An analysis of fully staged patients. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2012;22:573-8.
Takano M, Sugiyama T, Yaegashi N, et al. Less impact of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage I clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: A retrospective Japan clear cell carcinoma study. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2010;20:1506-10.
Mizuno M, Kajiyama H, Shibata K, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy for stage I ovarian clear cell carcinoma: Is it necessary for stage IA? Int J Gynecol Cancer 2012;22:1143-9.
Oseledchyk A, Leitao MM, Konner J, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage I endometrioid or clear cell ovarian cancer in the platinum era: A surveillance, epidemiology, and end results cohort study, 2000-2013. Ann Oncol 2017;28:2985-93.
Chatterjee S, Chen L, Tergas AI, et al. Utilization and outcomes of chemotherapy in women with intermediate-risk, early-stage ovarian cancer. Obstet Gynecol 2016;127:992-1002.
Kajiyama H, Mizuno M, Shibata K, et al. A recurrence-predicting prognostic factor for patients with ovarian clear-cell adenocarcinoma at reproductive age. Int J Clin Oncol 2014;19:921-7.
Prat J, De Nictolis M. Serous borderline tumors of the ovary: A long-term follow-up study of 137 cases, including 18 with a micropapillary pattern and 20 with microinvasion. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:1111-28.
Timmers PJ, Zwinderman AH, Coens C, et al. Understanding the problem of inadequately staging early ovarian cancer. Eur J Cancer 2010;46:880-4.
Trimbos B, Timmers P, Pecorelli S, et al. Surgical staging and treatment of early ovarian cancer: Long-term analysis from a randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010;102:982-7.
Trimbos JB, Parmar M, Vergote I, et al. International Collaborative Ovarian Neoplasm Trial 1 and Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Ovarian Neoplasm Trial: Two parallel randomized phase III trials of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early-stage ovarian carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:105-12.
Trimbos JB, Vergote I, Bolis G, et al. Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy and surgical staging in early-stage ovarian carcinoma: European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer-AdjuvanT Chemotherapy in Ovarian Neoplasm Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:113-25.
Vergote I, Trimbos JB, Guthrie D, et al. Results of a randomized trial in 923 patients with high-risk early ovarian cancer, comparing adjuvant chemotherapy with no further treatment following surgery. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2001;20:201a.
Bell J, Brady MF, Young RC, et al. Randomized phase III trial of three versus six cycles of adjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel in early stage epithelial ovarian carcinoma: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol 2006;102:432-9.
Chan JK, Tian C, Fleming GF, et al. The potential benefit of 6 vs. 3 cycles of chemotherapy in subsets of women with early-stage high-risk epithelial ovarian cancer: An exploratory analysis of a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol 2010;116:301-6.
Bakkum-Gamez JN, Richardson DL, Seamon LG, et al. Is there a high-risk subgroup of stage I epithelial ovarian cancer that is most likely to benefit from 6 versus 3 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy? Int J Gynecol Cancer 2010;20:1125-31.
Bolis G, Colombo N, Pecorelli S, et al. Adjuvant treatment for early epithelial ovarian cancer: Results of two randomised clinical trials comparing cisplatin to NO further treatment or chromic phosphate (32P). G.I.C.O.G.: Gruppo Interregionale Collaborativo in Ginecologia Oncologica. Ann Oncol 1995;6:887-93.
Tropé C, Kaern J, Hogberg T, et al. Randomized study on adjuvant chemotherapy in stage I high-risk ovarian cancer with evaluation of DNA-ploidy as prognostic instrument. Ann Oncol 2000;11:281-8.
Tropé C, Kaern J, Vergote I, et al. Randomized trial on adjuvant carboplatin versus no treatment in stage I high risk ovarian cancer by the Nordic Ovarian Cancer Study Group (NOCOVA) [abstract]. Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology 1997;16:352a.
Young RC, Walton LA, Ellenberg SS, et al. Adjuvant therapy in stage I and stage II epithelial ovarian cancer. Results of two prospective randomized trials. N Engl J Med 1990;322:1021-7.
International Collaborative Ovarian Neoplasm Group. Paclitaxel plus carboplatin versus standard chemotherapy with either singleagent carboplatin or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in women with ovarian cancer: The ICON3 randomised trial. Lancet 2002;360:505-15.
Mannel RS, Brady MF, Kohn EC, et al. A randomized phase III trial of IV carboplatin and paclitaxel × 3 courses followed by observation versus weekly maintenance low-dose paclitaxel in patients with early-stage ovarian carcinoma: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol 2011;122:89-94.
Omura GA, Bundy BN, Berek JS, et al. Randomized trial of cyclophosphamide plus cisplatin with or without doxorubicin in ovarian carcinoma: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 1989;7:457-65.
Flynn PM, Paul J, Cruickshank DJ, et al. Does the interval from primary surgery to chemotherapy influence progression-free survival in ovarian cancer? Gynecol Oncol 2002;86:354-7.
Warwick J, Kehoe S, Earl H, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with advanced ovarian cancer treated in randomised clinical trials. Br J Cancer 1995;72:1513-7.
