Geoscience for understanding habitability in the solar system and beyond

Dehant, Véronique; Airo, A; Debaille, Vincianne; Dobos, V; Gaillard, F; Gillman, C; Godderis, S; Grenfell; Höning, D; Javaux, Emmanuelle; Karatekin, O; Morbidelli, A; Noack, L; Rauer, H; Scherf, M; Spohn, T; Tackley, P; Van Hoolst, T; Wünnemann, K

doi:10.1007/s11214-019-0608-8

Request a copy

Article (Scientific journals)

Geoscience for understanding habitability in the solar system and beyond

Dehant, Véronique; Airo, A; Debaille, Vincianne et al.

2019 • In Space Science Reviews, 215, p. 42

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Permalink
https://hdl.handle.net/2268/238971

DOI
10.1007/s11214-019-0608-8

Files (1)Send to Details Statistics Bibliography Similar publications

Files

Full Text

Dehant2019_Article_GeoscienceForUnderstandingHabi.pdf

Publisher postprint (3.17 MB)

Request a copy

All documents in ORBi are protected by a user license.

Send to

RIS BibTex APA Chicago Permalink X Linkedin

Details

Research Center/Unit :

UR ASTROBIOLOGY

Disciplines :

Space science, astronomy & astrophysics

Author, co-author :

Dehant, Véronique ; Université de Liège - ULiège/ORB/UCL > Département de géologie > Département de géologie

Airo, A

Debaille, Vincianne ; Université de Liège - ULiège/ULB > Département de géologie > Département de géologie

Dobos, V

Gaillard, F; CNRS

Gillman, C; ULB

Godderis, S; VUB

Grenfell

Höning, D

Javaux, Emmanuelle ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département de géologie > Early Life Traces & Evolution-Astrobiology

More authors (9 more)

Language :

English

Title :

Geoscience for understanding habitability in the solar system and beyond

Publication date :

August 2019

Journal title :

Space Science Reviews

ISSN :

0038-6308

eISSN :

1572-9672

Publisher :

Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands

Volume :

215

Pages :

42-

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

European Projects :

FP7 - 308074 - ELITE - Early Life Traces, Evolution, and Implications for Astrobiology

Funders :

EU - European Union
EGU - European Geosciences Union
NKFIH - Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal
FWF - Austrian Science Fund
F.R.S.-FNRS - Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique
EOS - The Excellence Of Science Program
COST - European Cooperation in Science and Technology
EC - European Commission

Funding text :

The workshop (and the work behind the scientific presentations) was supported by: – European COST (Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action TD1308 “ORIGINS” (Origins and evolution of life on Earth and in the Universe), – EGU (European Geophysical Union) Galileo conferences, – EuroPlaNet (European Planetology Network) 2020 RI (Research Infrastructure) (EPN2020-RI), – German TRR 170 (TransRegio collaborative research) network, – GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00003, – Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH) grants K119993, K-115709, – The Austrian Science Fund (FWF) NFN project S11601-N16 “Pathways to Habitability: From Disks to Active Stars, Planets and Life” (related sub-projects S11604-N16, S11606-N16 and S11607-N16), – Planet TOPERS (Planets: Tracing the Transfer, Origin, Preservation, and Evolution of their ReservoirS) Belgian IAP (Inter-university Attraction Pole) PAI-IAP P7/15, – EU FP7-ERC Starting Grant ELiTE 308074: Early life Traces, Evolution, and Implications for astrobiology, – FNRS FRFC T.0029.13 ExtraOrDynHa, – ET-HOME (Evolution and Tracers of the Habitability of Mars and Earth) Belgian Excellence of Science— EoS-program, EOS 30442502.

Available on ORBi :

since 28 August 2019

Statistics

Number of views

110 (2 by ULiège)

Number of downloads

0 (0 by ULiège)

