Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract :
[en] We have obtained a very deep exposure (813 ks) of ζ Puppis (O4 supergiant) with the Chandra HETG Spectrometer. Here we report on analysis of the 1-9 Å region, especially well suited for Chandra, which has a significant contribution from continuum emission between well separated emission lines from high-ionization species. These data allow us to study the hottest plasma present through the continuum shape and emission line strengths. Assuming a power-law emission measure distribution that has a high-temperature cutoff, we find that the emission is consistent with a thermal spectrum having a maximum temperature of 12 MK as determined from the corresponding spectral cutoff. This implies an effective wind shock velocity of 900 km s[SUP]-1[/SUP], well below the wind terminal speed of 2250 km s[SUP]-1[/SUP]. For X-ray emission that forms close to the star, the speed and X-ray flux are larger than can be easily reconciled with strictly self-excited line-deshadowing-instability models, suggesting a need for a fraction of the wind to be accelerated extremely rapidly right from the base. This is not so much a dynamical instability as a nonlinear response to changing boundary conditions.
Research Center/Unit :
STAR - Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research - ULiège
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Huenemoerder, David P.; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Ignace, Richard; Department of Physics & Astronomy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
Miller, Nathan A.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54701, USA
Gayley, Kenneth G.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
Hamann, Wolf-Rainer; Institute for physics and astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
Lauer, Jennifer; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Moffat, Anthony F. J.; Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succ. centre-ville, Montréal (Qc) H3C 3J7, Canada ; Centre de Recherche en Astrophysique du Québec, Canada
Nazé, Yaël ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Groupe d'astrophysique des hautes énergies (GAPHE)
Nichols, Joy S.; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Oskinova, Lidia; Institute for physics and astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
Richardson, Noel D.; Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 3700 Willow Creek Road, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA
Waldron, Wayne; Eureka Scientific, Inc., 2452 Delmer Street, Oakland, CA 94602, USA)
Language :
English
Title :
A Deep Exposure in High Resolution X-Rays Reveals the Hottest Plasma in the ζ Puppis Wind
Publication date :
01 April 2020
Journal title :
Astrophysical Journal
ISSN :
0004-637X
eISSN :
1538-4357
Publisher :
University of Chicago Press, United States - Illinois
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