Sorbe B. Prognostic importance of the time interval from surgery to chemotherapy in treatment of ovarian carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2004;14:788-93.
Gadducci A, Sartori E, Landoni F, et al. Relationship between time interval from primary surgery to the start of taxane-plus platinum-based chemotherapy and clinical outcome of patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: Results of a multicenter retrospective Italian study. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:751-8.
Aletti GD, Long HJ, Podratz KC, et al. Is time to chemotherapy a determinant of prognosis in advanced-stage ovarian cancer? Gynecol Oncol 2007;104:212-6.
Paulsen T, Kaern J, Kjaerheim K, et al. Influence of interval between primary surgery and chemotherapy on short-term survival of patients with advanced ovarian, tubal or peritoneal cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2006;102:447-52.
Rosa DD, Clamp A, Mullamitha S, et al. The interval from surgery to chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 2006;32:588-91.
Wright J, Doan T, McBride R, et al. Variability in chemotherapy delivery for elderly women with advanced stage ovarian cancer and its impact on survival. Br J Cancer 2008;98:1197-203.
Tewari KS, Java JJ, Eskander RN, et al. Early initiation of chemotherapy following complete resection of advanced ovarian cancer associated with improved survival: NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Ann Oncol 2016;27:114-21.
Mahner S, Eulenburg C, Staehle A, et al. Prognostic impact of the time interval between surgery and chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer: Analysis of prospective randomised phase III trials. Eur J Cancer 2013;49:142-9.
Chan JK, Java JJ, Fuh K, et al. The association between timing of initiation of adjuvant therapy and the survival of early stage ovarian cancer patients-an analysis of NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group trials. Gynecol Oncol 2016;143:490-5.
Young RC, Brady MF, Nieberg RK, et al. Adjuvant treatment for early ovarian cancer: A randomized phase III trial of intraperitoneal 32P or intravenous cyclophosphamide and cisplatin-A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:4350-5.
Daraï E, Fauvet R, Uzan C, et al. Fertility and borderline ovarian tumor: A systematic review of conservative management, risk of recurrence and alternative options. Hum Reprod Update 2013;19:151-66.
Zanetta G, Rota S, Chiari S, et al. Behavior of borderline tumors with particular interest to persistence, recurrence, and progression to invasive carcinoma: A prospective study. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:2658-64.
Trillsch F, Mahner S, Woelber L, et al. Age-dependent differences in borderline ovarian tumours (BOT) regarding clinical characteristics and outcome: Results from a sub-analysis of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynaekologische Onkologie (AGO) ROBOT study. Ann Oncol 2014;25:1320-7.
Morice P, Uzan C, Fauvet R, et al. Borderline ovarian tumour: Pathological diagnostic dilemma and risk factors for invasive or lethal recurrence. Lancet Oncol 2012;13:e103-15.
Dewilde K, Moerman P, Leunen K, et al. Staging with unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and expert pathological review result in no recurrences in a series of 81 intestinal-type mucinous borderline ovarian tumors. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2018;83:65-9.
Uzan C, Nikpayam M, Ribassin-Majed L, et al. Influence of histological subtypes on the risk of an invasive recurrence in a large series of stage I borderline ovarian tumor including 191 conservative treatments. Ann Oncol 2014;25:1312-9.
Uzan C, Kane A, Rey A, et al. Outcomes after conservative treatment of advanced-stage serous borderline tumors of the ovary. Ann Oncol 2010;21:55-60.
Palomba S, Falbo A, Del Negro S, et al. Ultra-conservative fertilitysparing strategy for bilateral borderline ovarian tumours: An 11-year follow-up. Hum Reprod 2010;25:1966-72.
Cheng A, Li M, Kanis MJ, et al. Is it necessary to perform routine appendectomy for mucinous ovarian neoplasms? A retrospective study and meta-analysis. Gynecol Oncol 2017;144:215-22.
Bendifallah S, Nikpayam M, Ballester M, et al. New pointers for surgical staging of borderline ovarian tumors. Ann Surg Oncol 2016;23:443-9.
Zapardiel I, Rosenberg P, Peiretti M, et al. The role of restaging borderline ovarian tumors: Single institution experience and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol 2010;119:274-7.
Kane A, Uzan C, Rey A, et al. Prognostic factors in patients with ovarian serous low malignant potential (borderline) tumors with peritoneal implants. Oncologist 2009;14:591-600.
Longacre TA, McKenney JK, Tazelaar HD, et al. Ovarian serous tumors of low malignant potential (borderline tumors): Outcomebased study of 276 patients with long-term (> or =5-year) followup. Am J Surg Pathol 2005;29:707-23.
Leary A, Petrella MC, Pautier P, et al. Adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy for borderline serous ovarian tumors with invasive implants. Gynecol Oncol 2014;132:23-7.
Vasconcelos I, Olschewski J, Braicu I, et al. A meta-analysis on the impact of platinum-based adjuvant treatment on the outcome of borderline ovarian tumors with invasive implants. Oncologist 2015;20:151-8.
