An urban mobility index for evaluating and reducing private motorized trips

Private motorized trips; Sustainable urban transportation; Urban mobility index; Urban mobility indicators; Urban transportation evaluation; Mass transportation; Sustainable development; Environmental indicators; Existing problems; International Association; Public transport; Urban designers; Urban mobility; Urban structure; Urban transportation

Abstract :

[en] Modern cities seek policies to sustain their urban mobility by reducing car externalities. To maintain sustainability, urban designers and planners should consider different social, economic, and environmental indicators. Currently, efforts are being made to evaluate the relationship between urban structure and car usage. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate private motorized trips at the macro-level. This study attempts to create a foundation for evaluating private motorized trips at the city level by introducing an urban mobility index (UMI). UMI is a measure for evaluating transportation in cities at the macro-level. This research presents urban mobility indicators that are correlated to a percentage of daily trips made through private motorized modes in order to calculate UMI. An analytical point system comparing existing cities to the best existing value is proposed in order to estimate this UMI. This research employs the International Association of Public Transport (UITP) as a database. Although this method can be utilized for cities worldwide, this research uses it to assess Hong Kong and Chicago. This method can identify existing problems and can be used to propose solutions for reducing car usage. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Disciplines :

Special economic topics (health, labor, transportation...)
Regional & inter-regional studies
Civil engineering

Author, co-author :

Moeinaddini, Mehdi ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département ArGEnCo > Transports et mobilité

Asadi-Shekari, Z.; Centre for Innovative Planning and Development (CiPD), Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, 81310, Malaysia

Zaly Shah, M.; Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, 81310, Malaysia

Language :

English

Title :

An urban mobility index for evaluating and reducing private motorized trips

Publication date :

2015

Journal title :

Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation

ISSN :

0263-2241

eISSN :

1873-412X

Publisher :

Elsevier B.V.

Volume :

Pages :

30-40

Peer reviewed :

Peer reviewed

Funders :

Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, MOHE

Available on ORBi :