More statistics

Scopus citations^®

Scopus citations^®
without self-citations

OpenCitations

OpenAlex citations

Bibliography

O. Abramov, S.M. Wong, D.A. Kring, Differential melt scaling for oblique impacts on terrestrial planets. Icarus 218, 906–916 (2012)
M.H. Acuña, J.E.P. Connerney, P. Wasilewski, R.P. Lin, D. Mitchell, K.A. Anderson, C.W. Carlson, J. McFadden, H. Reme, C. Mazelle, D. Vignes, S.J. Bauer, P. Cloutier, N.F. Ness, Magnetic field of Mars: summary of results from the aerobraking and mapping orbits. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 23403 (2001)
F. Albarède, Volatile accretion history of the terrestrial planets and dynamic implications. Nature 461, 1227–1233 (2009)
A.C. Allwood, J.P. Grotzinger, A.H. Knoll, I.W. Burch, M.S. Anderson, M.L. Coleman, I. Kanik, Controls on development and diversity of Early Archean stromatolites. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 106(24), 9548–9555 (2009)
A.C. Allwood, I.W. Burch, J.M. Rouchy, M. Coleman, Morphological biosignatures in gypsum: diverse formation processes of Messinian (∼6.0 Ma) gypsum stromatolites. Astrobiology 13(9), 870–886 (2013)
J.C. Alt, C.J. Garrido, W.C. Shanks, A. Turchyn, J.A. Padrón-Navarta, V. López Sánchez-Vizcaíno, M.T. Gómez Pugnaire, C. Marchesi, Recycling of water, carbon, and sulfur during subduction of serpentinites: a stable isotope study of Cerro del Almirez, Spain. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 327–328, 50–60 (2012). 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.01.029
D. Andrault, M. Muñoz, G. Pesce, V. Cerantola, A. Chumakov, I. Kantor, S. Pascarelli, R. Rüffer, L. Hennet, Large oxygen excess in the primitive mantle could be the source of the Great Oxygenation Event. Geochem. Perspect. Lett. 6, 5–10 (2018). 10.7185/geochemlet.1801
L.S. Armstrong, M.M. Hirschmann, B.D. Stanley, E.G. Falksen, S.D. Jacobsen, Speciation and solubility of reduced C–O–H–N volatiles in mafic melt: implications for volcanism, atmospheric evolution, and deep volatile cycles in the terrestrial planets. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 171, 283–302 (2015)
N.T. Arndt, E.G. Nisbet, Processes on young Earth and the habitats of early life. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 40, 521–549 (2012). 10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105316
N.A. Artemieva, V.A. Ivanov, Launch of martian meteorites in oblique impacts. Icarus 171, 84–101 (2004)
S. Aulbach, V. Stagno, Evidence for a reducing Archean ambient mantle and its effects on the carbon cycle. Geology 44, 751–754 (2016). 10.1130/G38070.1
G. Avice, B. Marty, R. Burgess, A. Hofmann, P. Philippot, K. Zahnle, D. Zakharov, Evolution of atmospheric xenon and other noble gases inferred from Archean to Paleoproterozoic rocks. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 232, 82–100 (2018). 10.1016/j.gca.2018.04.018
J.L. Bada, A. Lazcano, Some like it hot, but not the first biomolecules. Science 296(5575), 1982–1983 (2002)
S. Barabash, A. Fedorov, J.J. Sauvaud, R. Lundin, C.T. Russell, Y. Futaana et al., The loss of ions from Venus through the plasma wake. Nature 450, 650–653 (2007)
A.C. Barr, Formation of exomoons: a solar system perspective. Astron. Rev. 12, 24 (2016)
A.C. Barr, V. Dobos, L.L. Kiss, Interior structures and tidal heating in the TRAPPIST-1 planets. Astron. Astrophys. 613, A37 (2018). arXiv:1712.05641
J.K. Barstow, S. Aigrain, P.G.J. Irwin, S. Kendrew, L.N. Fletcher, Telling twins apart: exo-Earths and Venuses with transit spectroscopy. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 458, 2657–2666 (2016)
E.A. Bell, P. Boehnke, T.M. Harrison, W.L. Mao, Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 112(47), 14518–14521 (2015)
B. Benneke, S. Seager, Atmospheric retrieval for super-Earths: uniquely constraining the atmospheric composition with transit spectroscopy. Astrophys. J. 753, 2 (2012)
S.V. Berdyugina, J.R. Kuhn, D.M. Harrington, T. Šantl-Temkiv, E.J. Messersmith, Remote sensing of life: polarimetric signatures of photosynthetic pigments as sensitive biomarkers. Int. J. Astrobiol. 15, 45–56 (2016)
M. Bierhaus, K. Wünnemann, D. Elbeshausen, Numerical modeling of basin-forming impacts: implications for the heat budget of planetary interiors, in 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. LPI Contribution, vol. 1659 (2012)
W.F. Bottke, D. Vokrouhlicky, D. Minton, D. Nesvorny, A. Morbidelli, R. Brasser, B. Simonson, H.F. Levison, An Archaean heavy bombardment from a destabilized extension of the asteroid belt. Nature 485, 78–81 (2012)
M. Brasier, N. McLoughlin, O. Green, D. Wacey, A fresh look at the fossil evidence for early Archaean cellular life. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, Biol. Sci. 361(1470), 887–902 (2006)
D. Breuer, B. Moore, Dynamics and thermal history of the terrestrial planers, the Moon, and Io, in Treatise on Geophysics, 2nd edn, vol. 10, ed. by T. Spohn, G. Schubert. (2015), pp. 299–348
D. Breuer, A.-C. Plesa, N. Tosi, M. Grott, Water in the martian interior—the geodynamical perspective. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 51(11), 1959–1992 (2016). 10.1111/maps.12727
J.J. Brocks, G.D. Love, R.E. Summons, A.H. Knoll, G.A. Logan, S.A. Bowden, Biomarker evidence for green and purple sulphur bacteria in a stratified Palaeoproterozoic sea. Nature 437(7060), 866 (2005)
J.J. Brocks, A.J.M. Jarrett, E. Sirantoine, F. Kenig, M. Moczydłowska, S. Porter, Early sponges and toxic protists: possible sources of cryostane, an age diagnostic biomarker antedating Sturtian Snowball Earth. Geobiology 14, 129–149 (2016)
R.D. Cadle, A comparison of volcanic with other fluxes of atmospheric trace gas constituents. Rev. Geophys. 18, 746–752 (1980)
A.G. Cameron, Origin of the atmospheres of the terrestrial planets. Icarus 56(2), 195–201 (1983)
A.G.W. Cameron, W.R. Ward, The origin of the Moon. Lunar Planet. Sci. 7, 120–122 (1976)
L.H. Campbell, S.R. Taylor, No water, no granites—no oceans, no continents. Geophys. Res. Lett. 10(11), 1061–1064 (1983)
D.E. Canfield, A.N. Glazer, P.G. Falkowski, The evolution and future of Earth’s nitrogen cycle. Science 330, 192–196 (2010)
D. Canil, Vanadium partitioning and the oxidation state of Archaean Komatiite magmas. Nature 389, 842–845 (1997)
R.M. Canup, Simulations of a late lunar-forming impact. Icarus 168(2), 433–456 (2004). 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.09.028
M.H. Carr, D/H on Mars: effects of floods, volcanism, impacts, and polar processes. Icarus 87(1), 210–227 (1990)
D. Carrera, U. Gorti, A. Johansen, M.B. Davies, Planetesimal formation by the streaming instability in a photoevaporating disk. Astrophys. J. 839, 16 (2017)
P. Cartigny, B. Marty, Nitrogen isotopes and mantle geodynamics: the emergence of life and the atmosphere-crust-mantle connection. Elements 9, 359–366 (2013)
D.C. Catling, M.W. Claire, How Earth’s atmosphere evolved to an oxic state. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 237, 1–20 (2005)
D.C. Catling, J.F. Kasting, Atmospheric Evolution on Inhabited and Lifeless Worlds (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2017)
D.C. Catling, K.J. Zahnle, C.P. McKay, Biogenic methane, hydrogen escape, and the irreversible oxidation of early Earth. Science 293(5531), 839–843 (2001)
D.C. Catling, C.R. Glein, K.J. Zahnle, C.P. McKay, Why O2 is required by complex life on habitable planets and the concept of planetary ‘Oxygenation Time’. Astrobiology 5(3), 415–438 (2005)
D.C. Catling, J. Krissansen-Totton, N.Y. Kiang, D. Crisp, T.D. Robinson, S. DasSarma, A. Rushby, A.D. Del Genio, W. Bains, S. Domagal-Goldman, Exoplanet biosignatures: a framework for their assessment. Astrobioloy 18(6), 709–738 (2018). 10.1089/ast.2017.1737
E. Chassefière, F. Leblanc, Mars atmospheric escape and evolution; interaction with the solar wind. Planet. Space Sci. 52(11), 1039–1058 (2004)
E. Chassefière, B. Langlais, Y. Quesnel, F. Leblanc, The fate of early Mars lost water: the role of serpentinization. J. Geophys. Res. 118, 1123–1134 (2013). 10.1002/jgre.20089
E.V. Chassefière, J. Lasue, B. Langlais, Y. Quesnel, Early Mars serpentinization-derived CH4 reservoirs, H2-induced warming and paleopressure evolution. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 51(11), 2234–2245 (2016). 10.1111/maps.12784
B.K. Chastain, V. Chevrier, Methane clathrate hydrates as a potential source for Martian atmospheric methane. Planet. Space Sci. 55(10), 1246–1256 (2007)
J. Checlair, K. Menou, D.S. Abbot, No snowball on habitable tidally locked planets. Astrophys. J. 845(2), 132 (2017)
R.N. Clayton, Oxygen isotopes in meteorites, in Meteorites, Comets and Planets. Treatise on Geochemistry, vol. 1, ed. by A.M. Davis (Elsevier/Pergamon, Oxford, 2005), pp. 129–142
C.S. Cockell, The origin and emergence of life under impact bombardment. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 361(1474), 1845–1856 (2006). 10.1098/rstb.2006.1908.
C. Cockell, C.S. Cockell, The interplanetary exchange of photosynthesis. Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. 38, 87–104 (2008)
C. Cockell, F. Westall, T. Spohn, Geology, life and habitability, in Treatise on Geophysics, vol. 10, 2nd edn. ed. by T. Spohn, G. Schubert. (2015), p. 473
C.S. Cockell, T. Bush, C. Bryce, S. Direito, M. Fox-Powell, J.P. Harrison, H. Lammer, H. Landenmark, J. Martin-Torres, N. Nicholson, L. Noack, J. O’Malley-James, S.J. Payler, A. Rushby, T. Samuels, P. Schwendner, M.P. Zorzano, Habitability: a review. Astrobiology 16(1), 89–117 (2016). 10.1089/ast.2015.1295
G.S. Collins, K. Wünnemann, N. Artemieva, B. Pierazzo, Numerical modelling of impact processes, in Impact Cratering, Processes and Products, ed. by G.R. Osinski, E. Pierazzo (Wiley, New York, 2013), pp. 254–268
K.C. Condie, A planet in transition: the onset of plate tectonics on earth between 3 and 2 Ga?. Geosci. Front. 9(1), 5160 (2018)