Barnhill DR, Kurman RJ, Brady MF, et al. Preliminary analysis of the behavior of stage I ovarian serous tumors of low malignant potential: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:2752-6.
Camatte S, Morice P, Pautier P, et al. Fertility results after conservative treatment of advanced stage serous borderline tumour of the ovary. BJOG 2002;109:376-80.
Kane A, Uzan C, Gouy S, et al. Fertility results and outcomes after pure laparoscopic management of advanced-stage serous borderline tumors of the ovary. Fertil Steril 2010;94:2891-4.
Morice P, Camatte S, Rey A, et al. Prognostic factors for patients with advanced stage serous borderline tumours of the ovary. Ann Oncol 2003;14:592-8.
Park J-Y, Kim D-Y, Kim J-H, et al. Micropapillary pattern in serous borderline ovarian tumors: Does it matter? Gynecol Oncol 2011;123:511-6.
de Nictolis M, Montironi R, Tommasoni S, et al. Serous borderline tumors of the ovary. A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and quantitative study of 44 cases. Cancer 1992;70:152-60.
Eichhorn JH, Bell DA, Young RH, et al. Ovarian serous borderline tumors with micropapillary and cribriform patterns: A study of 40 cases and comparison with 44 cases without these patterns. Am J Surg Pathol 1999;23:397-409.
Fauvet R, Demblocque E, Morice P, et al. Behavior of serous borderline ovarian tumors with and without micropapillary patterns: Results of a French multicenter study. Ann Surg Oncol 2012;19:941-7.
Gershenson DM, Silva EG. Serous ovarian tumors of low malignant potential with peritoneal implants. Cancer 1990;65:578-85.
Gershenson DM, Silva EG, Levy L, et al. Ovarian serous borderline tumors with invasive peritoneal implants. Cancer 1998;82:1096-103.
Gershenson DM, Silva EG, Tortolero-Luna G, et al. Serous borderline tumors of the ovary with noninvasive peritoneal implants. Cancer 1998;83:2157-63.
Goldstein NS, Ceniza N. Ovarian micropapillary serous borderline tumors. Clinicopathologic features and outcome of seven surgically staged patients. Am J Clin Pathol 2000;114:380-6.
Kennedy AW, Hart WR. Ovarian papillary serous tumors of low malignant potential (serous borderline tumors). A long-term follow-up study, including patients with microinvasion, lymph node metastasis, and transformation to invasive serous carcinoma. Cancer 1996;78:278-86.
Seidman JD, Kurman RJ. Subclassification of serous borderline tumors of the ovary into benign and malignant types. A clinicopathologic study of 65 advanced stage cases. Am J Surg Pathol 1996;20:1331-45.
Silva EG, Gershenson DM, Malpica A, et al. The recurrence and the overall survival rates of ovarian serous borderline neoplasms with noninvasive implants is time dependent. Am J Surg Pathol 2006;30:1367-71.
Sneige N, Thomison JB, Malpica A, et al. Peritoneal washing cytologic analysis of ovarian serous tumors of low malignant potential to detect peritoneal implants and predict clinical outcome. Cancer Cytopathol 2012;120:238-44.
Song T, Choi CH, Park HS, et al. Fertility-sparing surgery for borderline ovarian tumors: Oncologic safety and reproductive outcomes. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2011;21:640-6.
Vasconcelos I, Olschewski J, Braicu I, et al. Limited efficacy of platinum-based adjuvant treatment on the outcome of borderline ovarian tumors. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015;186:26-33.
du Bois A, Reuss A, Pujade-Lauraine E, et al. Role of surgical outcome as prognostic factor in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: A combined exploratory analysis of 3 prospectively randomized phase 3 multicenter trials: By the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynaekologische Onkologie Studiengruppe Ovarialkarzinom (AGO-OVAR) and The Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour les Etudes des Cancers de l'Ovaire (GINECO). Cancer 2009;115:1234-44.
Bristow RE, Tomacruz RS, Armstrong DK, et al. Survival effect of maximal cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian carcinoma during the platinum era: A meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:1248-59.
Vergote IB, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Vanderstichele A. How to select neoadjuvant chemotherapy or primary debulking surgery in patients with stage IIIC or IV ovarian carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2016;34:3827-8.
du Bois A, Quinn M, Thigpen T, et al. 2004 consensus statements on the management of ovarian cancer: Final document of the 3rd International Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup Ovarian Cancer Consensus Conference (GCIG OCCC 2004). Ann Oncol 2005;16 Suppl 8(Suppl 8):viii7-12.
Stuart GCE, Kitchener H, Bacon M, et al. 2010 Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIG) consensus statement on clinical trials in ovarian cancer: Report from the Fourth Ovarian Cancer Consensus Conference. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2011;21:750-5.
Vergote I, Tropé CG, Amant F, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or primary surgery in stage IIIC or IV ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 2010;363:943-53.
