[en] Phosphorene is a new two-dimensional material that has recently attracted much attention owing to its fascinating electrical, optical, thermal and chemical properties. Here, we report on high-quality exfoliation of black phosphorus nanosheets, with controllable size produced in large quantities by liquid-phase exfoliation using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent under ambient conditions. The as-synthesized few layers show a great potential for solar energy conversion based on the optical results shown in this work.
Disciplines :
Chemistry
Author, co-author :
Tiouitchi, Ghassane
Ali, Mustapha Ait
Benyoussef, Abdelilah
Hamedoun, Mohammed
Lachgar, Abdessadek
Kara, Abdelkader
Ennaoui, Ahmed
Mahmoud, Abdelfattah ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de chimie (sciences) > LCIS - GreenMAT
Zhang S, et al., 2014 Extraordinary photoluminescence and strong temperature/angle-dependent Raman responses in few-layer phosphorene. ACS Nano 8, 9590-9596. (doi:10.1021/nn503893j)
Das S, Zhang W, Demarteau M, Hoffmann A, Dubey M, Roelofs A,. 2014 Tunable transport gap in phosphorene. Nano Lett. 14, 5733-5739. (doi:10.1021/nl5025535)
Geim AK,. 2009 Graphene: status and prospects. Science 324, 1530-1534. (doi:10.1126/science.1158877)
Wang QH, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kis A, Coleman JN, Strano MS,. 2012 Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat. Nanotechnol. 7, 699-712. (doi:10.1038/nnano.2012.193)
Kou L, Frauenheim T, Chen C,. 2014 Phosphorene as a superior gas sensor: selective adsorption and distinct I-V response. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5, 2675-2681. (doi:10.1021/jz501188k)
Yasaei P, Behranginia A, Foroozan T, Asadi M, Kim K, Khalili-Araghi F, Salehi-Khojin A,. 2015 Stable and selective humidity sensing using stacked black phosphorus flakes. ACS Nano 9, 9898-9905. (doi:10.1021/acsnano.5b03325)
Buscema M, Groenendijk DJ, Steele GA, van der Zant HSJ, Castellanos-Gomez A,. 2014 Photovoltaic effect in few-layer black phosphorus PN junctions defined by local electrostatic gating. Nat. Commun. 5, 4651. (doi:10.1038/ncomms5651)
Luo W, Shen F, Bommier C, Zhu H, Ji X, Hu L,. 2016 Na-ion battery anodes: materials and electrochemistry. Acc. Chem. Res. 49, 231-240. (doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00482)
Kim J-S, Liu Y, Zhu W, Kim S, Wu D, Tao L, Dodabalapur A, Lai K, Akinwande D,. 2015 Toward air-stable multilayer phosphorene thin-films and transistors. Sci. Rep. 5, 8989. (doi:10.1038/srep08989)
Ma Y, et al., 2017 Black phosphorus field-effect transistors with work function tunable contacts. ACS Nano 11, 7126-7133. (doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b02858)
Liu H, Neal AT, Zhu Z, Luo Z, Xu X, Tománek D, Ye PD,. 2014 Phosphorene: an unexplored 2D semiconductor with a high hole mobility. ACS Nano 8, 4033-4041. (doi:10.1021/nn501226z)
Asahina H, Morita A,. 1984 Band structure and optical properties of black phosphorus. J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 17, 1839-1852. (doi:10.1088/0022-3719/17/11/006)
Low T, Rodin AS, Carvalho A, Jiang Y, Wang H, Xia F, Neto AHC,. 2014 Tunable optical properties of multilayer black phosphorus thin films. Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 90, 075434. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.90.075434)
Çakir D, Sahin H, Peeters FM,. 2014 Tuning of the electronic and optical properties of single-layer black phosphorus by strain. Phys. Rev. B 90, 205421. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.90.205421)
Hanlon D, et al., 2015 Liquid exfoliation of solvent-stabilized few-layer black phosphorus for applications beyond electronics. Nat. Commun. 6, 8563. (doi:10.1038/ncomms9563)