J.E.P. Connerney, M.H. Acuña, P.J. Wasilewski, G. Kletetschka, N.F. Ness, H. Rème, R.P. Lin, D.L. Mitchell, The global magnetic field of Mars and implications for crustal evolution. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 4015 (2001)
L.A. Coogan, S.E. Dosso, Alteration of ocean crust provides a strong temperature dependent feedback on the geological carbon cycle and is a primary driver of the Sr-isotopic composition of seawater. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 415, 38–46 (2015)
L.A. Coogan, K.M. Gillis, Evidence that low-temperature oceanic hydrothermal systems play an important role in the silicate-carbonate weathering cycle and long-term climate regulation. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 14(6), 1771–1886 (2013)
R. Dasgupta, K. Tsuno, Carbon contents in reduced basalts at graphite saturation: implications for the degassing of Mars, Mercury, and the Moon. J. Geophys. Res., Planets 122, 1300–1320 (2017). 10.1002/2017JE005289
A. Davaille, S.E. Smrekar, S. Tomlinson, Experimental and observational evidence for plume-induced subduction on Venus. Nat. Geosci. 10, 349–355 (2017)
S.A. Davenport, T.J. Wdowiak, D.D. Jones, P. Wdowiak, Chondritic metal toxicity as a seed stock kill mechanism in impact-caused mass extinctions. Spec. Pap., Geol. Soc. Am. 247, 71–76 (1990)
G.F. Davies, Episodic layering of the early mantle by the ‘basalt barrier’ mechanism. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 275, 382–392 (2008). 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.08.036
V. Debaille, A.D. Brandon, C. O’Neill, Q.-Z. Yin, B. Jacobsen, Early martian mantle overturn inferred from isotopic composition of Nakhlite meteorites. Nat. Geosci. 2, 548–552 (2009). 10.1038/ngeo579
V. Debaille, C. O’Neill, A.D. Brandon, P. Haenecour, Q.Z. Yin, N. Mattielli, A.H. Treiman, Stagnant-lid tectonics in early Earth revealed by 142Nd variations in late Archean rocks. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 373, 83–92 (2013)
C. Demoulin, Y. Lara, L. Cornet, C. François, A. Wilmotte, D. Baurain, E.J. Javaux, Cyanobacteria evolution: insight from the fossil record. Free Radic. Biol. Med. Special issue ‘How did life come to tolerate and thrive in an oxygenated world?’, ed. by W. Fischer, J. Valentine. (2019). 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.007
D.J. Des Marais, M.O. Harwit, K.W. Jucks, J.F. Kasting, D.N.C. Lin, J.I. Lunine, J. Schneider, S. Seager, W.A. Traub, N.J. Wool, Remote sensing of planetary properties and biosignatures on extrasolar terrestrial planets. Astrobiology 2, 153–181 (2002)
B. Dhuime, C.J. Hawkesworth, P.A. Cawood, C.D. Storey, A change in the geodynamics of continental growth 3 billion years ago. Science 355, 1334–1336 (2012)
B. Dhuime, A. Wuestefeld, C.J. Hawkesworth, Emergence of modern continental crust about 3 billion years ago. Nat. Geosci. 8, 552–555 (2015)
V. Dobos, E.L. Turner, Viscoelastic models of tidally heated exomoons. Astrophys. J. 804, 41 (2015)
V. Dobos, R. Heller, E.L. Turner, The effect of multiple heat sources on exomoon habitable zones. Astron. Astrophys. 601, 91 (2017)
M.S. Dodd, D. Papineau, T. Grenne, J.F. Slack, M. Rittner, F. Pirajno, J. O’Neil, C.T. Little, Evidence for early life in Earth’s oldest hydrothermal vent precipitates. Nature 543(7643), 60 (2017)
T.M. Donahue, New analysis of hydrogen and deuterium escape from Venus. Icarus 141(2), 226–235 (1999)
C. Dorn, J. Venturini, A. Khan, K. Heng, Y. Alibert, R. Helled, A. Rivoldini, W. Benz, A generalized Bayesian inference method for constraining the interiors of super Earths and sub-Neptunes. Astron. Astrophys. 597, A37 (2017). 10.1051/0004-6361/201628708
J. Drazkowska, Y. Alibert, B. Moore, Close-in planetesimal formation by pile-up of drifting pebbles. Astron. Astrophys. 594, A105 (2016)
J.I. Drever, The effect of land plants on weathering rates of silicate minerals. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 58(10), 2325–2332 (1994)
C. Dumoulin, G. Tobie, O. Verhoeven, P. Rosenblatt, N. Rambaux, Tidal constraints on the interior of Venus. J. Geophys. Res., Planets 122, 1338–1352 (2017)
M. Edmonds, T.M. Gerlach, Vapor segregation and loss in basaltic melts. Geology 35, 751–754 (2007)
J.L. Eigenbrode, R.E. Summons, A. Steele, C. Freissinet, M. Millan, R. Navarro-González et al., Organic matter preserved in 3-billion-year-old mudstones at Gale crater, Mars. Science 360(6393), 1096–1101 (2018)
L.T. Elkins-Tanton, S. Seager, Ranges of atmospheric mass and composition of super-Earth exoplanets. Astron. J. 685, 1237–1246 (2008)
L.T. Elkins-Tanton, E.M. Parmentier, P.C. Hess, Magma ocean fractional crystallization and cumulate overturn in terrestrial planets: implications for Mars. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 38(12), 1753–1771 (2003). 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2003.tb00013.x
G. Etiope, B. Sherwood Lollar, Abiotic methane on Earth. Rev. Geophys. 51, 276–299 (2013)
P.J. Falkowski, L.V. Godfrey, Electrons, life and the evolution of Earth’s oxygen cycle. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 363, 2705–2716 (2008)
P.J. Falkowski, R.J. Scholes, E. Boyle, J. Canadell, D. Canfield, J. Elser, N. Gruber, K. Hibbard, P. Högberg, S. Linder, F.T. Mackenzie, B. Moore III., T. Pedersen, Y. Rosenthal, S. Seitzinger, V. Smetacek, W. Steffen, The global carbon cycle: a test of our knowledge of Earth as a system. Science 290, 291–296 (2000)
J. Farquhar, H. Bao, M. Thiemans, Atmospheric influence of Earth’s earliest sulfur cycle. Science 289, 756–758 (2000)
Y.R. Fernandez, J.-Y. Li, E.S. Howell, L.M. Woodney, Asteroids and comets, in In, ed. by T. Spohn, G. Schubert. Treatise on Geophysics, vol. 10, 2nd edn. (2015), pp. 487–527
G. Feulner, C. Hallmann, H. Kienert, Snowball cooling after algal rise. Nat. Geosci. 8(9), 659 (2015)
B.J. Foley, D. Bercovici, Scaling laws for convection with temperature-dependent viscosity and grain-damage. Geophys. J. Int. 199, 580 (2014)
D. Forgan, V. Dobos, Exomoon climate models with the carbonate-silicate cycle and viscoelastic tidal heating. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 457, 1233 (2016)
K. France, The LUVOIR science and technology definition team (STDT): overview and status, in Space Telescopes and Instrumentation, vol. 9904 (2016)
C. François, V. Debaille, J.L. Paquette, D. Baudet, E.J. Javaux, The onset of plate tectonics: HP-LT metamorphism in the Paleoproterozoic of the DRCongo. Sci. Rep. 8, 15452 (2018)
J. Fritz, B. Bitsch, E. Kührt, A. Morbidelli, C. Tornow, K. Wünnemann, V.A. Fernandes, J.L. Grenfell, H. Rauer, R. Wagner, S.C. Werner, Earth-like habitats in planetary systems. Planet. Space Sci. 98, 254–267 (2014)
D.J. Frost, C.A. McCammon, The redox state of Earth’s mantle. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 36(1), 389–420 (2008)
D.J. Frost, C. Liebske, F. Langenhorst, C.A. McCammon, R.G. Trønnes, D.C. Rubie, Experimental evidence for the existence of iron-rich metal in the Earth’s lower mantle. Nature 428, 409–412 (2004)
D.J. Frost, U. Mann, Y. Asahara, D.C. Rubie, The redox state of the mantle during and just after core formation. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 366, 4315–4337 (2008). 10.1098/rsta.2008.0147.Fujii
Y. Fujii, H. Kawahara, Y. Suto, A. Taruya, S. Fukuda, T. Nakajima, E.L. Turner, Colors of a second Earth: estimating the fractional areas of ocean, land, and vegetation on Earth-like exoplanets. Astrophys. J. 715, 2 (2010)
Y. Fujii, D. Angerhausen, R. Deitrick, S. Domagal-Goldman, J.L. Grenfell, Y. Hori, S.R. Kane, E. Palle, H. Rauer, N. Siegler, K. Stapelfeldt, K.B. Stevenson, Exoplanet biosignatures: observational prospects. Astrobiology 18(6), 739–778 (2018). 10.1089/ast.2017.1733
B.J. Fulton, E.A. Petigura, A.W. Howard, H. Isaacson, G.W. Marcy, P.A. Cargile, L. Hebb, L.M. Weiss, J.A. Johnson, T.D. Morton, E. Sinukoff, I.J.M. Crossfield, L.A. Hirsch, The California-Kepler survey. III. A gap in the radius distribution of small planets. Astron. J. 154, 109 (2017). 10.3847/1538-3881/aa80eb
H. Furnes, N.R. Banerjee, K. Muehlenbachs, H. Staudigel, M. de Wit, Early life recorded in Archean pillow lavas. Science 304(5670), 578–581 (2004)
F. Gaillard, B. Scaillet, The sulfur content of volcanic gases on Mars. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 279(1–2), 34–43 (2009). 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.028
F. Gaillard, B. Scaillet, A theoretical framework for volcanic degassing chemistry in a comparative planetology perspective and implications for planetary atmospheres. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 403, 307–316 (2014). 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.07.00
F. Gaillard, B. Scaillet, N.T. Arndt, Atmospheric oxygenation caused by a change in volcanic degassing pressure. Nature 478, 229–232 (2011)
F. Gaillard, J. Michalski, G. Berger, S.M. McLenna, B. Scaillet, Geochemical reservoirs and timing of sulfur cycling on Mars. Space Sci. Rev. 174, 251–300 (2012). 10.1007/s11214-012-9947-4
F. Gaillard, B. Scaillet, M. Pichavant, G. Iacono-Marziano, The redox geodynamics linking basalts and their mantle sources through space and time. Chem. Geol. 418, 217–233 (2015). 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.07.030
J.M. García-Ruiz, E. Melero-García, S.T. Hyde, Morphogenesis of self-assembled nanocrystalline materials of barium carbonate and silica. Science 323(5912), 362–365 (2009)
S. Gebauer, J.L. Grenfell, H. Lammer, J.-P. de Vera, L. Sproß, V. Airapetian, M. Sinnhuber, H. Rauer, Atmospheric nitrogen when life evolved on Earth. Nat. Sci. Rep. (2019, submitted)
H. Genda, Y. Abe, Survival of a proto-atmosphere through the stage of giant impacts: the mechanical aspects. Icarus 164(1), 149–162 (2003)
T.V. Gerya, R.J. Stern, M. Baes, S.V. Sobolev, S.A. Whattam, Plate tectonics on the Earth triggered by plume-induced subduction initiation. Nature 527, 221–225 (2015)