Kehoe S, Hook J, Nankivell M, et al. Primary chemotherapy versus primary surgery for newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer (CHORUS): An open-label, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2015;386:249-57.
Vergote I, du Bois A, Amant F, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer: On what do we agree and disagree? Gynecol Oncol 2013;128:6-11.
Michielsen K, Dresen R, Vanslembrouck R, et al. Diagnostic value of whole body diffusion-weighted MRI compared to computed tomography for pre-operative assessment of patients suspected for ovarian cancer. Eur J Cancer 2017;83:88-98.
Risum S, Høgdall C, Loft A, et al. Prediction of suboptimal primary cytoreduction in primary ovarian cancer with combined positron emission tomography/computed tomography-A prospective study. Gynecol Oncol 2008;108:265-70.
Vandecaveye V, Dresen R, De Keyzer F. Novel imaging techniques in gynaecological cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 2017;29:335-42.
Wright AA, Bohlke K, Armstrong DK, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for newly diagnosed, advanced ovarian cancer: Society of Gynecologic Oncology and American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol 2016;34:3460-73.
Fischerova D, Cibula D. Ultrasound in gynecological cancer: Is it time for re-evaluation of its uses? Curr Oncol Rep 2015;17:28.
Timmerman D, Van Calster B, Testa A, et al. Predicting the risk of malignancy in adnexal masses based on the simple rules from the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis Group. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016;214:424-37.
Abramowicz JS, Timmerman D. Ovarian mass-differentiating benign from malignant: The value of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis ultrasound rules. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017;217:652-60.
Brun J-L, Rouzier R, Selle F, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or primary surgery for stage III/IV ovarian cancer: Contribution of diagnostic laparoscopy. BMC Cancer 2009;9:171.
Fagotti A, Ferrandina G, Fanfani F, et al. A laparoscopy-based score to predict surgical outcome in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma: A pilot study. Ann Surg Oncol 2006;13:1156-61.
Vergote I, Marquette S, Amant F, et al. Port-site metastases after open laparoscopy: A study in 173 patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2005;15:776-9.
Querleu D, Planchamp F, Chiva L, et al. European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) guidelines for ovarian cancer surgery. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2017;27:1534-42.
Querleu D, Planchamp F, Chiva L, et al. European Society of Gynaecologic Oncology quality indicators for advanced ovarian cancer surgery. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016;26:1354-63.
Burger RA, Brady MF, Bookman MA, et al. Incorporation of bevacizumab in the primary treatment of ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 2011;365:2473-83.
Perren TJ, Swart AM, Pfisterer J, et al. A phase 3 trial of bevacizumab in ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 2011;365:2484-96.
Randall L, Burger R, Nguyen H, et al. Outcome differences in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal and fallopian tube cancers treated with and without bevacizumab. Gynecol Oncol 2013;130:e33-4.
Burger RA, Brady MF, Bookman MA, et al. Risk factors for GI adverse events in a phase III randomized trial of bevacizumab in first-line therapy of advanced ovarian cancer: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:1210-7.
Rouzier R, Gouy S, Selle F, et al. Efficacy and safety of bevacizumab-containing neoadjuvant therapy followed by interval debulking surgery in advanced ovarian cancer: Results from the ANTHALYA trial. Eur J Cancer 2017;70:133-42.
Garcia Y GD, De Juan A, Mendiola C, et al. Phase II randomized trial of neoadjuvant (NA) chemotherapy (CT) with or without bevacizumab (Bev) in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) (GEICO 1205/NOVA TRIAL). J Clin Oncol 2017;35(15-suppl):5508.
Katsumata N, Yasuda M, Isonishi S, et al. Long-term results of dose-dense paclitaxel and carboplatin versus conventional paclitaxel and carboplatin for treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer (JGOG 3016): A randomised, controlled, open-label trial. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:1020-6.
Chan JK, Brady MF, Penson RT, et al. Weekly vs. every-3-week paclitaxel and carboplatin for ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 2016;374:738-48.
Pignata S, Scambia G, Katsaros D, et al. Carboplatin plus paclitaxel once a week versus every 3 weeks in patients with advanced ovarian cancer (MITO-7): A randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2014;15:396-405.
van der Burg MEL, Onstenk W, Boere IA, et al. Long-term results of a randomised phase III trial of weekly versus three-weekly paclitaxel/platinum induction therapy followed by standard or extended three-weekly paclitaxel/platinum in European patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Eur J Cancer 2014;50:2592-601.
Clamp AR, McNeish I, Dean A, et al. 929O-PR ICON8: A GCIG phase III randomised trial evaluating weekly dose-dense chemotherapy integration in first-line epithelial ovarian/fallopian tube/primary peritoneal carcinoma (EOC) treatment: Results of primary progression-free survival (PFS) analysis. Ann Oncol 2017;28(suppl-5):mdx440.039.
Markman M, Bundy BN, Alberts DS, et al. Phase III trial of standard-dose intravenous cisplatin plus paclitaxel versus moderately high-dose carboplatin followed by intravenous paclitaxel and intraperitoneal cisplatin in small-volume stage III ovarian carcinoma: An intergroup study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group, Southwestern Oncology Group, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:1001-7.