since 06 August 2020

Statistics

Number of views

74 (3 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

1 (1 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

Bibliography

J.F.K. Akinbami, S.O. Fadareb, Strategies for sustainable urban and transport development in Nigeria, Transp. Policy 4 (4) (1997) 231-245.
Z. Asadi-Shekari, M. Moeinaddini, M. Zaly Shah, Non-motorised level of service: addressing challenges in pedestrian and bicycle level of service, Transport Rev. 33 (2013) 166-194.
Z. Asadi-Shekari, M. Moeinaddini, M. Zaly Shah, Disabled pedestrian level of service method for evaluating and promoting inclusive walking facilities on urban streets, J. Transport. Eng. 139 (2013) 181-192.
Z. Asadi-Shekari, M. Moeinaddini, M. Zaly Shah, A pedestrian level of service method for evaluating and promoting walking facilities on campus streets, Land Use Policy 38 (2014) 175-193.
Z. Asadi-Shekari, M. Moeinaddini, M. Zaly, Shah. A bicycle safety index for evaluating urban street facilities. Traffic, Inj. Prev. 16 (3) (2015) 283-288.
Z. Asadi-Shekari, M. Zaly Shah, Practical evaluation method for pedestrian level of service in urban streets, in: International Transport Research Conference, Penang, Malaysia, 2011.
D. Banister, The sustainable mobility paradigm, Transp. Policy 15 (2) (2008) 73-80.
A.M. Bento, M.L. Cropper, A.M. Mobarak, K. Vinha, The impact of urban spatial structure on travel demand in the United States, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 2003.
C.R. Bhat, N. Eluru, A copula-based approach to accommodate residential self-selection effects in travel behavior modeling, Transp. Res. B 43 (7) (2009) 749-765.
C.R. Bhat, S. Sen, N. Eluru, The impact of demographics, built environment attributes, vehicle characteristics, and gasoline prices on household vehicle holdings and use, Transp. Res. B 43 (1) (2009) 1-18.
R. Bhatia, Land use: a key to livable transportation, in: The 40th International Making Cities Livable Conference, London, UK, 2004.
J.A. Black, A. Paez, P.A. Suthanaya, Sustainable urban transportation: performance indicators and some analytical approaches, J. Urban Plann. Dev. 128 (4) (2002) 184-209.
M.G. Boarnet, K.S. Nesamani, C.S. Smith, Comparing the influence of land use on nonwork trip generation and vehicle distance traveled: an analysis using travel diary data, in: 83rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 2004.
R.W. Burchell, N.A. Shad, D. Listokin, H. Phillips, A. Downs, S. Seskin, J.S. Davis, T. Moore, D. Helton, M. Gall, The Costs of Sprawl - Revisited, Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation Research Board (National Research Council), Washington, D.C., 1998.
V.B.G. Campos, R.A.R. Ramos, Multi-criteria analysis procedure for sustainable mobility evaluation in urban areas, J. Adv. Transport. 43 (4) (2009) 371-390.
H. Castillo, D.E. Pitfield, ELASTIC - a methodological framework for identifying and selecting sustainable transport indicators, Transp. Res. Part D 15 (4) (2010) 179-188.
R. Cervero, Built environments and mode choice: toward a normative framework, Transport. Res. D 7 (4) (2002) 265-284.
R. Cervero, M. Duncan, Which reduces vehicle travel more: jobs-housing balance or retail-housing mixing?, J Am. Plan. Assoc. 72 (4) (2006) 475-490.
R. Cervero, K. Kockelman, Travel demand and the 3Ds: density, diversity, and design, Transport. Res. D 2 (3) (1997) 199-219.
J. Chapman, L. Frank, Integrating Travel Behavior and Urban Form Data to Address Transportation and Air Quality Problems in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, 2004.
D.G. Chatman, How density and mixed uses at the workplace affect personal commercial travel and commute mode choice, Transp. Res. Rec. 1831 (2003) 193-201.
D.G. Chatman, Deconstructing development density: quality, quantity and price effects on household non-work travel, Transport. Res. A 42 (7) (2008) 1009-1031.
R. Crane, On form versus function: will the new urbanism reduce traffic, or increase it?, J Plan. Educ. Res. 15 (2) (1996) 117-126.
R. Crane, D.G. Chatman, Traffic and sprawl: evidence from U.S. commuting, 1985-1997, in: C. Bae, H. Richardson (Eds.), Urban Sprawl in Western Europe and the United States, Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2003.
A.K. Debnath, H.C. Chin, M.M. Haque, B. Yuen, A methodological framework for benchmarking smart transport cities, Cities 37 (April) (2014) 47-56.
A.K. Debnath, M.M. Haque, H.C. Chin, B. Yuen, Sustainable urban transport: smart technology initiatives in Singapore, Transp. Res. Rec. 2243 (2011) 38-45.
DKS, Associates, Assessment of Local Models and Tools for Analyzing Smart-Growth Strategies, California Department of Transportation, 2007.