C. Gillmann, P.J. Tackley, Atmosphere/mantle coupling and feedbacks on Venus. J. Geophys. Res., Planets 119(6), 1189–1217 (2014)
C. Gillmann, E. Chassefière, P. Lognonné, A consistent picture of early hydrodynamic escape of Venus atmosphere explaining present Ne and Ar isotopic ratios and low oxygen atmospheric content. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 286, 503–513 (2009). 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.07.016
C. Gillmann, G.J. Golabek, P.J. Tackley, Effect of a single large impact on the coupled atmosphere-interior evolution of Venus. Icarus 268, 295–312 (2016)
C. Gillmann, G. Golabek, P.J. Tackley, S. Raymond, The role of late Veneer impacts in the evolution of Venus, in European Planetary Science Congress, vol. 11 (2017)
M. Gillon, E. Jehin, S.M. Lederer, L. Delrez, J. De Wit, A. Burdanov, V. Van Grootel, A.J. Burgasser, A.H.M.J. Triaud, C. Opitom, B.-O. Demory, D.K. Sahu, D. Bardalez Gagliuffi, P. Magain, D. Queloz, Temperate Earth-sized planets transiting a nearby ultracool dwarf star. Nature 533(7602), 221–224 (2016). 10.1038/nature17448
M. Gillon, A.H.M.J. Triaud, B.-O. Demory, E. Jehin, E. Agol, K.M. Deck, S.M. Lederer, J. de Wit, A. Burdanov, J.G. Ingalls, E. Bolmont, J. Leconte, S.N. Raymond, F. Selsis, M. Turbet, K. Barkaoui, A. Burgasser, M.R. Burleigh, S.J. Carey, A. Chaushev, C.M. Copperwheat, L. Delrez, C.S. Fernandes, D.L. Holdsworth, E.J. Kotze, V. Van Grootel, Y. Almleaky, Z. Benkhaldoun, P. Magain, D. Queloz, Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1. Nature 542(7642), 456–460 (2017). 10.1038/nature21360
B.P. Glass, B.M. Simonson, Distal impact ejecta layers: spherules and more. Elements 8, 43–48 (2012)
S. Goderis, F. Paquay, P. Claeys, Projectile identification in terrestrial impact structures and ejecta material, in Impact Cratering: Processes and Products (2012), pp. 223–239
S. Goderis, R. Chakrabarti, V. Debaille, J. Kodolányi, Isotopes in cosmochemistry: recipe for a Solar System. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 31, 841–862 (2016)
G.J. Golabek, T. Keller, T.V. Gerya, G.Z. Zhu, P.J. Tackley, J.A.D. Connolly, Origin of the Martian dichotomy and Tharsis from a giant impact causing massive magmatism. Icarus 215, 346–357 (2011). 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.06.012
G.J. Golabek, A. Emsenhuber, M. Jutzi, E.I. Asphaug, T.V. Gerya, Coupling SPH and thermochemical models of planets: methodology and example of a Mars-sized body. Icarus 301, 235–246 (2018). 10.1016/j.icarus.2017.10.003
M. Gounelle, The asteroid-comet continuum: in search of lost primitivity. Elements 7, 29–34 (2011)
D.H. Green, W.O. Hibberson, I. Kovács, A. Rosenthal, Water and its influence on the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. Nature 467, 448–497 (2010)
J.L. Grenfell, A review of exoplanetary biosignatures. Phys. Rep. 713, 1–17 (2017)
J.L. Grenfell, S. Gebauer, M. Godolt, K. Palczynski, H. Rauer, J. Stock, P. von Paris, R. Lehmann, F. Selsis, Potential biosignatures in super-Earth atmospheres II. Photochemical responses. Astrobiology 13, 415–436 (2013)
D.S. Grewal, R. Dasgupta, C.U. Sun, K. Tsuno, G. Costin, Delivery of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur to the silicate Earth by a giant impact. Science Advances 5(3), eaau3669 (2019) 10.1126/sciadv.aau3669
D.H. Grinspoon, Implications of the high D/H ratio for the sources of water in Venus’ atmosphere. Nature 363(6428), 428 (1993)
D.H. Grinspoon, The surface and atmosphere of Venus: evolution and present state, in Towards Understanding the Climate of Venus (Springer, New York, 2013), pp. 17–22
E.G. Grosch, M. Muñoz, O. Mathon, N. McLoughlin, Earliest microbial trace fossils in Archaean pillow lavas under scrutiny: new micro-X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy, metamorphic and morphological constraints. Geol. Soc. (Lond.) Spec. Publ. 448(1), 57–70 (2017)
M. Grott, A. Morschhauser, D. Breuer, E. Hauber, Volcanic outgassing of CO2 and H2O on Mars. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 308, 391–400 (2011)
N. Gueneli, A.M. McKenna, N. Ohkouchi, C.J. Boreham, J. Beghin, E.J. Javaux, J.J. Brocks, 1.1-billion-year-old porphyrins establish a marine ecosystem dominated by bacterial primary producers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 115(30), 201803866 (2018)
H. Gunell, R. Maggiolo, H. Nilsson, G.S. Wieser, R. Slapak, J. Lindkvist, M. Hamrin, J. De Keyser, Why an intrinsic magnetic field does not protect a planet against atmospheric escape. Astron. Astrophys. 614, L3 (2018)
I. Halevy, D.T. Johnston, D.P. Schrag, Explaining the structure of the Archean mass-independent sulfur isotope record. Science 329, 204–207 (2010)
K. Hamano, Y. Abe, Atmospheric loss and supply by an impact-induced vapor cloud: its dependence on atmospheric pressure on a planet. Earth Planets Space 62(7), 599–610 (2010)
K. Hamano, H. Kawahara, Y. Abe, M. Onishi, G.L. Hashimoto, Lifetime and spectral evolution of a magma ocean with a steam atmosphere: its detectability by future direct imaging. Astrophys. J. 806, 216 (2015)
T. Hammouda, S. Keshav, Melting in the mantle in the presence of carbon: review of experiments and discussion on the origin of carbonatites. Chem. Geol. 418, 171–188 (2015). 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.05.018
B.M.S. Hansen, Formation of the terrestrial planets from a narrow annulus. Astrophys. J. 703, 1131–1140 (2009)
J.D. Haqq-Misra, S.D. Domagal-Goldman, P.J. Kasting, J.F. Kasting, A revised, hazy methane greenhouse for the Archean Earth. Astrobiology 8(6), 1127–1137 (2008)
C. Hayashi, K. Nakazawa, H. Mizuno, Earth’s melting due to the blanketing effect of the primordial dense atmosphere. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 43(1), 22–28 (1979)
R.M. Hazen, Geochemical Origins of Life. Fundamentals of Geobiology (2012), pp. 315–332
J.N. Head, H.J. Melosh, B.A. Ivanov, Martian meteorites launch: highspeed ejecta from small craters. Science 298, 1752–1756 (2002)
J.W. Head, C.I. Fassett, S.J. Kadish, D.E. Smith, M.T. Zuber, G.A. Neumann, E. Mazarico, Global distribution of large lunar craters: implications for resurfacing and impactor populations. Science 329, 1504–1507 (2010). 10.1126/science.1195050
S. Hegde, I.G. Paulino-Lima, R. Kent, L. Kaltenegger, L. Rothschild, Surface biosignatures of exo-Earths: remote detection of extraterrestrial life. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 112, 3886–3891 (2014)
R. Heller, R. Barnes, Exomoon habitability constrained by illumination and tidal heating. Astrobiology 13, 18 (2013)
R. Heller, D. Williams, D. Kipping, M.A. Limbach, E.L. Turner, R. Greenberg, T. Sasaki, É. Bolmont, O. Grasset, K. Lewis, R. Barnes, J.I. Zuluaga, Formation, habitability, and detection of extrasolar moons. Astrobiology 14, 798 (2014)
P.C. Hess, E.M. Parmentier, A model for the thermal and chemical evolution of the Moon’s interior: implications for the onset of mare volcanism. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 134(3), 501–514 (1995). 10.1016/0012-821X(95)00138-3
A.M. Hessler, D.R. Lowe, R.L. Jones, D. Bird, A lower limit for atmospheric carbon dioxide levels 3.2 billion years ago. Nature 428, 736–738 (2004)
K. Hickman-Lewis, B. Cavalazzi, F. Foucher, F. Westall, Most ancient evidence for life in the Barberton greenstone belt: microbial mats and biofabrics of the ∼3.47 Ga Middle Marker horizon. Precambrian Res. 312, 45–67 (2018)
N. Hirano, E. Takahashi, J. Yamamoto, W. Abe, S.P. Ingle, I. Kaneoka, T. Hirata, J. Ichi Kimura, T. Ishii, Y. Ogawa, S. Machida, K. Suyehiro, Volcanism in response to plate flexure. Science 313, 1426–1428 (2006)
M.M. Hirschmann, Magma ocean influence on early atmosphere mass and composition. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 341–344, 48–57 (2012). 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.06.015
M.M. Hirschmann, R. Dasgupta, The H/C ratios of Earth’s near-surface and deep reservoirs, and consequences for deep Earth volatile cycles. Chem. Geol. 262, 4–16 (2009). 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.1002.1008
E. Hoffland, T.W. Kuyper, H. Wallander, N. van Breemen, The role of fungi in weathering. Front. Ecol. Environ. 2(5), 258–264 (2004)
H.D. Holland, The Chemical Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1984)
H.D. Holland, Volcanic gases, black smokers, and the Great Oxidation Event. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 66, 3811–3826 (2002)
M. Homann, C. Heubeck, A. Airo, M.M. Tice, Morphological adaptations of 3.22 Ga-old tufted microbial mats to Archean coastal habitats (Moodies Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa). Precambrian Res. 266, 47–64 (2015)
D. Höning, T. Spohn, Continental growth and mantle hydration as intertwined feedback cycles in the thermal evolution of Earth. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 255, 27–49 (2016)
D. Höning, H. Hansen-Goos, A. Airo, T. Spohn, Biotic vs. abiotic Earth: a model for mantle hydration and continental coverage. Planet. Space Sci. 98, 5–13 (2014)
D. Höning, N. Tosi, H. Hansen-Goos, T. Spohn, Bifurcation in the growth of continental crust. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 287, 37 (2019). 10.1016/j.pepi.2019.01.001
K.R. Housen, R.M. Schmidt, K.A. Holsapple, Crater ejecta scaling laws: fundamental forms based on dimensional analysis. J. Geophys. Res., Solid Earth 88(B3), 2485–2499 (1983)
R. Hu, B.L. Ehlmann, S. Seager, Theoretical spectra of terrestrial exoplanet surfaces. Astrophys. J. 752, 1 (2012)
H. Hussmann, F. Sohl, T. Spohn, Subsurface oceans and deep interiors of medium-sized outer planet satellites and trans-Neptunian objects. Icarus 185, 258 (2006)
