Comparison of Finite Element Formulations for the Modelling of High-Frequency Effects in Electromagnetic Coils

The accurate prediction of coupled inductive and capacitive effects in electromagnetic coils is becoming of crucial importance in
several industrial applications, either due to the increase of operating frequency or to the increase of voltage levels. In this paper
we review and compare 2D and 3D finite element formulations of electromagnetic coils able to predict both inductive and capacitive
effects, in order to design approximate 2D models whose computational complexity is compatible with current industrial design
practice.