Alberts DS, Liu PY, Hannigan EV, et al. Intraperitoneal cisplatin plus intravenous cyclophosphamide versus intravenous cisplatin plus intravenous cyclophosphamide for stage III ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1950-5.
Hess LM, Benham-Hutchins M, Herzog TJ, et al. A meta-analysis of the efficacy of intraperitoneal cisplatin for the front-line treatment of ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007;17:561-70.
Jaaback K, Johnson N, Lawrie TA. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the initial management of primary epithelial ovarian cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016;1:CD005340.
Armstrong DK, Bundy B, Wenzel L, et al. Intraperitoneal cisplatin and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 2006;354:34-43.
Tewari D, Java JJ, Salani R, et al. Long-term survival advantage and prognostic factors associated with intraperitoneal chemotherapy treatment in advanced ovarian cancer: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:1460-6.
Ozols RF, Bundy BN, Greer BE, et al. Phase III trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel compared with cisplatin and paclitaxel in patients with optimally resected stage III ovarian cancer: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:3194-200.
du Bois A, Lück H-J, Meier W, et al. A randomized clinical trial of cisplatin/paclitaxel versus carboplatin/paclitaxel as first-line treatment of ovarian cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1320-9.
Gore M, du Bois A, Vergote I. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy in ovarian cancer remains experimental. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:4528-30.
Walker J, Brady MF, DiSilvestro PA, et al. A phase III trial of bevacizumab with IV versus IP chemotherapy for ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal carcinoma: An NRG oncology study. Gynecol Oncol 2016;141:208.
Spiliotis J, Vaxevanidou A, Sergouniotis F, et al. The role of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the management of recurrent advanced ovarian cancer: A prospective study. J BUON 2011;16:74-9.
Batista TP. Comment on: Surgery and HIPEC in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: A prospective randomized phase III study. Ann Surg Oncol 2017;24(Suppl 3):630.
Harter P, Reuss A, Sehouli J, et al. Brief report about the role of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in a prospective randomized phase 3 study in recurrent ovarian cancer from Spiliotis et al. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2017;27:246-7.
Chiva LM, Gonzalez-Martin A. A critical appraisal of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the treatment of advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2015;136:130-5.
Lim MC, Chang S-J, Yoo HJ, et al. Randomized trial of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in women with primary advanced peritoneal, ovarian, and tubal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2017;35(15-suppl):5520.
Hotouras A, Desai D, Bhan C, et al. Heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer: A systematic literature review. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016;26:661-70.
van Driel WJ, Koole SN, Sikorska K, et al. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 2018;378:230-40.
Chiva L, Lapuente F, Castellanos T, et al. What should we expect after a complete cytoreduction at the time of interval or primary debulking surgery in advanced ovarian cancer? Ann Surg Oncol 2016;23:1666-73.
Fotopoulou C, Jones BP, Savvatis K, et al. Maximal effort cytoreductive surgery for disseminated ovarian cancer in a UK setting: Challenges and possibilities. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016;294:607-14.
Fotopoulou C, Sehouli J, Mahner S, et al. HIPEC: Hope or hype in the fight against advanced ovarian cancer? Ann Oncol 2018;29:1610-3.
Vergote I, Chiva L, du Bois A. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 2018;378:1362-3.
Afsar B, Kanbay M. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 2018;378:1362.
Tozzi R, Casarin J, Garruto-Campanile R, et al. Morbidity and reversal rate of ileostomy after bowel resection during visceralperitoneal debulking (VPD) in patients with stage IIIC-IV ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2018;148:74-8.
Fader AN, Java J, Ueda S, et al. Survival in women with grade 1 serous ovarian carcinoma. Obstet Gynecol 2013;122:225-32.
Crane EK, Sun CC, Ramirez PT, et al. The role of secondary cytoreduction in low-grade serous ovarian cancer or peritoneal cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2015;136:25-9.
Schmeler KM, Sun CC, Malpica A, et al. Low-grade serous primary peritoneal carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2011;121:482-6.
Schmeler KM, Sun CC, Bodurka DC, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary or peritoneum. Gynecol Oncol 2008;108:510-4.
Grabowski JP, Harter P, Heitz F, et al. Operability and chemotherapy responsiveness in advanced low-grade serous ovarian cancer. An analysis of the AGO Study Group metadatabase. Gynecol Oncol 2016;140:457-62.
Gockley A, Melamed A, Bregar AJ, et al. Outcomes of women with high-grade and low-grade advanced-stage serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Obstet Gynecol 2017;129:439-47.
Hess V, A'Hern R, Nasiri N, et al. Mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer: A separate entity requiring specific treatment. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:1040-4.
Magazzino F, Katsaros D, Ottaiano A, et al. Surgical and medical treatment of clear cell ovarian cancer: Results from the Multicenter Italian Trials in Ovarian Cancer (MITO) 9 retrospective study. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2011;21:1063-70.
