[en] The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) and isokinetic fatigability protocols are mainly used to evaluate the anaerobic power of athletes for whom jumping is a predominant action in their sport. Nevertheless, the testing protocol must be as close as possible to the activity pattern of the sport to be valid. Therefore, for these athletes, the test should consist of repetitions of jumps that are task-specific.
Our aim was to propose a new jumping protocol allowing for specific assessment of fatigue, to examine its absolute and relative reliability and to determine its ideal duration.
Twenty male volleyball performed fifty countermovement jumps (CMJ) at a rate of 33 jumps per minute on two occasions, with seven days recovery between each session. Jump height was computed for each CMJ using a 3D optoelectronic system, which was subsequently added to determine cumulative performance after 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 repetitions.
Reliability of the average jump height was not affected by the lengthening of the protocol and was high for all considered durations (ICC > 0.94; SEM < 5%). A decrease in performance was directly and proportionally related to the duration of the fatigability protocol.
Measuring average jump height during a protocol involving 25 CMJ at the rate of 33 jumps per minute appears to represent the best compromise between reliability, induced fatigue and physiological considerations. Moreover, until 25 repetitions, the partial sums by five repetitions can and should be used to further explore the subject's performance during the test. [fr] Le Test anaérobie de Wingate (WAnT) et les protocoles isocinétiques de résistance à la fatigue sont majoritairement utilisés lorsqu’il s’agit d’évaluer la puissance anaérobie des athlètes pour lesquels le saut est une action prédominante dans leur pratique sportive. Néanmoins, le protocole de test se doit être le plus proche possible du schéma moteur du sportif pour être valable. Par conséquent, pour ces athlètes, le test devrait être constitué de sauts répétés, qui sont spécifiques à la tâche.
Notre objectif était de proposer un nouveau protocole de sauts permettant d'évaluer spécifiquement la fatigue, d'examiner sa reproductibilité absolue et relative et d’en déterminer sa durée idéale.
Vingt volleyeurs ont effectué cinquante contre-mouvement jump (CMJ) à une cadence de 33 sauts par minute à deux reprises, avec sept jours de récupération entre chaque séance. La hauteur des sauts a été calculée pour chaque CMJ à l'aide d'un système optoélectronique 3D, subséquemment intégrée pour déterminer les performances cumulées après 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 et 50 répétitions.
La reproductibilité de la hauteur moyenne de saut n'est pas affectée par l'allongement du protocole et est élevée pour toutes les durées considérées (ICC > 0,94 ; MEB < 5%). La diminution de performance est directement proportionnelle à la durée du protocole de fatigabilité.
La mesure de la hauteur moyenne de saut pendant un protocole impliquant 25 CMJ à la fréquence de 33 sauts par minute semble représenter le meilleur compromis entre fiabilité, fatigue induite et considérations physiologiques. De plus, jusqu'à 25 répétitions, les sommes partielles par cinq répétitions peuvent être utilisées pour explorer plus avant les performances du sujet pendant le test.
Disciplines :
Human health sciences: Multidisciplinary, general & others
Author, co-author :
Paulus, Julien ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la motricité > Kinésithérapie générale et réadaptation
Croisier, Jean-Louis ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la motricité > Kinésithérapie générale et réadaptation
Kaux, Jean-François ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la motricité > Médecine physique, réadaptation et traumatologie du sport
Tubez, François ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la motricité > Département des sciences de la motricité
Meyer, David
Schwartz, Cédric ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences de la motricité > Kinésithérapie générale et réadaptation
Language :
English
Title :
Development of a new fatigability jumping protocol : Effect of the test duration on reproducibility and performance
Alternative titles :
[fr] Développement d'un nouveau protocole d’induction de fatigue à base de sauts : Effet de la durée sur la reproductibilité et la performance
Dal Pupo, J., Gheller, R.G., Dias, J.A., Rodacki, A.L., Moro, A.R., Santos, S.G., Reliability and validity of the 30-s continuous jump test for anaerobic fitness evaluation. J Sci Med Sport 17:6 (2014), 650–655.
