Official Feed Control Linked to the Detection of Animal Byproducts: Past, Present, and Future

[en] In the context of the expansion of the human population, availability of food, and in extension of animal feed, is a big issue. Favoring a circular economy by the valorisation of by-products is a sustainable way to be more efficient. Animal by-products are an interesting source of feed materials due to their richness in proteins of high nutritional value. Prevention and control efforts have allowed a gradual lifting of the feed ban regarding the use of animal by-products. Nevertheless, the challenge remains the development of analytical methods enabling a distinction between authorized and unauthorized feed materials. This review focuses on the historical and epidemiological context of the official control, the evaluation of current and foreseen legislation and the available methods of analysis for the detection of constituents of animal origin in feedingstuffs. It also underlines the analytical limitations of the approach and discusses some prospects of novel methods to ensure food and feed safety.

Disciplines :

Veterinary medicine & animal health

Author, co-author :

Lecrenier, Marie-Caroline

Veys, Pascal

Fumiere, Olivier

Berben, Gilbert

Saegerman, Claude ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires (DMI) > Epidémiologie et analyse des risques appl. aux sc. vétér.

Baeten, Vincent

Language :

English

Title :

Official Feed Control Linked to the Detection of Animal Byproducts: Past, Present, and Future

Publication date :

2020

Journal title :

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

ISSN :

0021-8561

eISSN :

1520-5118

Publisher :

American Chemical Society, Washington, United States - District of Columbia

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 03 September 2020

Statistics

Number of views

126 (2 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

355 (2 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

OpenAlex citations

See more details

publications

supporting

mentioning

contrasting

Smart Citations

Citing PublicationsSupportingMentioningContrasting

View Citations

See how this article has been cited at scite.ai

scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.