Goff BA, Sainz de la Cuesta R, Muntz HG, et al. Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: A distinct histologic type with poor prognosis and resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy in stage III disease. Gynecol Oncol 1996;60:412-7.
Fader AN, Bergstrom J, Jernigan A, et al. Primary cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant hormonal monotherapy in women with advanced low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma: Reducing overtreatment without compromising survival? Gynecol Oncol 2017;147:85-91.
Gershenson DM, Bodurka DC, Coleman RL, et al. Hormonal maintenance therapy for women with low-grade serous cancer of the ovary or peritoneum. J Clin Oncol 2017;35:1103-11.
Farley J, Brady WE, Vathipadiekal V, et al. Selumetinib in women with recurrent low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary or peritoneum: An open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:134-40.
Grisham RN, Iyer G, Sala E, et al. Bevacizumab shows activity in patients with low-grade serous ovarian and primary peritoneal cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2014;24:1010-4.
Rose PG, Mahdi H, Jernigan A, et al. Activity of bevacizumab in patients with low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016;26:1048-52.
Dalton HJ, Fleming ND, Sun CC, et al. Activity of bevacizumabcontaining regimens in recurrent low-grade serous ovarian or peritoneal cancer: A single institution experience. Gynecol Oncol 2017;145:37-40.
Hamanishi J, Mandai M, Ikeda T, et al. Safety and antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 antibody, nivolumab, in patients with platinumresistant ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:4015-22.
Ribas A, Puzanov I, Dummer R, et al. Pembrolizumab versus investigator-choice chemotherapy for ipilimumab-refractory melanoma (KEYNOTE-002): A randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2015;16:908-18.
Clarke T, Galaal K, Bryant A, et al. Evaluation of follow-up strategies for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer following completion of primary treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;9:CD004706.
Geurts SME, de Vegt F, van Altena AM, et al. Considering early detection of relapsed ovarian cancer: A review of the literature. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2011;21:837-45.
Geurts SME, de Vegt F, van Altena AM, et al. Impact of routine follow-up examinations on life expectancy in ovarian cancer patients: A simulation study. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2012;22:1150-7.
Geurts SME, van Altena AM, de Vegt F, et al. No supportive evidence for clinical benefit of routine follow-up in ovarian cancer: A Dutch multicenter study. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2011;21:647-53.
Du Bois A, Vergote I, Ferron G, et al. Randomized controlled phase III study evaluating the impact of secondary cytoreductive surgery in recurrent ovarian cancer: AGO DESKTOP III/ENGOT ov20. J Clin Oncol 2017;35(15-suppl):5501.
Fotopoulou C, Hall M, Cruickshank D, et al. British Gynaecological Cancer Society (BGCS) epithelial ovarian/fallopian tube/primary peritoneal cancer guidelines: Recommendations for practice. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2017;213:123-39.
Friedlander M, Mercieca-Bebber RL, King MT. Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) in ovarian cancer clinical trials-lost opportunities and lessons learned. Ann Oncol 2016;27(Suppl 1):i66-71.
Joly F, Hilpert F, Okamoto A, et al. Fifth Ovarian Cancer Consensus Conference of the Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup: Recommendations on incorporating patient-reported outcomes in clinical trials in epithelial ovarian cancer. Eur J Cancer 2017;78:133-8.
Gu P, Pan L-L, Wu S-Q, et al. CA 125, PET alone, PET-CT, CT and MRI in diagnosing recurrent ovarian carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol 2009;71:164-74.
Han EJ, Park HL, Lee YS, et al. Clinical usefulness of posttreatment FDG PET/CT in patients with ovarian malignancy. Ann Nucl Med 2016;30:600-7.
You JJ, Cline KJ, Gu C-S, et al. (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positronemission tomography-computed tomography to diagnose recurrent cancer. Br J Cancer 2015;112:1737-43:20160468.
Michielsen KLM, Vergote I, Dresen R, et al. Whole-body diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of recurrent ovarian cancer: A clinical feasibility study. Br J Radiol 2016;89.
Sawicki LM, Kirchner J, Grueneisen J, et al. Comparison of 18F-FDG PET/MRI and MRI alone for whole-body staging and potential impact on therapeutic management of women with suspected recurrent pelvic cancer: A follow-up study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018;45:622-9.
Berger KL, Nicholson SA, Dehdashti F, et al. FDG PET evaluation of mucinous neoplasms: Correlation of FDG uptake with histopathologic features. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;174:1005-8.
Sölétormos G, Duffy MJ, Othman Abu Hassan S, et al. Clinical use of cancer biomarkers in epithelial ovarian cancer: Updated guidelines from the European Group on Tumor Markers. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2016;26:43-51.
Rustin GJS, van der Burg MEL, Griffin CL, et al. Early versus delayed treatment of relapsed ovarian cancer (MRC OV05/EORTC 55955): A randomised trial. Lancet 2010;376:1155-63.
Faubion SS, MacLaughlin KL, Long ME, et al. Surveillance and care of the gynecologic cancer survivor. J Womens Health 2015;24:899-906.