R.T. Dunphy, K. Fisher, Transportation, congestion and density: new insights, Transport. Res. Rec. 1552 (1996) 89-96.
R. Ewing, Is Los Angeles-style sprawl desirable?, J Am. Plan. Assoc. 63 (1) (1997) 107-126.
R. Ewing, R. Cervero, Travel and the built environment: a synthesis, Transp. Res. Rec. 1780 (2001) 87-114.
R. Ewing, R. Cervero, Travel and the built environment, J. Am. Plan. Assoc. 76 (3) (2010) 265-294.
R. Ewing, M. DeAnna, S. Li, Land use impacts on trip generation rates, Transp. Res. Rec. 1518 (1996) 1-7.
R. Ewing, M.J. Greenwald, M. Zhang, J. Walters, M. Feldman, R. Cervero, J. Thomas, Measuring the Impact of Urban Form and Transit Access on Mixed Use Site Trip Generation Rates - Portland Pilot Study, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 2009.
Y. Fan, The Built Environment, Activity Space, and Time Allocation: An Activity-Based Framework for Modeling the Land Use and Travel Connection, University of North Carolina, 2007.
L.D. Frank, P. Engelke, Multiple impacts of the built environment on public health: walkable places and the exposure to air pollution, Int. Regional Sci. Rev. 28 (2) (2005) 193-216.
L.D. Frank, S. Kavage, M. Greenwald, J. Chapman, M. Bradley, IPLACE3S Health and Climate Enhancements and Their Application in King County, King County HealthScape, Seattle, WA, 2009.
F. Frei, Sampling mobility index: case study in Assis - Brazil, Transp. Res. Part A 40 (9) (2006) 792-799.
R. Giffinger, C. Fertner, H. Kramar, R. Kalasek, N. Pichler-Milanovic, E. Meijers, Smart cities: ranking of european medium-sized cities, Final Report, Centre for Regional Science, Vienna UT, 2007.
M.J. Greenwald, SACSIM Modeling-Elasticity Results, Fehr & Peers Associates, Walnut Creek, CA, 2009.
H. Gudmundsson, A. Wyatt, L. Gordon, Benchmarking and sustainable transport policy: learning from the BEST network, Transport Rev. 25 (6) (2005) 669-690.
H. Haghshenas, M. Vaziri, Urban sustainable transportation indicators for global comparison, Ecol. Ind. 15 (1) (2012) 115-121.
S. Handy, Methodologies for exploring the link between urban form and travel behavior, Transport. Res. D 1 (2) (1996) 151-165.
S. Handy, P.L. Mokhtarian, Which Comes First: the Neighborhood or the Walking, University of California Transportation Center, 2005 (Access).
M.M. Haque, H.C. Chin, A.K. Debnath, Sustainable, safe, smart - three key elements of Singapore's evolving transport policies, Transp. Policy 27 (May) (2013) 20-31.
R. Hedel, C. Vance, The impact of urban form on automobile travel: disentangling causation from correlation, Transportation 34 (5) (2007) 575-588.
J. Holtzclaw, Using Residential Patterns and Transit to Decrease Auto Dependence and Costs, Natural Resources Defense Council for California Home Energy Efficiency Rating Systems, California, 1994.
J. Holtzclaw, R. Clear, H. Dittmar, D. Goldstein, P. Haas, Location efficiency: neighborhood and socioeconomic characteristics determine auto ownership and use-studies in Chicago, Los Angeles, and San Francisco, Transport. Plan. Technol. 25 (1) (2002) 1-27.
C.M. Jeon, A.A. Amekudzi, R.L. Guensler, Sustainability assessment at the transportation planning level: performance measures and indexes, Transp. Policy 25 (January) (2013) 10-21.
R. Kitamura, P.L. Mokhtarian, L. Laidet, A micro-analysis of land use and travel in five neighborhoods in San Francisco Bay Area, Transportation 24 (2) (1997) 125-158.
K.M. Kockelman, Travel behavior as a function of accessibility, land use mixing, and land use balance: evidence from the San Francisco Bay Area, Transp. Res. Rec. 1607 (1997) 116-125.
R. Kuzmyak, Estimates of Point Elasticities, Maricopa Association of Governments, Phoenix, AZ, 2009.
R. Kuzmyak, C. Baber, D. Savory, Use of a walk opportunities index to quantify local accessibility, Transp. Res. Rec. 1977 (2006) 145-153.
R.J. Kuzmyak, R.H. Pratt, TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) report 95: chapter 15 - land use and site design provides information on the relationships between land use/site design and travel behavior, TCRP's Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes Handbook Series, Transportation Research Board Washington, D.C., 2003.
T. Litman, Parking Management: Strategies, Evaluation and Planning, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 2006.
T. Litman, D. Burwell, Issues in sustainable transportation, Int. J. Global Environ. 6 (4) (2006) 331-347.
S. Meek, S. Ison, M. Enoch, Stakeholder perspectives on the current and future roles of UK bus-based Park and Ride, J. Transp. Geogr. 17 (6) (2009) 468-475.