Bibliography

EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ); Ricci, A.; Allende, A.; Bolton, D.; Chemaly, M.; Davies, R.; Fernandez Escamez, P. S.; Girones, R.; Herman, L.; Koutsoumanis, K.; Lindqvist, R.; Nørrung, B.; Robertson, L.; Sanaa, M.; Simmons, M.; Skandamis, P.; Snary, E.; Speybroeck, N.; Kuile, B. T.; Threlfall, J.; Wahlstrom, H.; Adkin, A.; De Koeijer, A.; Ducrot, C.; Griffin, J.; Ortiz Pelaez, A.; Latronico, F.; Ru, G. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) cases born after the total feed ban. EFSA J. 2017, 15, 1-45, 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4885
De la Haba, M. J.; Garrido-Varo, A.; Guerrero-Ginel, J. E.; Pérez-Marín, D. C. Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for Predicting Amino Acids Content in Intact Processed Animal Proteins. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54, 7703-7709, 10.1021/jf061727v
European Commission Commisson regulation (EU) No 56/2013 of 16 January 2013 amending Annexes I and IV to Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down rules for the prevention, control and eradication of certain transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Off. J. Eur. Union 2013, L 21, 3-16
Fernández-Borges, N.; Marín-Moreno, A.; Konold, T.; Espinosa, J. C.; Torres, J. M. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). In Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology; Elsevier: 2017; pp 1-10.
European Commission 94/381/EC: Commission Decision of 27 June 1994 concerning certain protection measures with regard to bovine spongiform encephalopathy and the feeding of mammalian derived protein. Off. J. Eur. Communities 1994, L 172, 23-24
European Union Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 laying down rules for the prevention, control and eradication of certain transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Off. J. Eur. Union 2001, L 147, 1-40
European Commission 97/534/EC: Commission Decision of 30 July 1997 on the prohibition of the use of material presenting risks as regards transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Off. J. Eur. Communities 1997, L 216, 95-98
EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ); Ricci, A.; Allende, A.; Bolton, D.; Chemaly, M.; Davies, R.; Fernandez Escamez, P. S.; Girones, R.; Herman, L.; Koutsoumanis, K.; Lindqvist, R.; Nørrung, B.; Robertson, L.; Ru, G.; Sanaa, M.; Skandamis, P.; Snary, E.; Speybroeck, N.; Kuile, B. T.; Threlfall, J.; Wahlstrom, H.; Adkin, A.; Greiner, M.; Marchis, D.; Prado, M.; Da Silva Felicio, T.; Ortiz-Pelaez, A.; Simmons, M. Updated quantitative risk assessment (QRA) of the BSE risk posed by processed animal protein (PAP). EFSA J. 2018, 16, 1-111, 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5314
EFSA Scientific report on the European Union summary report on surveillance for the presence of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) in 2016. EFSA J. 2017, 15, 1-68, 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5069
EFSA Annual Report of the Scientific Network on BSE-TSE 2018. EFSA J. 2018, 1-13, 10.2903/sp.efsa.2018.EN-1528
Simmons, M.; Ru, G.; Casalone, C.; Iulini, B.; Cassar, C.; Seuberlich, T. Discontools: Identifying gaps in controlling bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Transboundary Emerging Dis. 2018, 65, 9, 10.1111/tbed.12671
European Union Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 October 2002 laying down health rules concerning animal by-products not intended for human consumption. Off. J. Eur. Union 2002, L 273, 1-95
European Commission Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of 21 October 2009 laying down health rules as regards animal by-products and derived products not intended for human consumption and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 (Animal by-products Regulation). Off. J. Eur. Union 2009, L 300, 1-33
European Commission Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 of 25 February 2011 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down health rules as regards animal by-products and derived products not intended for human consumption and implementing Council Directive 97/78/EC as regards certain samples and items exempt from veterinary checks at the border under that Directive Text with EEA relevance. Off. J. Eur. Union 2011, L 54, 1-254
EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Biological Hazards on a request from the European Parliament on Certain Aspects related to the Feeding of Animal Proteins to Farm Animals. EFSA J. 2007, 576, 1-41, 10.2903/j.efsa.2004.13
Gizzi, G.; van Raamsdonk, L. W. D.; Baeten, V.; Murray, I.; Berben, G.; Brambilla, G.; von Holst, C. An overview of tests for animal tissues in feeds applied in response to public health concerns regarding bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE 2003, 22, 311-331, 10.20506/rst.22.1.1399