Eeles RA, Morden JP, Gore M, et al. Adjuvant hormone therapy may improve survival in epithelial ovarian cancer: Results of the AHT randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:4138-44.
Morrison V, Spencer LH, Totton N, et al. Trial of Optimal Personalised Care After Treatment-Gynaecological Cancer (TOPCAT-G): A randomized feasibility trial. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018;28:401-11.
Lanceley A, Berzuini C, Burnell M, et al. Ovarian cancer follow-up: A preliminary comparison of 2 approaches. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2017;27:59-68.
Fidjeland HL, Brekke M, Vistad I. General practitioners' attitudes toward follow-up after cancer treatment: A cross-sectional questionnaire study. Scand J Prim Health Care 2015;33:223-32.
Salani R, Khanna N, Frimer M, et al. An update on posttreatment surveillance and diagnosis of recurrence in women with gynecologic malignancies: Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) recommendations. Gynecol Oncol 2017;146:3-10.
Harter P, du Bois A, Hahmann M, et al. Surgery in recurrent ovarian cancer: The Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynaekologische Onkologie (AGO) DESKTOP OVAR trial. Ann Surg Oncol 2006;13:1702-10.
Coleman RL, Enserro D, Spirtos N, et al. A phase III randomized controlled trial of secondary surgical cytoreduction (SSC) followed by platinum-based combination chemotherapy (pBC), with or without bevacizumab (B) in platinum-sensitive, recurrent ovarian cancer (PSOC): A NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) study. J Clin Oncol 2018;36(15-suppl):5501.
Harter P, Sehouli J, Reuss A, et al. Prospective validation study of a predictive score for Operability of recurrent ovarian cancer: The Multicenter Intergroup Study DESKTOP II. A project of the AGO Kommission OVAR, AGO study Group, NOGGO, AGO-Austria, and MITO. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2011;21:289-95.
Fanfani F, Fagotti A, Ercoli A, et al. Is there a role for tertiary (TCR) and quaternary (QCR) cytoreduction in recurrent ovarian cancer? Anticancer Res 2015;35:6951-5.
Fotopoulou C, Zang R, Gultekin M, et al. Value of tertiary cytoreductive surgery in epithelial ovarian cancer: An international multicenter evaluation. Ann Surg Oncol 2013;20:1348-54.
Feuer DJ, Broadley KE. Corticosteroids for the resolution of malignant bowel obstruction in advanced gynaecological and gastrointestinal cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;2:CD001219.
Peng X, Wang P, Li S, et al. Randomized clinical trial comparing octreotide and scopolamine butylbromide in symptom control of patients with inoperable bowel obstruction due to advanced ovarian cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2015;13:50.
Kucukmetin A, Naik R, Galaal K, et al. Palliative surgery versus medical management for bowel obstruction in ovarian cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;15:CD007792.
Cousins SE, Tempest E, Feuer DJ, et al. Surgery for the resolution of symptoms in malignant bowel obstruction in advanced gynaecological and gastrointestinal cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016;5:CD002764.
Fotopoulou C, Braicu EI, Kwee S-L, et al. Salvage surgery due to bowel obstruction in advanced or relapsed ovarian cancer resulting in short bowel syndrome and long-life total parenteral nutrition: Surgical and clinical outcome. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2013;23:1495-500.
Perri T, Korach J, Ben-Baruch G, et al. Bowel obstruction in recurrent gynecologic malignancies: Defining who will benefit from surgical intervention. Eur J Surg Oncol 2014;40:899-904.
Pothuri B, Montemarano M, Gerardi M, et al. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement in patients with malignant bowel obstruction due to ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2005;96:330-4.
Jutzi L, Russell D, Ho S, et al. The role of palliative colorectal stents in gynaecologic malignancy. Gynecol Oncol 2014;134:566-9.
Aghajanian C, Goff B, Nycum LR, et al. Final overall survival and safety analysis of OCEANS, a phase 3 trial of chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2015;139:10-16.
Coleman RL, Brady MF, Herzog TJ, et al. Bevacizumab and paclitaxel-carboplatin chemotherapy and secondary cytoreduction in recurrent, platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group study GOG-0213): A multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2017;18:779-91.
Stockler MR, Hilpert F, Friedlander M, et al. Patient-reported outcome results from the open-label phase III AURELIA trial evaluating bevacizumab-containing therapy for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:1309-16.
Pignata S, Lorusso D, Joly F, et al. Chemotherapy plus or minus bevacizumab for platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer patients recurring after a bevacizumab containing first line treatment: The randomized phase 3 trial MITO16B-MaNGO OV2B-ENGOT OV17. J Clin Oncol 2018;36(15-suppl).
Domchek SM, Aghajanian C, Shapira-Frommer R, et al. Efficacy and safety of olaparib monotherapy in germline BRCA1/2 mutation carriers with advanced ovarian cancer and three or more lines of prior therapy. Gynecol Oncol 2016;140:199-203.
