Article (Scientific journals)
Anosognosie: Modèles théoriques et pistes de prise en charge
Bastin, Christine; Salmon, Eric
2020In Revue de Neuropsychologie, 12 (1), p. 26-34
Peer reviewed
 

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Abstract :
[en] Anosognosia refers to the lack of knowledge, awareness or recognition of a disease or a deficit. In this paper, we review methods to measure anosognosia, the theoretical models that propose explanations about its origin and programs to improve awareness of deficits in brain-damaged patients. The presence of anosognosia can be detected by clinical assessments based on observation, by questionnaires comparing patients’ and their relatives’ evaluation of the patients’ everyday life functioning and cognition, or by measures of accuracy of patients’ prediction about performance. There are three classes of theoretical models about anosognosia: neurocognitive models suggest that cognitive deficits (notably executive and mnemonic) associated with damage to certain brain regions (in particular, the prefrontal cortex) lead to a poor apprehension of current functioning, psychological models evoke denial as a defense mechanism against the threat that deficits represent for the person, and biopsychosocial models propose that anosognosia emerges from the interaction between neuropsychologial deficits, psychological defense mechanism and social influences. Because anosognosia can prevent the patient from seeking help and complying with revalidation programs, to improve awareness of deficits is necessary to maximize the benefit of therapeutic programs. A few revalidation programs have tried to improve awareness of deficits by combining various approaches. The most common approaches are the use of feedback during the performance of an everyday life task and metacognitive training focusing on prediction of performance, self-assessement, and self-discovery of strategies to improve performance. While most programs aiming at improving anosognosia were used in single case studies, a few controlled and randomized trials have shown the efficacy of the programs that allowed patients to better detect errors during tasks and to gain autonomy in everyday life.
Disciplines :
Neurosciences & behavior
Author, co-author :
Bastin, Christine  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > CRC In vivo Imaging-Aging & Memory
Salmon, Eric  ;  Université de Liège - ULiège > Département des sciences cliniques > Neuroimagerie des troubles de la mémoire et revalid. cogn.
Language :
English
Title :
Anosognosie: Modèles théoriques et pistes de prise en charge
Alternative titles :
[en] Anosognosia: Theoretical models and rehabilitation programs
Publication date :
2020
Journal title :
Revue de Neuropsychologie
ISSN :
1155-4452
Publisher :
Association pour la Diffusion des Recherches en Sciences Cognitives de Langue Française, France
Volume :
12
Issue :
1
Pages :
26-34
Peer reviewed :
Peer reviewed
Funders :
ULiège - Université de Liège [BE]
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique [BE]
Funding text :
Université de Liège (crédit classique de la Faculté de Médecine 2019)
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since 10 January 2020

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