European Commission The TSE Roadmap II. http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/biosafety/tse_bse/docs/roadmap_2_en.pdf (2014-07-28).
Veys, P.; Baeten, V. Protocol for the isolation of processed animal proteins from insects in feed and their identification by microscopy. Food Control 2018, 92, 496-504, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.05.028
European Commission Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/893 of 24 May 2017 amending Annexes I and IV to Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Annexes X, XIV and XV to Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 as regards the provisions on processed animal protein. Off. J. Eur. Union 2017, L 138, 92-116
Plouvier, B. M.; Baeten, V.; Maudoux, J. P.; Vanopdenbosch, E.; Berkvens, D.; Degand, G.; Saegerman, C. Detection of processed animal protein: European experience and perspectives. Rev. Sci. Tech Off Int. Epizoot 2012, 31, 1011-31, 10.20506/rst.31.3.2172
van Raamsdonk, L.; Pinotti, L.; Veys, P.; Bremer, M.; Hekman, W.; Kemmers, A.; Campagnoli, A.; Paltanin, C.; Crespo, C. B.; Vliege, J.; Pinckaers, V.; Jørgensen, J. S. New developments in classical microscopy; what can be expected for the official control?. Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ. 2011, 15, 15-24
European Commission Commission Regulation (EC) No 152/2009 of 27 January 2009 laying down the methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of feed. Off. J. Eur. Union 2009, L 54, 1-130
Liu, X.; Han, L.; Veys, P.; Baeten, V.; Jiang, X.; Dardenne, P. An overview of the legislation and light microscopy for detection of processed animal proteins in feeds. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011, 74, 735-743, 10.1002/jemt.20951
European Commission Commission Regulation (EU) No 51/2013 of 16 January 2013 amending Regulation (EC) No 152/2009 as regards the methods of analysis for the determination of constituents of animal origin for the official control of feed Text with EEA relevance. Off. J. Eur. Union 2013, L 20, 33-43
Veys, P.; Berben, G.; Dardenne, P.; Baeten, V. Detection and identification of animal by-products in animal feed for the control of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. In Animal Feed Contamination-Effects on Livestock and Food Safety; Fink-Gremmels, J., Ed.; Woodhead Publishing Ltd.: Cambridge, 2012; pp 104-110.
Veys, P.; Berben, G.; Baeten, V. CRL-AP Proficiency Test 2009. http://www.eurl.craw.eu/img/page/proficiency/CRL_AP_PT_2009_Final_report.pdf (2015-11-24).
European Union Reference Laboratory for Animal Proteins in feedingstuffs EURL-AP Standard Operating Procedure-DNA extraction using the "Wizard Magnetic DNA purification system for Food" kit. http://eurl.craw.eu/img/page/sops/EURL-AP%20SOP%20DNA%20extraction%20V1.1.pdf (2018-08-09).
European Union Reference Laboratory for Animal Proteins in feedingstuffs EURL-AP Standard Operating Procedure-Detection of ruminant DNA in feed using real-time PCR. http://eurl.craw.eu/img/page/sops/EURL-AP%20SOP%20Ruminant%20PCR%20V1.0.pdf (2015-10-19).
Fumière, O.; Dubois, M.; Baeten, V.; von Holst, C.; Berben, G. Effective PCR detection of animal species in highly processed animal byproducts and compound feeds. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2006, 385, 1045-54, 10.1007/s00216-006-0533-z
Fumière, O.; Veys, P.; Boix, A.; von Holst, C.; Baeten, V.; Berben, G. Methods of detection, species identification and quantification of processed animal proteins in feedingstuffs. Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ. 2009, 13, 59-70
European Union Reference Laboratory for Animal Proteins in feedingstuffs EURL-AP Standard Operating Procedure-Operational protocols for the combination of light microscopy and PCR. http://eurl.craw.eu/img/page/sops/EURL-AP%20SOP%20operational%20schemes%20V3.0.pdf (2018-08-09).
Lecrenier, M. C.; Marien, A.; Berben, G.; Fumiere, O.; Veys, P.; Baeten, V. Survey of animal by-products in feedingstuffs before the reintroduction of processed animal proteins in aquafeed. Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ. 2019, 23, 218-225
Gottlob, R. O.; DeRouchey, J. M.; Tokach, M. D.; Nelssen, J. L.; Goodband, R. D.; Dritz, S. Comparison of Whey Protein Concentrate and Spray-Dried Plasma Protein in Diets for Weanling Pigs. Professional Animal Scientist 2007, 23, 116-122, 10.15232/S1080-7446(15)30951-7
van Raamsdonk, L. W. D.; von Holst, C.; Baeten, V.; Berben, G.; Boix, A.; de Jong, J. New developments in the detection and identification of processed animal proteins in feeds. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2007, 133, 63-83, 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.08.004
Jørgensen, J. S.; Baeten, V. Detection, identification and quantification of processed animal proteins in feedingstuffs; Les éditions namuroises: Namur, 2013; p 150.