Oza AM, Tinker AV, Oaknin A, et al. Antitumor activity and safety of the PARP inhibitor rucaparib in patients with high-grade ovarian carcinoma and a germline or somatic BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation: Integrated analysis of data from study 10 and ARIEL2. Gynecol Oncol 2017;147:267-75.
Rubraca (rucaparib). European Medicines Agency. Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use. Available: Https://www. ema. europa. eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/rubraca [Accessed 20 Dec 2018].
Wilson MK, Pujade-Lauraine E, Aoki D, et al. Fifth Ovarian Cancer Consensus Conference of the Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup: Recurrent disease. Ann Oncol 2017;28:727-32.
Pfisterer J, Plante M, Vergote I, et al. Gemcitabine plus carboplatin compared with carboplatin in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer: An intergroup trial of the AGO-OVAR, the NCIC CTG, and the EORTC GCG. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:4699-707.
Parmar MKB, Ledermann JA, Colombo N, et al. Paclitaxel plus platinum-based chemotherapy versus conventional platinum-based chemotherapy in women with relapsed ovarian cancer: The ICON4/AGO-OVAR-2.2 trial. Lancet 2003;361:2099-106.
Vergote I, Debruyne P, Kridelka F, et al. Phase II study of weekly paclitaxel/carboplatin in combination with prophylactic G-CSF in the treatment of gynecologic cancers: A study in 108 patients by the Belgian Gynaecological Oncology Group. Gynecol Oncol 2015;138:278-84.
Ledermann JA, Gabra H, Jayson GC, et al. Inhibition of carboplatininduced DNA interstrand cross-link repair by gemcitabine in patients receiving these drugs for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2010;16:4899-905.
Rafii S, Gourley C, Kumar R, et al. Baseline clinical predictors of antitumor response to the PARP inhibitor olaparib in germline BRCA1/2 mutated patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2017;8:47154-60.
Roncolato FT, Joly F, O'Connell R, et al. Reducing uncertainty: Predictors of stopping chemotherapy early and shortened survival time in platinum resistant/refractory ovarian cancer-The GCIG symptom benefit study. Oncologist 2017;22:1117-24.
Haun MW, Estel S, Rücker G, et al. Early palliative care for adults with advanced cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;6:CD011129.
Guastalla J, Vincent P, Le Roi A. CA125 evaluation of chemotherapy response in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer: Rustin criteria revisited. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2002;21:204a.
Pfisterer J, Dean AP, Baumann K, et al. 933OCarboplatin/pegylated liposomal doxorubicin/bevacizumab (CD-BEV) vs. carboplatin/gemcitabine/bevacizumab (CG-BEV) in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer: A prospective randomized phase III ENGOT/GCIG-Intergroup study (AGO study Group, AGO-Austria, ANZGOG, GINECO, SGCTG). Ann Oncol 2018;29(suppl-8):viii332-58.
Pujade-Lauraine E, Wagner U, Aavall-Lundqvist E, et al. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and carboplatin compared with paclitaxel and carboplatin for patients with platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer in late relapse. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:3323-9.
Gordon AN, Fleagle JT, Guthrie D, et al. Recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma: A randomized phase III study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin versus topotecan. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:3312-22.
Cherny NI, Sullivan R, Dafni U, et al. A standardised, generic, validated approach to stratify the magnitude of clinical benefit that can be anticipated from anti-cancer therapies: The European Society for Medical Oncology Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS). Ann Oncol 2015;26:1547-73.
Schnipper LE, Davidson NE, Wollins DS, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology statement: A conceptual framework to assess the value of cancer treatment options. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:2563-77.
Herzog TJ, Ison G, Alvarez RD, et al. FDA ovarian cancer clinical trial endpoints workshop: A Society of Gynecologic Oncology white paper. Gynecol Oncol 2017;147:3-10.
Cherny NI, Dafni U, Bogaerts J, et al. ESMO-Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale Version 1.1. Ann Oncol 2017;28:2340-66.
Calvert M, Kyte D, Mercieca-Bebber R, et al. Guidelines for inclusion of patient-reported outcomes in clinical trial protocols: The SPIRIT-PRO extension. JAMA 2018;319:483-94.
King MT, Stockler MR, O'Connell RL, et al. Measuring what matters most: Validation of the measure of ovarian symptoms and treatment, a patient-reported outcome measure of symptom burden and impact of chemotherapy in recurrent ovarian cancer. Qual Life Res 2018;27:59-74.
Lineberry N, Berlin JA, Mansi B, et al. Recommendations to improve adverse event reporting in clinical trial publications: A joint pharmaceutical industry/journal editor perspective. BMJ 2016;355:i5078.
Basch E, Pugh SL, Dueck AC, et al. Feasibility of patient reporting of symptomatic adverse events via the patient-reported outcomes version of the common terminology criteria for adverse events (PRO-CTCAE) in a chemoradiotherapy cooperative group multicenter clinical trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017;98:409-18.
Velikova G, Booth L, Smith AB, et al. Measuring quality of life in routine oncology practice improves communication and patient well-being: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:714-24.