Sansone G, Maschio L, Usvyat D, Schütz M, Karttunen A,. 2016 Toward an accurate estimate of the exfoliation energy of black phosphorus: a periodic quantum chemical approach. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 7, 131-136. (doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02174)
Yasaei P, Kumar B, Foroozan T, Wang C, Asadi M, Tuschel D, Indacochea JE, Klie RF, Salehi-Khojin A,. 2015 High-quality black phosphorus atomic layers by liquid-phase exfoliation. Adv. Mater. 27, 1887-1892. (doi:10.1002/adma.201405150)
Kang J, Wood JD, Wells SA, Lee J-H, Liu X, Chen K-S, Hersam MC,. 2015 Solvent exfoliation of electronic-grade, two-dimensional black phosphorus. ACS Nano 9, 3596-3604. (doi:10.1021/acsnano.5b01143)
Guo Z, et al., 2015 From black phosphorus to phosphorene: basic solvent exfoliation, evolution of Raman scattering, and applications to ultrafast photonics. Adv. Funct. Mater. 25, 6996-7002. (doi:10.1002/adfm.201502902)
Tiouitchi G, et al., 2019 An easy route to synthesize high-quality black phosphorus from amorphous red phosphorus. Mater. Lett. 236, 56-59. (doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2018.10.019)
Hernandez Y, et al., 2008 High-yield production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite. Nat. Nanotechnol. 3, 563-568. (doi:10.1038/nnano.2008.215)
Chen L, et al., 2016 Scalable clean exfoliation of high-quality few-layer black phosphorus for a flexible lithium ion battery. Adv. Mater. 28, 510-517. (doi:10.1002/adma.201503678)
Brent JR, Savjani N, Lewis EA, Haigh SJ, Lewis DJ, O'Brien P,. 2014 Production of few-layer phosphorene by liquid exfoliation of black phosphorus. Chem. Commun. 50, 13 338-13 341. (doi:10.1039/C4CC05752J)
Paton KR, et al., 2014 Scalable production of large quantities of defect-free few-layer graphene by shear exfoliation in liquids. Nat. Mater. 13, 624-630. (doi:10.1038/nmat3944)
Varrla E, Paton KR, Backes C, Harvey A, Smith RJ, McCauley J, Coleman JN,. 2014 Turbulence-assisted shear exfoliation of graphene using household detergent and a kitchen blender. Nanoscale 6, 11 810-11 819. (doi:10.1039/C4NR03560G)
Hanlon D, et al., 2014 Production of molybdenum trioxide nanosheets by liquid exfoliation and their application in high-performance supercapacitors. Chem. Mater. 26, 1751-1763. (doi:10.1021/cm500271u)
Zhi C, Bando Y, Tang C, Kuwahara H, Golberg D,. 2009 Large-scale fabrication of boron nitride nanosheets and their utilization in polymeric composites with improved thermal and mechanical properties. Adv. Mater. 21, 2889-2893. (doi:10.1002/adma.200900323)
Green AA, Hersam MC,. 2009 Solution phase production of graphene with controlled thickness via density differentiation. Nano Lett. 9, 4031-4036. (doi:10.1021/nl902200b)
Coleman JN, et al., 2011 Two-dimensional nanosheets produced by liquid exfoliation of layered materials. Science 331, 568-571. (doi:10.1126/science.1194975)
Castellanos-Gomez A, et al., 2014 Isolation and characterization of few-layer black phosphorus. 2D Mater. 1, 025001. (doi:10.1088/2053-1583/1/2/025001)
Backes C, et al., 2014 Edge and confinement effects allow in situ measurement of size and thickness of liquid-exfoliated nanosheets. Nat. Commun. 5, 4576. (doi:10.1038/ncomms5576)
O'Neill A, Khan U, Coleman JN,. 2012 Preparation of high concentration dispersions of exfoliated MoS 2 with increased flake size. Chem. Mater. 24, 2414-2421. (doi:10.1021/cm301515z)
Lu W, et al., 2014 Plasma-assisted fabrication of monolayer phosphorene and its Raman characterization. Nano Res. 7, 853-859. (doi:10.1007/s12274-014-0446-7)
Lin S, Chui Y, Li Y, Lau SP,. 2017 Liquid-phase exfoliation of black phosphorus and its applications. FlatChem 2, 15-37. (doi:10.1016/j.flatc.2017.03.001)
Yang J, Xu R, Pei J, Myint YW, Wang F, Wang Z, Zhang S, Yu Z, Lu Y,. 2014. Unambiguous identification of monolayer phosphorene by phase-shifting interferometry. arXiv:1412.6701 [cond-mat].