G. Iacono-Marziano, Y. Morizet, E. Le-Trong, F. Gaillard, New experimental data and semi-empirical parameterization of H2O-CO2 solubility in mafic melts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta (2012). 10.1016/j.gca.2012.08.035
A. Izidoro, S.N. Raymond, A. Pierens, A. Morbidelli, O.C. Winter, D. Nesvorny, The asteroid belt as a relic from a chaotic early solar system. Astrophys. J. 833, 40 (2016)
S.A. Jacobson, A. Morbidelli, S.N. Raymond, D.P. O’Brien, K.J. Walsh, D.C. Rubie, Highly siderophile elements in Earth’s mantle as a clock for the moon-forming impact. Nature 508, 84–87 (2014)
S.A. Jacobson, D.C. Rubie, J. Hernlund, A. Morbidelli, M. Nakajima, Formation, stratification, and mixing of the cores of Earth and Venus. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 474, 375–386 (2017)
E.J. Javaux, Challenges in evidencing the earliest traces of life. Nature (2019, in press)
E.J. Javaux, V. Dehant, Habitability: from stars to cells. Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 18, 383–416 (2010). 10.1007/s00159-010-0030-4
E.J. Javaux, K. Lepot, The Paleoproterozoic fossil record: implications for the evolution of the biosphere during Earth’s middle-age. Earth-Sci. Rev. 176, 68–86 (2017)
E.J. Javaux, C.P. Marshall, A. Bekker, Organic-walled microfossils in 3.2-billion-year-old shallow-marine siliciclastic deposits. Nature 463(7283), 934 (2010)
M. Javoy, E. Kaminski, F. Guyot, D. Andrault, C. Sanloup, M. Moreira, S. Labrosse, A. Jambon, P. Agrinier, A. Davaille, C. Jaupart, The chemical composition of the Earth: enstatite chondrite models. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 293, 259–268 (2010). 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.02.033
C.P. Johnstone, M. Güdel, I. Brott, T. Lüftinger, Stellar winds on the main-sequence. II. The evolution of rotation and winds. Astron. Astrophys. 577, A28 (2015a). 10.1051/0004-6361/201425301
C.P. Johnstone, M. Güdel, A. Stökl, H. Lammer, L. Tu, K.G. Kislyakova, T. Lüftinger, P. Odert, N.V. Erkaev, E.A. Dorfi, The evolution of stellar rotation and the hydrogen atmospheres of habitable-zone terrestrial planets. Astrophys. J. Lett. 815(L12), 1 (2015b)
A.P. Jones, A.T. Kearsley, C.R.L. Friend, E. Robin, A. Beard, A. Tamura, S. Trickett, P. Claeys, Are there signs of a large Palaeocene impact, preserved around disko bay, Greenland- Nuussuaq spherule beds origin by impact instead of volcanic eruption? in Large Meteorite Impacts III, ed. by K. Kenkman, F. Hörz, A. Deutsch. Geological Society of America Special Paper, vol. 384 (2005), pp. 281–298
J.-L. Josset, F. Westall, B.A. Hofmann, J. Spray, C. Cockell, S. Kempe, A.D. Griffiths, M. Cristina de Sanctis, L. Colangeli, D. Koschny, D. Pullan, K. Föllmi, E. Verrecchia, L. Diamond, M. Josset, E.J. Javaux, F. Esposito, M. Gunn, A.L. Souchon, T. Bontognali, O. Korablev, S. Erkman, G. Paar, S. Ulamec, F. Foucher, A. Verhaeghe, M. Tanevski, J. Vago, The Close-Up Imager (CLUPI) on board ESA ExoMars 2018 rover mission: science objectives, description, operations, and science validation activities. Astrobiology 17(6–7), 595–611 (2017)
P.J. Jugo, Sulfur content at sulfide saturation in oxidized magmas. Geology 37, 415–418 (2009). 10.1130/G25527A.1
M. Jutzi, K. Holsapple, K. Wünnemann, P. Michel, Modeling asteroid collisions and impact processes, in Asteroids IV, ed. by P. Michel, F.E. De Meo, W.F. Bottke (University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 2015), pp. 679–699
L. Kaltenegger, Characterizing habitable exomoons. Astrophys. J. Lett. 712, 125 (2010)
L. Kaltenegger, F. Selsis, M. Fridlund, H. Lammer, C. Beichman, W. Danchi, C. Eiroa, T. Henning, T. Herbst, A. Léger, R. Liseau, J. Lunine, F. Paresce, A. Penny, A. Quirrenbach, H. Röttgering, J. Schneider, D. Stam, G. Tinetti, G.J. White, Deciphering spectral fingerprints of habitable exoplanets. Astrobiology 10, 89–102 (2010)
Y. Kanzaki, T. Murakami, Estimates of atmospheric CO2 in the Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic from paleosols. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 159, 190–219 (2015)
S.-I. Karato, M.S. Paterson, J.D. FitzGerald, Rheology of synthetic olivine aggregates: influence of grain size and water. J. Geophys. Res. 91(B8), 8151–8176 (1986)
S.-I. Karato, A. Forte, R. Liebermann, G. Masters, L. Stixrude, in Earth’s Deep Interior: Mineral Physics and Tomography from the Atomic to the Global Scale. Geophysical Monograph Series (2013, Am. Geophys. Union, Washington). 10.1029/GM117. Print ISBN: 9781118668474. Online ISBN: 9780875909752
J.F. Kasting, Runaway and moist greenhouse atmospheres and the evolution of Earth and Venus. Icarus 74, 472–494 (1988). 10.1016/0019-1035(88)90116-9
J.F. Kasting, Bolide impacts and the oxidation state of carbon in the Earth’s early atmosphere. Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. 20(3–4), 199–231 (1990)
J.F. Kasting, Atmospheric science. How was early Earth kept warm? Science 339, 44–45 (2013a)
J.F. Kasting, What caused the rise of atmospheric O2? Chem. Geol. 362, 13–25 (2013b)
J.F. Kasting, O.B. Toon, J.B. Pollack, How climate evolved on the terrestrial planets. Sci. Am. 258, 90–97 (1988). 10.1038/scientificamerican0288-90
J.F. Kasting, D.P. Whitmire, R.T. Reynolds, Habitable zones around main sequence stars. Icarus 101, 108 (1993a)
J.F. Kasting, D.H. Eggler, S.P. Raeburn, Mantle redox evolution and the oxidation state of the Archean atmosphere. J. Geol. 101, 245–257 (1993b)
J.F. Kasting, H. Chen, R.K. Kopparapu, Stratospheric temperatures and water loss from moist greenhouse atmospheres of Earth-like planets. Astrophys. J. Lett. 813(1), L3 (2015). 10.1088/2041-8205/813/1/L3
P.B. Kelemen, C.E. Manning, Reevaluating carbon fluxes in subduction zones, what goes down, mostly comes up. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 112(30), E3997–E4006 (2015). 10.1073/pnas.1507889112
K.A. Kelley, E. Cottrell, Water and the oxidation state of subduction zone magmas. Science 325, 605–607 (2009)
J.D. Kendall, H.J. Melosh, Differentiated planetesimal impacts into a terrestrial magma ocean: fate of the iron core. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 448, 24–33 (2016)
T. Kenkmann, M.H. Poelchau, A. Deutsch, Bridging the gap III: impact cratering in nature, experiment, and modelling. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 52(7), 1281–1284 (2017). 10.1111/maps.12911
K. Kimura, R.S. Lewis, E. Anders, Distribution of gold and rhenium between nickel-iron and silicate melts: implications for the abundance of siderophile elements on the Earth and Moon. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 38, 683–701 (1974)
T. Kleine, M. Touboul, B. Bourdon, F. Nimmo, K. Mezger, H. Palme, S.B. Jacobsen, Q.-Z. Yin, A.N. Halliday, Hf-W chronology of the accretion and early evolution of asteroids and terrestrial planets. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 73, 5150–5188 (2009)
A.H. Knoll, K.D. Bergmann, J.V. Strauss, Life: the first two billion years. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 371(1707), 20150493 (2016)
C. Koeberl, Ph. Claeys, L. Hecht, I. McDonald, Geochemistry of impactites. Elements 8(1), 37–42 (2012)
O. Korablev, A. Trokhimovsky, A.V. Grigoriev, A. Shakun, Y.S. Ivanov, B. Moshkin, K. Anufreychik, D. Timonin, I. Dziuban, Y.K. Kalinnikov, F. Montmessin, Three infrared spectrometers, an atmospheric chemistry suite for the ExoMars 2016 trace gas orbiter. J. Appl. Remote Sens. 8, 1 (2014)
J. Korenaga, On the likelihood of plate tectonics on super-Earths: does size matter? Astrophys. J. Lett. 725(1), L43–L46 (2010). 10.1088/2041-8205/725/1/L43
L. Kreidberg, J.L. Bean, J.-M. Désert, B. Benneke, D. Deming, K.B. Stevenson, S. Seager, Z. Berta-Thompson, A. Seifahrt, D. Homeier, Clouds in the atmosphere of the super-Earth exoplanet GJ1214b. Nature 505, 69–72 (2014)
J. Krissansen-Totton, D.C. Catling, Constraining climate sensitivity and continental versus seafloor weathering using an inverse geological carbon cycle model. Nat. Commun. (2017). 10.1038/NCOMMS15423
J. Krissansen-Totton, S. Olson, D.C. Catling, Disequilibrium biosignatures over Earth history and implications for detecting exoplanet life. Sci. Adv. 4(1), eaao5747 (2018). 10.1126/sciadv.aao5747
L.R. Kump, M.E. Barley, Increased subaerial volcanism and the rise of atmospheric oxygen 2.5 billion years ago. Nature 448, 1033–1036 (2007)
L.R. Kump, S.L. Brantley, M.A. Arthur, Chemical weathering, atmospheric CO2, and climate. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 28, 611–667 (2000)
M. Lambrechts, A. Johansen, Rapid growth of gas-giant cores by pebble accretion. Astron. Astrophys. 544, A32 (2012)
H. Lammer, H.I.M. Lichtenegger, H.K. Biernat, N.V. Erkaev, I.L. Arshukova, C. Kolb, H. Gunell, A. Lukyanov, M. Holmstrom, S. Barabash, T.L. Zhang, W. Baumjohann, Loss of hydrogen and oxygen from the upper atmosphere of Venus. Planet. Space Sci. 54, 1445–1456 (2006)
H. Lammer, J.H. Bredehöft, A. Coustenis, M.L. Khodachenko, L. Kaltenegger, O. Grasset, D. Prieur, F. Raulin, P. Ehrenfreund, M. Yamauchi, J.-E. Wahlund, J.-M. Griessmeier, G. Stangl, C.S. Cockell, Y.N. Kulikov, J.L. Grenfell, H. Rauer, What makes a planet habitable? Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 17(2), 181–249 (2009). 10.1007/s00159-009-0019-z
H. Lammer, K.G. Kislyakova, P. Odert, M. Leitzinger, R. Schwarz, R. Pilat-Lohinger, Y.N. Kulikov, M.L. Khodachenko, M. Güdel, A. Hanslmeier, Pathways to Earth-like atmospheres. Extreme ultraviolet (EUV)-powered escape of hydrogen-rich protoatmospheres. Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. 41, 503–511 (2011)
H. Lammer, A. Stökl, N.V. Erkaev, E.A. Dorfi, P. Odert, M. Güdel, Yu.N. Kulikov, K.G. Kislyakova, M. Leitzinger, Origin and loss of nebula-captured hydrogen envelopes from ‘sub’- to ‘super-Earths’ in the habitable zone of Sun-like stars. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 439(4), 3225–3238 (2014). 10.1093/mnras/stu085