van Raamsdonk, L.; Prins, T.; Meijer, N.; Scholtens, I.; Bremer, M.; de Jong, J. Bridging legal requirements and analytical methods: a review of monitoring opportunities of animal proteins in feed. Food Addit. Contam., Part A 2019, 36, 46-73, 10.1080/19440049.2018.1543956
Murray, I.; Aucott, L. S.; Pike, I. H. Use of Discriminant Analysis on Visible and near Infrared Reflectance Spectra to Detect Adulteration of Fishmeal with Meat and Bone Meal. J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 2001, 9, 297-311, 10.1255/jnirs.315
Garrido-Varo, A.; Pérez-Marín, M. D.; Guerrero, J. E.; Gómez-Cabrera, A.; Haba, M. J. d. l.; Bautista, J.; Soldado, A.; Vicente, F.; Martínez, A.; Roza-Delgado, B. d. l.; Termes, S. Near infrared spectroscopy for enforcement of European legislation concerning the use of animal by-products in animal feeds. Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ. 2005, 9, 3-9
Baeten, V.; von Holst, C.; Garrido, A.; Vancutsem, J.; Michotte Renier, A.; Dardenne, P. Detection of banned meat and bone meal in feedstuffs by near-infrared microscopic analysis of the dense sediment fraction. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2005, 382, 149-157, 10.1007/s00216-005-3193-5
Yang, Z.; Han, L.; Fernández Pierna, J. A.; Dardenne, P.; Baeten, V. The potential of near infrared microscopy to detect, identify and quantify processed animal by-products. J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 2011, 19, 211-231, 10.1255/jnirs.935
Boix, A.; Fernández Pierna, J. A.; von Holst, C.; Baeten, V. Validation of a near infrared microscopy method for the detection of animal products in feedingstuffs: results of a collaborative study. Food Addit. Contam., Part A 2012, 29, 1872-1880, 10.1080/19440049.2012.712551
Tena, N.; Fernández Pierna, J. A.; Boix, A.; Baeten, V.; von Holst, C. Differentiation of meat and bone meal from fishmeal by near-infrared spectroscopy: Extension of scope to defatted samples. Food Control 2014, 43, 155-162, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.03.001
Abbas, O.; Fernandez Pierna, J. A.; Boix, A.; von Holst, C.; Dardenne, P.; Baeten, V. Key parameters for the development of a NIR microscopic method for the quantification of processed by-products of animal origin in compound feedingstuffs. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2010, 397, 1965-73, 10.1007/s00216-010-3706-8
De la Haba, M. J.; Pierna, J. A. F.; Fumière, O.; Garrido-Varo, A.; Guerrero, J. E.; Pérez-Marín, D. C.; Dardenne, P.; Baeten, V. Discrimination of Fish Bones from other Animal Bones in the Sedimented Fraction of Compound Feeds by near Infrared Microscopy. J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 2007, 15, 81-88, 10.1255/jnirs.688
Pierna, J. A. F.; Dardenne, P.; Baeten, V. In-house validation of a near infrared hyperspectral imaging method for detecting processed animal proteins in compound feed. J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 2010, 18, 121-133, 10.1255/jnirs.872
Riccioli, C.; Pérez-Marín, D.; Guerrero-Ginel, J. E.; Fearn, T.; Garrido-Varo, A. Detection and quantification of ruminant meal in processed animal proteins: A comparative study of near infrared spectroscopy and near infrared chemical imaging. J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. 2012, 20, 623-633, 10.1255/jnirs.1027
Pierna, J. A. F.; Baeten, V.; Renier, A. M.; Cogdill, R. P.; Dardenne, P. Combination of support vector machines (SVM) and near-infrared (NIR) imaging spectroscopy for the detection of meat and bone meal (MBM) in compound feeds. J. Chemom. 2004, 18, 341-349, 10.1002/cem.877
Mandrile, L.; Amato, G.; Marchis, D.; Martra, G.; Rossi, A. M. Species-specific detection of processed animal proteins in feed by Raman spectroscopy. Food Chem. 2017, 229, 268-275, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.089
Lecrenier, M. C.; Baeten, V.; Taira, A.; Abbas, O. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy for detecting blood meal and blood products. Talanta 2018, 189, 166-173, 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.076
Horgan, R. P.; Kenny, L. C. ‘Omic' technologies: genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Obstet Gynaecol 2011, 13, 189-195, 10.1576/toag.13.3.189.27672
von Holst, C.; Boix, A.; Baeten, V.; Vancutsem, J.; Berben, G. Determination of processed animal proteins in feed: The performance characteristics of classical microscopy and immunoassay methods. Food Addit. Contam. 2006, 23, 252-64, 10.1080/02652030500471804
Kreuz, G.; Zagon, J.; Broll, H.; Bernhardt, C.; Linke, B.; Lampen, A. Immunological detection of osteocalcin in meat and bone meal: A novel heat stable marker for the investigation of illegal feed adulteration. Food Addit. Contam., Part A 2012, 29, 716-726, 10.1080/19440049.2011.645219
