Article (Scientific journals)
First direct detection of an exoplanet by optical interferometry. Astrometry and K-band spectroscopy of HR 8799 e
Gravity Collaboration; Lacour, S.; Nowak, M. et al.
2019In Astronomy and Astrophysics, 623, p. 11
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Keywords :
stars: individual: HR 8799; planets and satellites: atmospheres; planet-star interactions; techniques: interferometric; Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract :
[en] <BR /> Aims: To date, infrared interferometry at best achieved contrast ratios of a few times 10[SUP]-4[/SUP] on bright targets. GRAVITY, with its dual-field mode, is now capable of high contrast observations, enabling the direct observation of exoplanets. We demonstrate the technique on HR 8799, a young planetary system composed of four known giant exoplanets. <BR /> Methods: We used the GRAVITY fringe tracker to lock the fringes on the central star, and integrated off-axis on the HR 8799 e planet situated at 390 mas from the star. Data reduction included post-processing to remove the flux leaking from the central star and to extract the coherent flux of the planet. The inferred K band spectrum of the planet has a spectral resolution of 500. We also derive the astrometric position of the planet relative to the star with a precision on the order of 100 μas. <BR /> Results: The GRAVITY astrometric measurement disfavors perfectly coplanar stable orbital solutions. A small adjustment of a few degrees to the orbital inclination of HR 8799 e can resolve the tension, implying that the orbits are close to, but not strictly coplanar. The spectrum, with a signal-to-noise ratio of ≈5 per spectral channel, is compatible with a late-type L brown dwarf. Using Exo-REM synthetic spectra, we derive a temperature of 1150 ± 50 K and a surface gravity of 10[SUP]4.3 ± 0.3[/SUP] cm s[SUP]2[/SUP]. This corresponds to a radius of 1.17[SUB]-0.11[/SUB][SUP]+0.13[/SUP] R[SUB]Jup[/SUB] and a mass of 10[SUB]-4[/SUB][SUP]+7[/SUP] M[SUB]Jup[/SUB], which is an independent confirmation of mass estimates from evolutionary models. Our results demonstrate the power of interferometry for the direct detection and spectroscopic study of exoplanets at close angular separations from their stars. <P />The reduced spectrum is available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz- bin/qcat?J/A+A/623/L11">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz- bin/qcat?J/A+A/623/L11</A>.Based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, ID 60.A-9102(G).
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Gravity Collaboration;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France ; Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Lacour, S.;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France
Nowak, M.;  Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
Wang, J.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Pfuhl, O.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Eisenhauer, F.;  European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, 85748, Garching, Germany
Abuter, R.;  Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Ciências, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal ; CENTRA - Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação, IST, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
Amorim, A.;  Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal ; School of Physics, Astrophysics Group, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
Anugu, N.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Benisty, M.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Berger, J. P.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Beust, H.;  Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, 51 Ch. des Maillettes, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland
Blind, N.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Bonnefoy, M.;  European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, 85748, Garching, Germany
Bonnet, H.;  European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile
Bourget, P.;  Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
Brandner, W.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Buron, A.;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France
Collin, C.;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France
Charnay, B.;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France
Chapron, F.;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France
Clénet, Y.;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France
Coudé Du Foresto, V.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany ; Sterrewacht Leiden, Leiden University, Postbus 9513, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
de Zeeuw, P. T.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Deen, C.;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France
Dembet, R.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Dexter, J.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Duvert, G.;  1st Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937, Cologne, Germany ; Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121, Bonn, Germany
Eckart, A.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Förster Schreiber, N. M.;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France
Fédou, P.;  Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal ; European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile ; CENTRA - Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação, IST, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
Garcia, P.;  Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland ; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
Garcia Lopez, R.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Gao, F.;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France
Gendron, E.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany ; Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Le Conte Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
Genzel, R.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Gillessen, S.;  Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Ciências, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal ; CENTRA - Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação, IST, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
Gordo, P.;  Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
Greenbaum, A.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Habibi, M.;  European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile
Haubois, X.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Haußmann, F.;  Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
Henning, Th;  Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
Hippler, S.;  1st Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937, Cologne, Germany
Horrobin, M.;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France
Hubert, Z.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Jimenez Rosales, A.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Jocou, L.;  European Space Agency, Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA ; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
Kendrew, S.;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France
Kervella, P.;  European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile
Kolb, J.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Lagrange, A.-M.;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France
Lapeyrère, V.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Le Bouquin, J.-B.;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France
Léna, P.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Lippa, M.;  Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
Lenzen, R.;  STAR Institute, Université de Liège, Allée du Six Août 19c, 4000, Liège, Belgium ; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
Maire, Anne-Lise ;  STAR Institute, Université de Liège, Allée du Six Août 19c, 4000 Liège, Belgium ; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
Mollière, P.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Ott, T.;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France
Paumard, T.;  Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
Perraut, K.;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France
Perrin, G.;  Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
Pueyo, L.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Rabien, S.;  European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile
Ramírez, A.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Rau, C.;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France
Rodríguez-Coira, G.;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France
Rousset, G.;  Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70264, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico ; Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
Sanchez-Bermudez, J.;  Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
Scheithauer, S.;  European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile
Schuhler, N.;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France ; Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Straub, O.;  1st Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937, Cologne, Germany
Straubmeier, C.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Sturm, E.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Tacconi, L. J.;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France
Vincent, F.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany ; Sterrewacht Leiden, Leiden University, Postbus 9513, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
van Dishoeck, E. F.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
von Fellenberg, S.;  1st Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937, Cologne, Germany
Wank, I.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Waisberg, I.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Widmann, F.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Wieprecht, E.;  1st Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937, Cologne, Germany
Wiest, M.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
Wiezorrek, E.;  European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, 85748, Garching, Germany
Woillez, J.;  Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany ; 1st Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937, Cologne, Germany
Yazici, S.;  LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195, Meudon, France
Ziegler, D.;  European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile)
Zins, G.
More authors (79 more) Less
Language :
English
Title :
First direct detection of an exoplanet by optical interferometry. Astrometry and K-band spectroscopy of HR 8799 e
Publication date :
01 March 2019
Journal title :
Astronomy and Astrophysics
ISSN :
0004-6361
eISSN :
1432-0746
Publisher :
EDP Sciences, Les Ulis, France
Volume :
623
Pages :
L11
Peer reviewed :
Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi
Available on ORBi :
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