Bishop, D., Girard, O., Mendez-Villanueva, A., Repeated-sprint ability - Part II: recommendations for training. Sports Med 41:9 (2011), 741–756.
Padulo, J., Attene, G., Ardigo, L.P., Bragazzi, N.L., Maffulli, N., Zagatto, A.M., et al. Can a Repeated Sprint Ability test help clear a previously injured soccer player for fully functional return to activity?. A pilot study. Clin J Sport Med 27:4 (2017), 361–368.
Nikolaidis, P.T., Gkoudas, K., Afonso, J., Clemente-Suarez, V.J., Knechtle, B., Kasabalis, S., et al. Who jumps the highest?. Anthropometric and physiological correlations of vertical jump in youth elite female volleyball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 57:6 (2017), 802–810.
Kasabalis, A., Douda, H., Tokmakidis, S.P., Relationship between anaerobic power and jumping of selected male volleyball players of different ages. Perceptual & Motor Skills 100:3 Pt 1 (2005), 607–614.
Nikolaidis, P.T., Ziv, G., Arnon, M., Lidor, R., Physical characteristics and physiological attributes of female volleyball players - The need for individual data. J Strength Cond Res 26:9 (2012), 2547–2557.
Smith, D.J., Roberts, D., Watson, B., Physical, physiological and performance differences between canadian national team and universiade volleyball players. J Sports Sci 10:2 (1992), 131–138.
Mendonça, L.D., Bittencourt, N.F.N., Barreto, R.A., Paiva, T.F., Porto, R.F., Silva, A.A., et al. Correlation between isokinetic profile and knee injuries in male volleyball athletes. Brit J Sports Med, 45(4), 2011, 345.
Eom, H.J., Schutz, R.W., Statistical analyses of volleyball team performance. Res Q Exerc Sport 63:1 (1992), 11–18.
Charlton, P.C., Kenneally-Dabrowski, C., Sheppard, J., Spratford, W., A simple method for quantifying jump loads in volleyball athletes. J Sci Med Sport 20:3 (2017), 241–245.
Meckel, Y., May-Rom, M., Ekshtien, A., Eisenstein, T., Nemet, D., Eliakim, A., Relationships among two repeated activity tests and aerobic fitness of volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res 29:8 (2015), 2122–2127.
Ziv, G., Lidor, R., Vertical jump in female and male volleyball players: a review of observational and experimental studies. Scand J Med Sci Sports 20:4 (2010), 556–567.
Bosco, C., Mognoni Luhtanen, Relationship between isokinetic performance and ballistic movement. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 51:3 (1983), 357–364.
Gathercole, R., Sporer, B., Stellingwerff, T., Sleivert, G., Alternative countermovement-jump analysis to quantify acute neuromuscular fatigue. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 10:1 (2015), 84–92.
Cormack, S.J., Newton, R.U., McGuigan, M.R., Doyle, T.L., Reliability of measures obtained during single and repeated countermovement jumps. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 3:2 (2008), 131–144.
Sands, W.A., McNeal, J.R., Ochi, M.T., Urbanek, T.L., Jemni, M., Stone, M.H., Comparison of the Wingate and Bosco anaerobic tests. J Strength Cond Res 18:4 (2004), 810–815.
Matic, M.S., Pazin, N.R., Mrdakovic, V.D., Jankovic, N.N., Ilic, D.B., Stefanovic, D.L.J., Optimum drop height for maximizing power output in drop jump: The effect of maximal muscle strength. J Strength Cond Res 29:12 (2015), 3300–3310.
Patterson, C., Raschner, C., Platzer, H.P., The 2.5-minute loaded repeated jump test: Evaluating anaerobic capacity in alpine ski racers with loaded countermovement jumps. J Strength Cond Res 28:9 (2014), 2611–2620.