Bremer, M.; Margry, R.; Vaessen, J.; Van Doremalen, A.; Van Der Palen, J.; Van Kaathoven, R.; Kemmers-Vonken, A.; Van Raamsdonk, L. Evaluation of a commercial ELISA for Detection of ruminant processed animal proteins in non-ruminant processed animal proteins. J. AOAC Int. 2013, 96, 552-559, 10.5740/jaoacint.11-556
van Raamsdonk, L.; Margry, R.; Van Kaathoven, R.; Bremer, M. Inter-laboratory validation study of two immunochemical methods for detection of processed ruminant proteins. Food Chem. 2015, 185, 333-339, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.107
Huet, A. C.; Charlier, C.; Deckers, E.; Marbaix, H.; Raes, M.; Mauro, S.; Delahaut, P.; Gillard, N. Peptidomic Approach to Developing ELISAs for the Determination of Bovine and Porcine Processed Animal Proteins in Feed for Farmed Animals. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2016, 64, 9099-9106, 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03441
Rao, Q.; Richt, J. A.; Hsieh, Y.-H. P. Immunoassay for the Detection of Animal Central Nervous Tissue in Processed Meat and Feed Products. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2016, 64, 3661-3668, 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00572
Rao, Q.; Hsieh, Y. H. Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Quantitative Detection of Bovine Blood in Heat-Processed Meat and Feed. J. Food Prot. 2008, 71, 1000-1006, 10.4315/0362-028X-71.5.1000
Ofori, J. A.; Hsieh, Y. H. Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Bovine Blood in Animal Feed. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55, 5919-5924, 10.1021/jf070034r
Hsieh, Y. H.; Ofori, J. A.; Rao, Q.; Bridgeman, C. R. Monoclonal Antibodies Specific to Thermostable Proteins in Animal Blood. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55, 6720-6725, 10.1021/jf070031e
Reece, P.; Chassaigne, H.; Collins, M.; Buckley, M.; Bremer, M.; Grundy, H. H. Proteomic analysis of meat and bone meal and animal feed. In Detection, identification and quantification of processed animal proteins in feedingstuffs; Jørgensen, J. S., Baeten, V., Eds.; Presses universitaires de Namur: Namur, 2012; pp 113-124.
Buckley, M.; Collins, M.; Thomas-Oates, J.; Wilson, J. C. Species identification by analysis of bone collagen using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2009, 23, 3843-3854, 10.1002/rcm.4316
Balizs, G.; Weise, C.; Rozycki, C.; Opialla, T.; Sawada, S.; Zagon, J.; Lampen, A. Determination of osteocalcin in meat and bone meal of bovine and porcine origin using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and high-resolution hybrid mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 2011, 693, 89-99, 10.1016/j.aca.2011.03.027
Fernandez Ocana, M.; Neubert, H.; Przyborowska, A.; Parker, R.; Bramley, P.; Halket, J.; Patel, R. BSE control: detection of gelatine-derived peptides in animal feed by mass spectrometry. Analyst 2004, 129, 111-5, 10.1039/B312593A
Lecrenier, M. C.; Marbaix, H.; Dieu, M.; Veys, P.; Saegerman, C.; Raes, M.; Baeten, V. Identification of specific bovine blood biomarkers with a non-targeted approach using HPLC ESI tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem. 2016, 213, 417-424, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.113
Marbaix, H.; Budinger, D.; Dieu, M.; Fumière, O.; Gillard, N.; Delahaut, P.; Mauro, S.; Raes, M. Identification of Proteins and Peptide Biomarkers for Detecting Banned Processed Animal Proteins (PAPs) in Meat and Bone Meal by Mass Spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2016, 64, 2405-2414, 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00064
Marchis, D.; Altomare, A.; Gili, M.; Ostorero, F.; Khadjavi, A.; Corona, C.; Ru, G.; Cappelletti, B.; Gianelli, S.; Amadeo, F.; Rumio, C.; Carini, M.; Aldini, G.; Casalone, C. LC-MS/MS Identification of Species-Specific Muscle Peptides in Processed Animal Proteins. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2017, 65, 10638-10650, 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04639
Lecrenier, M. C.; Planque, M.; Dieu, M.; Veys, P.; Saegerman, C.; Gillard, N.; Baeten, V. A mass spectrometry method for sensitive, specific and simultaneous detection of bovine blood meal, blood products and milk products in compound feed. Food Chem. 2018, 245, 981-988, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.074
Niedzwiecka, A.; Boucharef, L.; Hahn, S.; Zarske, M.; Steinhilber, A.; Poetz, O.; Zagon, J.; Seidler, T.; Braeuning, A.; Lampen, A. A novel antibody-based enrichment and mass spectrometry approach for the detection of species-specific blood peptides in feed matrices. Food Control 2019, 98, 141, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.11.036
Steinhilber, A. E.; Schmidt, F. F.; Naboulsi, W.; Planatscher, H.; Niedzwiecka, A.; Zagon, J.; Braeuning, A.; Lampen, A.; Joos, T. O.; Poetz, O. Mass Spectrometry-Based Immunoassay for the Quantification of Banned Ruminant Processed Animal Proteins in Vegetal Feeds. Anal. Chem. 2018, 90, 4135, 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00120