Kaur H, Yadav S, Srivastava AK, Singh N, Schneider JJ, Sinha OP, Agrawal VV, Srivastava R,. 2016 Large area fabrication of semiconducting phosphorene by Langmuir-Blodgett assembly. Sci. Rep. 6, 34095. (doi:10.1038/srep34095)
Robinson JT, Tabakman SM, Liang Y, Wang H, Sanchez Casalongue H, Vinh D, Dai H,. 2011 Ultrasmall reduced graphene oxide with high near-infrared absorbance for photothermal therapy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 6825-6831. (doi:10.1021/ja2010175)
Urbach F,. 1953 The long-wavelength edge of photographic sensitivity and of the electronic absorption of solids. Phys. Rev. 92, 1324. (doi:10.1103/PhysRev.92.1324)
Wang V, Kawazoe Y, Geng WT,. 2015 Native point defects in few-layer phosphorene. Phys. Rev. B 91, 045433. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.91.045433)
Li L, Yu Y, Ye GJ, Ge Q, Ou X, Wu H, Feng D, Chen XH, Zhang Y,. 2014 Black phosphorus field-effect transistors. Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 372-377. (doi:10.1038/nnano.2014.35)
Moutaouakil AE, Komori T, Horiike K, Suemitsu T, Otsuji T,. 2010 Room temperature intense terahertz emission from a dual grating gate plasmon-resonant emitter using InAlAs/InGaAs/InP material systems. IEICE Trans. Electronics E93.C, 1286-1289. (doi:10.1587/transele.E93.C.1286)
Moutaouakil AE, Suemitsu T, Otsuji T, Coquillat D, Knap W,. 2012 Nonresonant detection of terahertz radiation in high-electron-mobility transistor structure using InAlAs/InGaAs/InP material systems at room temperature. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 12, 6737-6740. (doi:10.1166/jnn.2012.4575)
Moutaouakil AE, Suemitsu T, Otsuji T, Coquillat D, Knap W,. 2010 Room temperature terahertz detection in high-electron-mobility transistor structure using InAlAs/InGaAs/InP material systems. In 35th Int. Conf. on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, pp. 1-2. Rome, Italy: IEEE.
El Moutaouakil A, Suemitsu T, Otsuji T, Videlier H, Boubanga-Tombet S-A, Coquillat D, Knap W,. 2011 Device loading effect on nonresonant detection of terahertz radiation in dual grating gate plasmon-resonant structure using InGaP/InGaAs/GaAs material systems. Phys. Status Solidi (c) 8, 346-348. (doi:10.1002/pssc.201000569)
Moutaouakil AE, Kang H-C, Handa H, Fukidome H, Suemitsu T, Sano E, Suemitsu M, Otsuji T,. 2011 Room temperature logic inverter on epitaxial graphene-on-silicon device. Jpn J. Appl. Phys. 50, 070113. (doi:10.1143/JJAP.50.070113)
Hijazi A, Moutaouakil AE,. 2019 Graphene and MoS 2 structures for THz applications. In 2019 44th Int. Conf. on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz), pp. 1-2. Paris, France: IEEE.
Tajima T, Kosugi T, Song H-J, Hamada H, El Moutaouakil A, Sugiyama H, Matsuzaki H, Yaita M, Kagami O,. 2016 Terahertz MMICs and antenna-in-package technology at 300 GHz for KIOSK download system. J. Infrared Milli. Terahz Waves 37, 1213-1224. (doi:10.1007/s10762-016-0313-6)
Meziani YM, Garcia E, Velazquez E, Diez E, El Moutaouakil A, Otsuji T, Fobelets K,. 2011 Strained silicon modulation field-effect transistor as a new sensor of terahertz radiation. Semicond. Sci. Technol. 26, 105006. (doi:10.1088/0268-1242/26/10/105006)
Hamada H, et al,. 2016 20-Gbit/s ASK wireless system in 300-GHz-band and front-ends with InP MMICs. In 2016 URSI Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conf. (URSI AP-RASC), pp. 326-329. (doi:10.1109/URSIAP-RASC.2016.7601303)
Tiouitchi G, et al,. 2020 Data from: Efficient production of few-layer black phosphorus by liquid-phase exfoliation. Dryad Digital Repository.. (doi:10.5061/DRYAD.3FFBG79G4)