Chaabene, H., Negra, Y., Bouguezzi, R., Capranica, L., Franchini, E., Prieske, O., et al. Tests for the assessment of sport-specific performance in olympic combat sports: A systematic review with practical recommendations. Front Physiol, 9, 2018, 386.
Schwartz, C., Denoel, V., Forthomme, B., Croisier, J.L., Bruls, O., Merging multi-camera data to reduce motion analysis instrumental errors using Kalman filters. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 18:9 (2015), 952–960.
Laffaye, G., Wagner, P.P., Tombleson, T.I., Countermovement jump height: gender and sport-specific differences in the force-time variables. J Strength Cond Res 28:4 (2014), 1096–1105.
Ortega, D.R., Rodriguez Bies, E.C., Berral de la Rosa, F.J., Analysis of the vertical ground reaction forces and temporal factors in the landing phase of a countermovement jump. J Sports Sci Med 9:2 (2010), 282–287.
Bobbert, M.F., Huijing, P.A., van Ingen Schenau, G.J., Drop jumping I. The influence of jumping technique on the biomechanics of jumping. Med Sci Sports Exerc 19:4 (1987), 332–338.
Bazett-Jones, D.M., Finch, H.W., Dugan, E.L., Comparing the effects of various whole-body vibration accelerations on counter-movement jump performance. J Sports Sci Med 7:1 (2008), 144–150.
Adsuar, J.C., Olivares, P.R., Parraca, J.A., Hernandez-Mocholi, M.A., Gusi, N., Applicability and test-retest reliability of isokinetic shoulder abduction and adduction in women fibromyalgia patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 94:3 (2013), 444–450.
Saenz, A., Avellanet, M., Hijos, E., Chaler, J., Garreta, R., Pujol, E., et al. Knee isokinetic test-retest: a multicentre knee isokinetic test-retest study of a fatigue protocol. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 46:1 (2010), 81–88.
van Kernebeek, W.G., de Schipper, A.W., Savelsbergh, G.J.P., Toussaint, H.M., Inter-rater and test–retest (between-sessions) reliability of the 4-Skills Scan for dutch elementary school children. Measurem Phys Educ Exerc Sc 22:2 (2018), 129–137.
Komi, P.V., Stretch-shortening cycle: a powerful model to study normal and fatigued muscle. J Biomech 33:10 (2000), 1197–1206.
Demura, S., Aoki, H., Yamamoto, Y., Yamaji, S., Comparison of strength values and laterality in various muscle contractions between competitive swimmers and untrained persons. Health 2:11 (2010), 1249–1254.
Bosquet, L., Maquet, D., Forthomme, B., Nowak, N., Lehance, C., Croisier, J.L., Effect of the lengthening of the protocol on the reliability of muscle fatigue indicators. Int J Sports Med 31:2 (2010), 82–88.
Bosco, C., Luhtanen, P.V., Komi, A simple method for measurement of mechanical power in jumping. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 50:2 (1983), 273–282.
Gastin, P.B., Energy system interaction and relative contribution during maximal exercise. Sports Med 31:10 (2001), 725–741.
Green, S., Measurement of anaerobic work capacities in humans. Sports Med 19:1 (1995), 32–42.
Coppin, E., Heath, E.M., Bressel, E., Wagner, D.R., Wingate anaerobic test reference values for male power athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 7:3 (2012), 232–236.
Zupan, M.F., Arata, A.W., Dawson, L.H., Wile, A.L., Payn, T.L., Hannon, M.E., Wingate Anaerobic Test peak power and anaerobic capacity classifications for men and women intercollegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res 23:9 (2009), 2598–2604.
Barry, B.K., Enoka, R.M., The neurobiology of muscle fatigue: 15 years later. Integrat Comparat Biol 47:4 (2007), 465–473.
Reiser, R.F., Maines, J.M., Eisenmann, J.C., Wilkinson, J.G., Standing and seated Wingate protocols in human cycling. A comparison of standard parameters. Europ J Appl Physiol 88:1 (2002), 152–157.