Steinhilber, A. E.; Schmidt, F. F.; Naboulsi, W.; Planatscher, H.; Niedzwiecka, A.; Zagon, J.; Braeuning, A.; Lampen, A.; Joos, T. O.; Poetz, O. Species Differentiation and Quantification of Processed Animal Proteins and Blood Products in Fish Feed Using an 8-Plex Mass Spectrometry-Based Immunoassay. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2018, 66, 10327-10335, 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03934
Steinhilber, A. E.; Schmidt, F. F.; Naboulsi, W.; Planatscher, H.; Niedzwiecka, A.; Zagon, J.; Braeuning, A.; Lampen, A.; Joos, T. O.; Poetz, O. Application of Mass Spectrometry-Based Immunoassays for the Species-and Tissue-Specific Quantification of Banned Processed Animal Proteins in Feeds. Anal. Chem. 2019, 91, 3902-3911, 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04652
Rasinger, J. D.; Marbaix, H.; Dieu, M.; Fumière, O.; Mauro, S.; Palmblad, M.; Raes, M.; Berntssen, M. H. G. Species and tissues specific differentiation of processed animal proteins in aquafeeds using proteomics tools. J. Proteomics 2016, 147, 125-131, 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.05.036
Grundy, H. H.; Reece, P.; Sykes, M. D.; Clough, J. A.; Audsley, N.; Stones, R. Screening method for the addition of bovine blood-based binding agents to food using liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2007, 21, 2919-2925, 10.1002/rcm.3160
Nesic, K.; Zagon, J. Insects-a promising feed and food protein source?. Meat Technol. 2019, 60, 56, 10.18485/meattech.2019.60.1.8
Veys, P.; Baeten, V.; Berben, G. Validation study on the isolation of insect PAP in feed by double sedimentation method PE/TCE and subsequent detection by light microscopy. http://eurl.craw.eu/img/page/interlaboratory/Report_insect_study_final.pdf (2019-10-23).
Ottoboni, M.; Tretola, M.; Cheli, F.; Marchis, D.; Veys, P.; Baeten, V.; Pinotti, L. Light microscopy with differential staining techniques for the characterisation and discrimination of insects versus marine arthropods processed animal proteins. Food Addit. Contam., Part A 2017, 34, 1377-1383, 10.1080/19440049.2016.1278464
van Raamsdonk, L. W. D.; van der Fels-Klerx, H. J.; de Jong, J. New feed ingredients: the insect opportunity. Food Addit. Contam., Part A 2017, 34, 1384-1397, 10.1080/19440049.2017.1306883
Debode, F.; Marien, A.; Gerard, A.; Francis, F.; Fumiere, O.; Berben, G. Development of real-time PCR tests for the detection of Tenebrio molitor in food and feed. Food Addit. Contam., Part A 2017, 34, 1421-1426, 10.1080/19440049.2017.1320811
Marien, A.; Debode, F.; Aerts, C.; Ancion, C.; Francis, F.; Berben, G. Detection of Hermetia illucens by real-time PCR. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 2018, 4, 115-122, 10.3920/JIFF2017.0069
Zagon, J.; di Rienzo, V.; Potkura, J.; Lampen, A.; Braeuning, A. A real-time PCR method for the detection of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) in feedstuff. Food Control 2018, 91, 440-448, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.04.032
Tramuta, C.; Gallina, S.; Bellio, A.; Bianchi, D. M.; Chiesa, F.; Rubiola, S.; Romano, A.; Decastelli, L. A Set of Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reactions for Genomic Detection of Nine Edible Insect Species in Foods. J. Insect Sci. 2018, 18, 3, 10.1093/jisesa/iey087
Mandrile, L.; Fusaro, I.; Amato, G.; Marchis, D.; Martra, G.; Rossi, A. M. Detection of insect's meal in compound feed by Near Infrared spectral imaging. Food Chem. 2018, 267, 240-245, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.127
Belghit, I.; Lock, E.-J.; Fumière, O.; Lecrenier, M.-C.; Renard, P.; Dieu, M.; Berntssen, M. H. G.; Palmblad, M.; Rasinger, J. D. Species-Specific Discrimination of Insect Meals for Aquafeeds by Direct Comparison of Tandem Mass Spectra. Animals 2019, 9, 222, 10.3390/ani9050222
Green, A. J. E.; Zanusso, G. Prion protein amplification techniques. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology; Pocchiari, M., Manson, J., Eds.; Elsevier: 2018; Vol. 153, pp 357-370.
Morales, R.; Duran-Aniotz, C.; Diaz-Espinoza, R.; Camacho, M. V.; Soto, C. Protein misfolding cyclic amplification of infectious prions. Nat. Protoc. 2012, 7, 1397, 10.1038/nprot.2012.067
Lacroux, C.; Comoy, E.; Moudjou, M.; Perret-Liaudet, A.; Lugan, S.; Litaise, C.; Simmons, H.; Jas-Duval, C.; Lantier, I.; Beringue, V.; Groschup, M.; Fichet, G.; Costes, P.; Streichenberger, N.; Lantier, F.; Deslys, J. P.; Vilette, D.; Andreoletti, O. Preclinical detection of variant CJD and BSE prions in blood. PLoS Pathog. 2014, 10, e1004202 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004202

Similar publications

Sorry the service is unavailable at the moment. Please try again later.