H. Lammer, A.L. Zerkle, S. Gebauer, N. Tosi, L. Noack, M. Scherf, E. Pilat-Lohinger, M. Güdel, J.L. Grenfell, M. Godolt, A. Nikolaou, Origin and evolution of the atmospheres of early Venus, Earth, and Mars. Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 76(1), 77 (2018)
H. Lammer, L. Sproß, J.L. Grenfell, M. Scherf, L. Fossati, M. Lendl, P.E. Cubillos, The role of N2 as a geo-biosignature for the detection and characterization of Earth-like habitats. Astrobiology 19(7), 927–950 (2019). 10.1089/ast.2018.1914
C.H. Langmuir, W. Broecker, How to Build a Habitable Planet (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2012)
J. Lasue, Y. Quesnel, B. Langlais, E. Chassefière, Methane storage capacity of the early Martian cryosphere. Icarus 260, 205–214 (2015)
C-T.A. Lee, P. Luffi, V. Le Roux, R. Dasgupta, F. Albarede, W.P. Leeman, The redox state of arc mantle using Zn/Fe systematics. Nature 468, 681–685 (2010)
A.M. Lenardic, A. Jellinek, L.-N. Moresi, A climate induced transition in the tectonic style of a terrestrial planet. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 271(1–4), 34–42 (2008)
T.M. Lenton, Testing Gaia: the effect of life on Earth’s habitability and regulation. Clim. Change 52, 409–422 (2002)
K. Lepot, P. Compère, E. Gérard, Z. Namsaraev, E. Verleyen, I. Tavernier, D.A. Hodgson, W. Vyverman, B. Gilbert, A. Wilmotte, E.J. Javaux, Organic and mineral imprints in fossil photosynthetic mats of an East Antarctic lake. Geobiology 12(5), 424–450 (2014). 10.1111/gbi.12096
Y. Li, R. Dasgupta, K. Tsuno, The effects of sulfur, silicon, water, and oxygen fugacity on carbon solubility and partitioning in Fe-rich alloy and silicate melt systems at 3 GPa and 1600 ∘C: Implications for core-mantle differentiation and degassing of magma oceans and reduced planetary mantles. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 415, 54–66 (2015a). 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.01.017
Y. Li, R. Huang, M. Wiedenbeck, H. Kepplera, Nitrogen distribution between aqueous fluids and silicate melts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 411, 218–228 (2015b)
Y. Li, R. Dasgupta, K. Tsuno, Carbon contents in reduced basalts at graphite saturation: implications for the degassing of Mars, Mercury, and the Moon. J. Geophys. Res., Planets 122, 1300–1320 (2017). 10.1002/2017JE005289
G. Libourel, B. Marty, F. Humbert, Nitrogen solubility in basaltic melt; Part I, effect of oxygen fugacity. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67, 4123–4135 (2003)
H.I.M. Lichtenegger, H. Lammer, J.-M. Grießmeier, Y.N. Kulikov, P. von Paris, W. Hausleitner, S. Krauss, H. Rauer, Aeronomical evidence for higher CO2 levels during Earth’s Hadean epoch. Icarus 210(1), 1–7 (2010). 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.06.042
R.J. Lillis, D.A. Brain, S.W. Bougher, F. Leblanc, J.G. Luhmann, M.B. Jakosky et al., Characterizing atmospheric escape from Mars today and through time, with MAVEN. Space Sci. Rev. 195(1–4), 357–422 (2015)
D. Lourenço, A. Rozel, M. Ballmer, P.J. Tackley, Plutonic-squishy lid and beyond: implications of intrusive magmatism and characterization of a new global-tectonic regime on Earth-like planets, in Geophysical Research Abstracts, EGU General Assembly 2017. EGU2017-16304, vol. 19 (2017)
G.D. Love, E. Grosjean, C. Stalvies, D.A. Fike, J.P. Grotzinger, A.S. Bradley, Fossil steroids record the appearance of demospongiae during the cryogenian period. Nature 457, 718–721 (2009)
R. Luger, M. Sestovic, E. Kruse, S.L. Grimm, B.-O. Demory, E. Agol, E. Bolmont, D. Fabrycky, C.S. Fernandes, V. Van Grootel, A. Burgasser, M. Gillon, J.G. Ingalls, E. Jehin, S.N. Raymond, F. Selsis, A.H.M.J. Triaud, T. Barclay, G. Barentsen, S.B. Howell, L. Delrez, J. de Wit, D. Foreman-Mackey, D.L. Holdsworth, J. Leconte, S. Lederer, M. Turbet, Y. Almleaky, Z. Benkhaldoun, P. Magain, B.M. Morris, K. Heng, D. Queloz, A terrestrial-sized exoplanet at the snow line of TRAPPIST-1. Nat. Astron. 1(0129), 0129 (2017). 10.1038/s41550-017-0129
R. Lundin, H. Lammer, I. Ribas, Planetary magnetic fields and solar forcing: implications for atmospheric evolution. Space Sci. Rev. 129(1–3), 245–278 (2007)
J.I. Lunine, Astrobiology: A Multidisciplinary Approach (Addison-Wesley, Boston, 2005), 586 pp.
T.W. Lyons, B.C. Gill, Ancient sulfur cycling and oxygenation of the early biosphere. Elements 6, 93–99 (2010)
T.W. Lyons, C.T. Reinhard, N.J. Planavsky, The rise of oxygen in Earth’s early ocean and atmosphere. Nature 506, 307–315 (2014). 10.1038/nature13068
N. Madhusudhan, K.K.M. Lee, O. Mousis, A possible carbon-rich interior in super-Earth 55 Cancri e. Astrophys. J. Lett. 759, L40 (2012). 10.1088/2041-8205/759/2/L40
L. Manske, K. Wünnemann, M. Nakajima, Impact-induced melting by giant impact events, in 49th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, LPI Contribution (2018)
S. Marchi, R.M. Canup, R.J. Walker, Heterogeneous delivery of silicate and metal to the Earth by large planetesimals. Nat. Geosci. 11(1), 77 (2018)
E. Marcq, F.P. Mills, C.D. Parkinson, A.C. Vandaele, Composition and chemistry of the neutral atmosphere of Venus. Space Sci. Rev. 214(1), 10 (2018)
L. Margulis, J. Lovelock, Biological modification of the Earth’s atmosphere. Icarus 21, 471–489 (1974)
N. Marounina, G. Tobie, S. Carpy, J. Monteux, B. Charnay, O. Grasset, Evolution of Titan’s atmosphere during the late heavy bombardment. Icarus 257, 324–335 (2015)
H. Martin, F. Albarède, P. Claeys, M. Gargaud, B. Marty, A. Morbidelli, D.L. Pinti, Building of a habitable planet, in From Suns to Life: A Chronological Approach to the History of Life on Earth, ed. by M. Gargaud, P. Claeys, P. López-García, H. Martin, T. Montmerle, R. Pascal, J. Reisse (Springer, New York, 2006), 97–151, Chap. 4. 10.1007/s11038-006-9088-4
B. Marty, L. Zimmermann, M. Pujol, R. Burgess, P. Philippot, Nitrogen isotopic composition and density of the Archean atmosphere. Science 342(6154), 101–104 (2013). 10.1126/science.1240971
B. Marty, G. Avice, Y. Sano, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, M. Hässig, A. Morbidelli, O. Mousis, M. Rubin, Origins of volatile elements (H, C, N, noble gases) on Earth and Mars in light of recent results from the ROSETTA cometary mission. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 441, 91–102 (2016). 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.031
F. Masset, M. Snellgrove, Reversing type II migration: resonance trapping of a lighter giant protoplanet. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 320, L55–L59 (2001)
T.M. McCollom, J.S. Seewald, A reassessment of the potential for reduction of dissolved CO2 to hydrocarbons during serpentinization of olivine. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 65(21), 3769–3778 (2001)
P.J. McGovern, G. Schubert, Thermal evolution of the Earth: effects of volatile exchange between atmosphere and interior. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 96, 27–37 (1989)
S. McMahon, T. Bosak, J.P. Grotzinger, R.E. Milliken, R.E. Summons, M. Daye, S.A. Newman, A. Fraeman, K.H. Williford, D.E.G. Briggs, A field guide to finding fossils on Mars. J. Geophys. Res., Planets (2018). 10.1029/2017JE005478
V.S. Meadows, Reflections on O2 as a biosignature in exoplanetary atmospheres. Astrobiology 17, 1022–1052 (2017)
V.S. Meadows, C.T. Reinhard, G.N. Arney, M.N. Parenteau, E.W. Schwieterman, S.D. Domagal-Goldman, A.P. Lincowski, K.R. Stapelfeldt, H. Rauer, S. DasSarma, S. Hegde, N. Narita, R. Deitrick, T.W. Lyons, N. Siegler, J. Lustig-Yaeger, Exoplanet biosignatures: understanding oxygen in the context of its environment. Astrobioloy 18(6), 630–662 (2018)
H.J. Melosh, Impact Cratering: A Geologic Process. Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics, vol. 11 (Oxford University Press, New York, 1989), p. 253 p., 11
H.J. Melosh, Vapor plumes: a neglected aspect of impact cratering. Meteoritics 25, 386 (1990)
H.J. Melosh, A.M. Vickery, Impact erosion of the primordial atmosphere of Mars. Nature 338(6215), 487 (1989)
S. Mikhail, D.A. Sverjensky, Nitrogen speciation in upper mantle fluids and the origin of Earth’s nitrogen-rich atmosphere. Nat. Geosci. 7(11), 816–819 (2014)
J. Monteux, N. Coltice, F. Dubuffet, Y. Ricard, Thermo-mechanical adjustment after impacts during planetary growth. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34(24) (2007)
A. Morbidelli, A. Crida, The dynamics of Jupiter and Saturn in the gaseous protoplanetary disk. Icarus 191, 158–171 (2007)
L. Moresi, V. Solomatov, Mantle convection with a brittle lithosphere: thoughts on the global tectonic styles of the Earth and Venus. Geophys. J. Int. 133, 669 (1998)
L.M. Mukhin, M.V. Gerasimov, E.N. Safonova, Origin of precursors of organic molecules during evaporation of meteorites and mafic terrestrial rocks. Nature 340(6228), 46 (1989)
M.J. Mumma, G.L. Villanueva, R.E. Novak, T. Hewagama, B.P. Bonev, M.A. DiSanti, A.M. Mandell, M.D. Smith, Strong release of methane on Mars in Northern Summer 2003. Science 323(5917), 1041 (2009). 10.1126/science.1165243
T. Nakagawa, H. Iwamori, Long-term stability of plate-like behavior caused by hydrous mantle convection and water absorption in the deep mantle. J. Geophys. Res., Solid Earth 122, 8431–8445 (2017)
M. Nakajima, D.J. Stevenson, Investigation of the initial state of the moon-forming disk: bridging SPH simulations and hydrostatic models. Icarus 233, 259–267 (2014)
M. Nakajima, D.J. Stevenson, Melting and mixing states of the Earth’s mantle after the moon-forming impact. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 427, 286–295 (2015)
W.M. Napier, A mechanism for interstellar panspermia. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 348(1), 46–51 (2004)
W.I. Newman, E.M. Symbalisty, T.J. Ahrens, E.M. Jones, Impact erosion of planetary atmospheres: some surprising results. Icarus 138(2), 224–240 (1999)