G. Mildner, J. Strathman, M. Bianco, Parking policies and commuting behavior, Transport. Q. 51 (1) (1997) 111-125.
H.d.F. Miranda, A.N. Rodrigues da Silva, Benchmarking sustainable urban mobility: the case of Curitiba, Brazil, Transp. Policy 21 (May) (2012) 141-151.
A. Modarres, Evaluating employer-based transportation demand management programs, Transport. Res. A 27 (4) (1993) 291-297.
M. Moeinaddini, Z. Asadi-Shekari, C.R. Ismail, M. Zaly Shah, A practical method for evaluating parking area level of service, Land Use Policy 33 (May) (2013) 1-10.
M. Moeinaddini, Z. Asadi-Shekari, M. Zaly Shah, The relationship between urban street networks and the number of transport fatalities at the city level, Saf. Sci. 62 (2014) 114-120.
M. Moeinaddini, Z. Asadi-Shekari, M. Zaly Shah, Analyzing the relationship between park-and-ride facilities and private motorized trips indicators, Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 39 (5) (2014) 3481-3488.
M. Moeinaddini, Z. Asadi-Shekari, Z. Sultan, M. Zaly Shah, Analyzing the relationships between the number of deaths in road accidents and the work travel mode choice at the city level, Saf. Sci. 72 (2015) 249-254.
M. Moeinaddini, M. Zaly Shah, Regression analysis of land use and private vehicle usage in urban area, in: International Transport Research Conference, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2011.
J. Morrall, D. Bolger, The relationship between downtown parking supply and transit use, ITE J. 66 (2) (1996) 32-36.
H. Morris, Commute rates on urban trails: indicators from the 2000 census, Transp. Res. Rec. 1878 (2004) 116-121.
D. Myers, A. Kitsuse, The debate over future density of development: an interpretive review, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy Working Papers, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Cambridge, MA, 1999.
P. Naess, Residential location affects travel behavior - but how and why? The case of Copenhagen metropolitan area, Prog. Plan. 63 (1) (2005) 167-257.
J.P. Nicolas, P. Pochet, H. Poimboeuf, Toward sustainable mobility indicators: application to the Lyons conurbation, Transp. Policy 10 (3) (2003) 197-208.
E. Noel, Park-and-ride: alive, well and expanding in the United States, J. Urban Plan. Dev. 114 (1) (1988) 2-14.
G. Parkhurst, Can car-bus based interchange policies make a contribution to sustainability? ESRC Transport Studies Unit Research Paper 2001/23, University College, London, 2001.
D. Pickrell, P. Schimek, Growth in motor vehicle ownership and use: evidence from the nationwide personal transportation survey, J. Transport. Stat. 2 (1) (1999) 1-17.
A.O. Pushkar, B.J. Hollingworth, E.J. Miller, A multivariate regression model for estimating greenhouse gas emissions from alternative neighborhood designs, in: 79th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 2000.
A.N. Rodrigues da Silva, M.S. Costa, M.H. Macedo, Multiple views of sustainable urban mobility - the case of Brazil, Transp. Policy 15 (6) (2008) 350-360.
P. Schimek, Land Use, Transit and Mode Split in Boston and Toronto, ACSP/AESOP Joint International Congress, Toronto, 1996.
L.-Y. Shen, J.J. Ochoa, M.N. Shah, X. Zhang, The application of urban sustainability indicators: a comparison between various practices, Habitat Int. 35 (1) (2011) 17-29.
D. Shoup, The high cost of free parking, J. Plan. Educ. Res. 17 (1) (1997) 3-20.
L. Steg, R. Gifford, Sustainable transportation and quality of life, Transp. Geogr. 13 (1) (2005) 59-69.
X. Sun, M. Emany, R. Pendyala, C.G. Wilmot, Household travel, household characteristics, and land-use: an empirical study from the 1994 Portland travel survey, Transp. Res. Rec. 1617 (1998) 10-17.
UITP, Mobility in Cities Database, International Association of Public Transport (UITP), 2006.
E. Vaca, J.R. Kuzmyak, Traveler Response to Transportation System Changes: Chapter 13, Parking Pricing and Fees, Transit Cooperative Research Program, 2005.
R. Weinberger, M. Seaman, C. Johnson, J. Kaehny, Guaranteed Parking - Guaranteed Driving: Comparing Jackson Heights Queens and Park Slope Brooklyn Shows That a Guaranteed Parking Spot At Home Leads To More Driving To Work, University of Pennsylvania for Transportation Alternatives, 2008.
J. Weitz, Jobs-housing balance, Planning Advisory Service Reports, American Planning Association, Planning Advisory Service, Chicago, IL, 2003.
P.C. Zegras, The built environment and motor vehicle ownership and use: evidence from Santiago de Chile, in: 86th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 2007.
B. Zhou, K. Kockelman, Self-selection in home choice: use of treatment effects in evaluating relationship between built environment and travel behavior, Transp. Res. Rec. 2077 (2008) 54-61.