R.W. Nicklas, I.S. Puchtel, R.D. Ash, Redox state of the Archean mantle: evidence from V partitioning in 3.5–2.4 Ga Komatiites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 222, 447–466 (2018)
F. Nimmo, D.J. Stevenson, Influence of early plate tectonics on the thermal evolution and magnetic field of Mars. J. Geophys. Res., Planets 105(E5), 11969–11979 (2000)
F. Nimmo, S.D. Hart, D.G. Korycansky, C.B. Agnor, Implications of an impact origin for the martian hemispheric dichotomy. Nature 453(7199), 1220–1223 (2008). 10.1038/nature07025
E. Nisbet, K. Zahnle, M.V. Gerasimov, J. Helbert, R. Jaumann, B.A. Hofmann, K. Benzerara, F. Westall, Creating habitable zones, at all scales, from planets to mud micro-habitats, on Earth and on Mars. Space Sci. Rev. 129(1–3), 79–121 (2007)
L. Noack, D. Breuer, T. Spohn, Coupling the atmosphere with interior dynamics: Implications for the resurfacing of Venus. Icarus 217(2), 484–498 (2012)
L. Noack, M. Godolt, P. von Paris, A.-C. Plesa, B. Stracke, D. Breuer, H. Rauer, Constraints on planetary habitability from interior modeling. PSS special issue. Planet. Evol. Life 98, 14–29 (2014). 10.1016/j.pss.2014.01.003
L. Noack, A. Rivoldini, T. Van Hoolst, Volcanism and outgassing of stagnant-lid planets: implications for the habitable zone. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 269, 40–57 (2017)
N. Noffke, K.A. Eriksson, R.M. Hazen, E.L. Simpson, A new window into early Archean life: microbial mats in Earth’s oldest siliciclastic tidal deposits (3.2 Ga Moodies Group, South Africa). Geology 34(4), 253–256 (2006)
A.P. Nutman, V.C. Bennett, C.R. Friend, M.J. Van Kranendonk, A.R. Chivas, Rapid emergence of life shown by discovery of 3,700-million-year-old microbial structures. Nature 537(7621), 535 (2016)
D.P. O’Brien, A. Morbidelli, H.F. Levison, Terrestrial planet formation with strong dynamical friction. Icarus 184, 39–58 (2006)
P. Odert et al., Escape and fractionation of volatiles and noble gases from Mars-sized planetary 175 embryos and growing protoplanets. Icarus 307, 327–346 (2018)
J.D. O’Keefe, T.J. Ahrens, Meteorite impact ejecta: dependence of mass and energy lost on planetary escape velocity. Science 198(4323), 1249–1251 (1977)
J.D. O’Keefe, T.J. Ahrens, The effect of gravity on impact crater excavation time and maximum depth; comparison with experiment, in Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, vol. 10 (1979), pp. 934–936
T. Okuchi, Hydrogen partitioning into molten iron at high pressure: implications for Earth’s core. Science 278(5344), 1781–1784 (1997). 10.1126/science.278.5344.1781
C. O’Neill, A. Lenardic, Geological consequences of super-sized Earths. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34(19), L19204 (2007). 10.1029/2007GL030598
C. O’Neill, A. Lenardic, A.M. Jellinek, W.S. Kiefer, Melt propagation and volcanism in mantle convection simulations, with applications for martian volcanic and atmospheric evolution. J. Geophys. Res., Planets 112, E07003 (2007)
C. O’Neill, S. Marchi, S. Zhang, W. Bottke, Impact-driven subduction on the Hadean Earth. Nat. Geosci. 10(10), 793 (2017)
C.W. Ormel, H.H. Klahr, The effect of gas drag on the growth of protoplanets. Analytical expressions for the accretion of small bodies in laminar disks. Astron. Astrophys. 520, A43 (2010). 10.1051/0004-6361/201014903
J.G. O’Rourke, C. Gillmann, P. Tackley, Prospects for an ancient dynamo and modern crustal remanent magnetism on Venus. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 502, 46–56 (2018)
J.E. Owen, Y. Wu, The evaporation valley in the Kepler planets. Astrophys. J. 847, 29 (2017)
C. Oze, M. Sharma, Serpentinization and the inorganic synthesis of H2 in planetary surfaces. Icarus 186(2), 557–561 (2007)
S. Padovan, N. Tosi, A.C. Plesa, T. Ruedas, Impact-induced changes in source depth and volume of magmatism on Mercury and their observational signatures. Nat. Commun. 8, 1945 (2017). 10.1038/s41467-017-01692-0
K. Pahlevan, D.J. Stevenson, Equilibration in the aftermath of the lunar-forming giant impact. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 262(3–4), 438–449 (2007). 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.07.055
M.A. Pasek, J.P. Harnmeijer, R. Buick, M. Gull, Z. Atlas, Evidence for reactive reduced phosphorus species in the early Archean ocean. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110, 10089–10094 (2013)
A.A. Pavlov, J.F. Kasting, Mass-independent fractionation of sulfur isotopes in Archean sediments: strong evidence for an anoxic Archean atmosphere. Astrobiology 2(1), 27–41 (2002)
A.A. Pavlov, J.F. Kasting, L.L. Brown, K.A. Rages, R. Freedman, Greenhouse warming by CH4 in the atmosphere of early Earth. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 11981 (2000)
E.A. Petigura, A.W. Howard, G.W. Marcy, Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110(19), 273–19278 (2013)
L.B.S. Pham, Ö. Karatekin, Scenarios of atmospheric mass evolution on Mars influenced by asteroid and comet impacts since the late Noachian. Planet. Space Sci. 125, 1–11 (2016)
L.B.S. Pham, Ö. Karatekin, V. Dehant, Effect of meteorite impacts on the atmospheric evolution of Mars. Astrobiology Early Mars 9(1), 45–54 (2009). 10.1089/ast.2008.0242 (special issue)
L.B.S. Pham, Ö. Karatekin, V. Dehant, Effects of impacts on the atmospheric evolution: comparison between Mars, Earth, and Venus. Planet. Space Sci. 59, 1087–1092 (2011)
E. Pierazzo, N. Artemieva, Local and global environmental effects of impacts on Earth. Elements 8, 55–60 (2012). 10.2113/gselements.8.1.55
E. Pierazzo, H.J. Melosh, Hydrocode modeling of oblique impacts: the fate of the projectile. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 35(1), 117–130 (2000)
E. Pierazzo, A.M. Vickery, H.J. Melosh, A reevaluation of impact melt production. Icarus 127(2), 408–423 (1997)
A. Pierens, S.N. Raymond, D. Nesvorny, A. Morbidelli, Outward migration of Jupiter and Saturn in 3:2 or 2:1 resonance in radiative disks: implications for the grand tack and nice models. Astrophys. J. Lett. 795(1), L11 (2014). 10.1088/2041-8205/795/1/L11
S. Pizzarello, Y. Huang, L. Becker, R.J. Poreda, R.A. Nieman, G. Cooper, M. Williams, The organic content of the Tagish Lake meteorite. Science 293, 2236–2239 (2001)
T. Plank, The chemical composition of subducting sediments, in Treatise on Geochemistry, vol. 4, ed. by R.L. Rudnick 2nd edn. (Elsevier/Pergamon, Oxford, 2014), pp. 607–629
J.P. Poirier, Introduction to the Physics of the Earth’s Interior, 2nd edn. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000). ISBN-13: 978-0521663922, ISBN-10: 052166392X
R.R. Rafikov, Atmospheres of protoplanetary cores: critical mass for nucleated instability. Astrophys. J. 682, 666–682 (2006)
R. Ramstad, S. Barabash, Y. Futaana, M. Yamauchi, H. Nilsson, M. Holmström, Mars under primordial solar wind conditions: Mars express observations of the strongest CME detected at Mars under solar cycle# 24 and its impact on atmospheric ion escape. Geophys. Res. Lett. 44(21), 10805–10811 (2017)
H. Rauer, S. Gebauer, P. von Paris, J. Cabrera, M. Godolt, J.L. Grenfell, A. Belu, F. Selsis, P. Hedelt, F. Schreier, Potential biosignatures in super-Earth atmospheres I. Spectral appearance of super-Earths around M dwarfs. Astron. Astrophys. 529, A8 (2011)
H. Rauer, C. Catala, C. Aerts, T. Appourchaux, W. Benz, A. Brandeker, J. Christensen-Dalsgaard, M. Deleuil, L. Gizon, M.-J. Goupil, M. Güdel, E. Janot-Pacheco, M. Mas-Hesse, I. Pagano, G. Piotto, D. Pollacco, C. Santos, A. Smith, J.-C. Suárez, R. Szabó, S. Udry, V. Adibekyan, Y. Alibert, J.-M. Almenara, P. Amaro-Seoane, M. Ammer-von Eiff, M. Asplund, E. Antonello, S. Barnes, F. Baudin, K. Belkacem, M. Bergemann, G. Bihain, A.C. Birch, X. Bonfils, I. Boisse, A.S. Bonomo, F. Borsa, I.M. Brandão, E. Brocato, S. Brun, M. Burleigh, R. Burston, J. Cabrera, S. Cassisi, W. Chaplin, S. Charpinet, C. Chiappini, R.P. Church, S. Csizmadia, M. Cunha, M. Damasso, M.B. Davies, H.J. Deeg, R.F. Díaz, S. Dreizler, C. Dreyer, P. Eggenberger, D. Ehrenreich, P. Eigmüller, A. Erikson, R. Farmer, S. Feltzing, F. de Oliveira Fialho, P. Figueira, T. Forveille, M. Fridlund, R.A. García, P. Giommi, G. Giuffrida, M. Godolt, J. Gomes da Silva, T. Granzer, J.L. Grenfell, A. Grotsch-Noels, E. Günther, C.A. Haswell, A.P. Hatzes, G. Hébrard, S. Hekker, R. Helled, K. Heng, J.M. Jenkins, A. Johansen, M.L. Khodachenko, K.G. Kislyakova, W. Kley, U. Kolb, N. Krivova, F. Kupka, H. Lammer, A.F. Lanza, Y. Lebreton, D. Magrin, P. Marcos-Arenal, P.M. Marrese, J.P. Marques, J. Martins, S. Mathis, S. Mathur, S. Messina, A. Miglio, J. Montalban, M. Montalto, M.J. Monteiro, H. Moradi, E. Moravveji, C. Mordasini, T. Morel, A. Mortier, V. Nascimbeni, R.P. Nelson, M.B. Nielsen, L. Noack, A.J. Norton, A. Ofir, M. Oshagh, R.-M. Ouazzani, P. Pápics, V.C. Parro, P. Petit, B. Plez, E. Poretti, A. Quirrenbach, R. Ragazzoni, G. Raimondo, M. Rainer, D.R. Reese, R. Redmer, S. Reffert, B. Rojas-Ayala, I.W. Roxburgh, S. Salmon, A. Santerne, J. Schneider, J. Schou, S. Schuh, H. Schunker, A. Silva-Valio, R. Silvotti, I. Skillen, I. Snellen, F. Sohl, S.G. Sousa, A. Sozzetti, D. Stello, K.G. Strassmeier, M. Svanda, G.M. Szabó, A. Tkachenko, D. Valencia, V. Van Grootel, S.D. Vauclair, P. Ventura, F.W. Wagner, N.A. Walton, J. Weingrill, S.C. Werner, P.J. Wheatley, K. Zwintz, The PLATO 2.0 mission. Exp. Astron. 38, 249–330 (2014)
S.N. Raymond, D.P. O’Brien, A. Morbidelli, N.A. Kaib, Building the terrestrial planets: constrained accretion in the inner Solar System. Icarus 203, 644–662 (2009)
S.N. Raymond, H.E. Schlichting, F. Hersant, F. Selsis, Dynamical and collisional constraints on a stochastic late veneer on the terrestrial planets. Icarus 226(1), 671–681 (2013)
J. Reisse, La longue histoire de la matière. Une complexité croissante depuis des milliards d’années (Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 2011), 320 p.
K. Righter, K.E. Neff, Temperature and oxygen fugacity constraints on CK and R chondrites and implications for water and oxidation in the early solar system. Polar Sci. 1(1), 25–44 (2007). 10.1016/j.polar.2007.04.002
J.H. Roberts, J. Arkani-Hamed, Impact heating and coupled core cooling and mantle dynamics on Mars. J. Geophys. Res., Planets 119(4), 729–744 (2014)
T.D. Robinson, K. Ennico, V.S. Meadows, W. Sparks, D.B.J. Bussey, E.W. Schwieterman, J. Breiner, Detection of ocean glint and ozone absorption using LCROSS Earth observations. Astrophys. J. 787(2), 171 (2014). 10.1088/0004-637X/787/2/171
F. Rodeler, M. López-Morales, Feasibility studies for the detection of O2 in an Earth-like exoplanet. Astrophys. J. 781, 1 (2014)
L.A. Rogers, Most 1.6 earth-radius planets are not rocky. Astrophys. J. 801(41) (2015). 10.1088/0004-637X/801/1/41
T. Rolf, M.-H. Zhu, K. Wünnemann, S.C. Werner, The role of impact bombardment history in lunar evolution. Icarus 286, 138–152 (2016)
M.T. Rosing, D.K. Bird, N.H. Sleep, W. Glassley, F. Albarede, The rise of continents—an essay on the geologic consequences of photosynthesis. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 232, 99–113 (2006)
M. Roskosz, M.A. Bouhifd, A.P. Jephcoat, B. Marty, B.O. Mysen, Nitrogen solubility in molten metal and silicate at high pressure and temperature. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 121, 15–28 (2013). 10.1016/j.gca.2013.07.007
A.B. Rozel, G.J. Golabek, C. Jain, P.J. Tackley, T. Gerya, Continental crust formation on early Earth controlled by intrusive magmatism. Nature 545, 332–335 (2017)
D.C. Rubie, S.A. Jacobson, A. Morbidelli, D.P. O’Brien, E.D. Young, J. de Vries, F. Nimmo, H. Palme, D.J. Frost, Accretion and differentiation of the terrestrial planets with implications for the compositions of early-formed Solar System bodies and accretion of water. Icarus 248, 89–108 (2015)
T. Ruedas, Globally smooth approximations for shock pressure decay in impacts. Icarus 289, 22–33 (2017). 10.1016/j.icarus.2017.02.008
T. Ruedas, D. Breuer, On the relative importance of thermal and chemical buoyancy in regular and impact-induced melting in a Mars-like planet. J. Geophys. Res., Planets 122(7), 1554–1579 (2017). 10.1002/2016JE005221
A. Salvador, H. Massol, A. Davaille, E. Marcq, P. Sarda, E. Chassefière, The relative influence of H2O and CO2 on the primitive surface conditions and evolution of rocky planets. J. Geophys. Res., Planets 122, 1458–1486 (2017)
H.E. Schlichting, S. Mukhopadhyay, Atmosphere impact losses. Space Sci. Rev. 214(1), 34 (2018)
H.E. Schlichting, R. Sari, A. Yalinewich, Atmospheric mass loss during planet formation: the importance of planetesimal impacts. Icarus 247, 81–94 (2015)
P. Schulte, L. Alegret, I. Arenillas, J.A. Arz, P.J. Barton, P.R. Bown, T.J. Bralower, G.L. Christeson, P. Claeys, C.S. Cockell, G.S. Collins, A. Deutsch, T.J. Goldin, K. Goto, J.M. Grajales-Nishimura, R.A.F. Grieve, S.P.S. Gulick, K.R. Johnson, W. Kiessling, C. Koeberl, D.A. Kring, K.G. MacLeod, T. Matsui, J. Melosh, A. Montanari, J.V. Morgan, C.R. Neal, D.J. Nichols, R.D. Norris, E. Pierazzo, G. Ravizza, M. Rebolledo-Vieyra, W.U. Reimold, E. Robin, T. Salge, R.P. Speijer, A.R. Sweet, J. Urrutia-Fucugauchi, V. Vajda, M.T. Whalen, P.S. Willumsen, The Chicxulub asteroid impact and mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Science 327, 1214–1218 (2010)
D.W. Schwartzman, T. Volk, Biotic enhancement of weathering and the habitability of Earth. Nature 340, 457–460 (1989)
E.W. Schwieterman, C.S. Cockell, V.S. Meadows, Nonphotosynthetic pigments as biosignatures. Astrobioloy 15, 341–361 (2015)
E.W. Schwieterman, V.S. Meadows, S.D. Domagal-Goldman, D. Deming, G.N. Arney, R. Luger, C.E. Harman, A. Misra, R. Barnes, Identifying planetary biosignature imposters: spectral signatures of CO an O4 resulting from abiotic O2/O3 production. Astrobioloy 819, 1 (2016)
E.W. Schwieterman, N.Y. Kiang, M.N. Parenteau, C.E. Harman, S. DasSarma, T.M. Fisher, G.N. Arney, H.E. Hartnett, C.T. Reinhard, S.L. Olson, V.S. Meadows, C.S. Cockell, S.I. Walker, J.L. Grenfell, S. Hegde, S. Rugheimer, R. Hu, T.W. Lyons, Exoplanet biosignatures: a review of remotely detectable signs of life. Astrobioloy 18(6), 663–708 (2018)
S. Seager, E.L. Turner, J. Schafer, E.B. Ford, Vegetation’s red edge: a possible spectroscopic biosignature of extraterrestrial plants. Astrobiology 5, 372–390 (2005)
A. Segura, K. Krelove, J.F. Kasting, D. Sommerlatt, V. Meadows, D. Crisp, M. Cohen, E. Mlawer, Ozone concentrations and ultraviolet fluxes on Earth-like planets around other stars. Astrobiology 3, 689–708 (2003)
J.H. Seinfeld, S.N. Pandis, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, third edition. (Wiley, New York, 2016)
F. Selsis, D. Despois, J.-P. Parisot, Signature of life on exoplanets: can Darwin produce false positive detections? Astrophys. Astrobiol. 388, 985–1003 (2002)
F. Selsis, R.D. Wordsworth, F. Forget, Thermal phase curves of nontransiting terrestrial exoplanets I. Characterizing atmospheres. Astron. Astrophys. 532, A1 (2011). 10.1051/0004-6361/201116654
B.D. Shizgal, G.G. Arkos, Nonthermal escape of the atmospheres of Venus, Earth and Mars. Rev. Geophys. 34, 483–505 (1996). 10.1029/96RG02213
V.V. Shuvalov, Atmospheric erosion induced by oblique impacts. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 44(8), 1095–1105 (2009)
V.V. Shuvalov, N.A. Artemieva, M.Y. Kuz’micheva, T.V. Losseva, V.V. Svettsov, V.M. Khazins, Crater ejecta: markers of impact catastrophes. Izv. Phys. Solid Earth 48(3), 241–255 (2012)
V.V. Shuvalov, E. Kührt, D. de Niem, K. Wünnemann, Impact induced erosion of hot and dense atmospheres. Planet. Space Sci. 98, 120–127 (2014). 10.1016/j.pss.2013.08.018
D. Sifré, E. Gardés, M. Massuyeau, L. Hashim, S. Hier-Majumder, F. Gaillard, Electrical conductivity during incipient melting in the oceanic low-velocity zone. Nature 509, 81–85 (2014)
B.M. Simonson, B.B. Glass, Spherule layersrecords of ancient impacts. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 32, 329–361 (2004)
N.H. Sleep, Martian plate tectonics. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 5639–5655 (1994)
N.H. Sleep, K. Zahnle, P.S. Neuhoff, Initiation of clement surface conditions on the early Earth. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 3666–3672 (2001). 10.1073/pnas.071045698
N.H. Sleep, D.K. Bird, E. Pope, Paleontology of Earth’s mantle. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 40, 277–300 (2012). 10.1146/annurev-earth-092611-090602
V.S. Solomatov, Why plate tectonics is rare and how it started on Earth, in Bulletin of the American Physical Society, vol. 61 (Am. Math. Soc., Providence, 2016)
V.S. Solomatov, L.N. Moresi, Stagnant lid convection on Venus. J. Geophys. Res., Planets 101(E2), 4737–4753 (1996)
S.M. Som, R. Buick, J.W. Hagadorn, T.S. Blake, J.M. Perreault, J.P. Harnmeijer, D.C. Catling, Earth’s air pressure 2.7 billion years ago constrained to less than half of modern levels. Nat. Geosci., Lett. 9, 448–451 (2016). 10.1038/ngeo2713
G. Southam, F. Westall, T. Spohn, Geology, life and habitability, in Planets and Moons Treatise on Geophysics, vol. 10, 2nd edn. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2015), pp. 473–486. ISBN 978-0-444-53803-1
T. Spohn, Editorial: special issue ‘Planetary evolution and life’. Planet. Space Sci. 98, 1–4 (2014). 10.1016/j.pss.2014.04.015
T. Spohn, G. Schubert, Oceans in the icy Galilean satellites of Jupiter. Icarus 161, 456 (2003)
V. Stagno, D.O. Ojwang, C.A. McCammon, D.J. Frost, The oxidation state of the mantle and the extraction of carbon from Earth’s interior. Nature 493, 84–88 (2013)
V. Stamenkovic, L. Noack, D. Breuer, T. Spohn, The influence of pressure-dependent viscosity on the thermal evolution of super-Earths. Astrophys. J. 748(1), 41 (2012). 10.1088/0004-637X/748/1/41
R.J. Stern, M.I. Leybourne, T. Tsujimori, Kimberlites and the start of plate tectonics. Geology 44(10), 799–802 (2016)
D.J. Stevenson, Planetary magnetic fields. Rep. Prog. Phys. 46, 555 (1983)
A. Stökl, E.A. Dorfi, C.P. Johnstone, H. Lammer, Dynamical accretion of primordial atmospheres around planets with masses between 0.1 and 5 M⊕ in the habitable zone. Astrophys. J. 825(2), 86 (2016). 10.3847/0004-637X/825/2/86
J.Y. Storme, S. Golubic, A. Wilmotte, J. Kleinteich, D. Velázquez, E.J. Javaux, Raman characterization of the UV-protective pigment gloeocapsin and its role in the survival of cyanobacteria. Astrobiology 15, 843–857 (2015)
E.E. Stüeken, R. Buick, B.M. Guy, M.C. Koehler, Isotopic evidence for biological nitrogen fixation by molybdenum-nitrogenase from 3.2 Gyr. Nature 520(7549), 666–669 (2015)
E.E. Stüeken, M.A. Kipp, M.C. Koehler, R. Buick, The evolution of Earth’s biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. Earth-Sci. Rev. 160, 220–239 (2016a). 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.07.007
E.E. Stüeken, M.A. Kipp, M.C. Koehler, E.W. Schwieterman, B. Johnson, R. Buick, Modeling pN2 through geological time: implications for planetary climates and atmospheric biosignatures. Astrobiology 16(12), 949–963 (2016b)
K. Sugitani, K. Lepot, T. Nagaoka, K. Mimura, M. Van Kranendonk, D.Z. Oehler, M.R. Walter, Biogenicity of morphologically diverse carbonaceous microstructures from the ca. 3400 Ma Strelley pool formation, in the Pilbara Craton, western Australia. Astrobiology 10(9), 899–920 (2010)
V.V. Svetsov, Atmospheric erosion and replenishment induced by impacts of cosmic bodies upon the Earth and Mars. Sol. Syst. Res. 41(1), 28–41 (2007)
J.W. Szostak, The origin of life on Earth and the design of alternative life forms. Mol. Front. J. 01(02), 121–131 (2017)
J.A. Tarduno, E.G. Blackman, E.E. Mamajek, Detecting the oldest geodynamo and attendant shielding from the solar wind: implications for habitability. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 233, 68–87 (2014)
T. Tashiro, A. Ishida, M. Hori, M. Igisu, M. Koike, P. Méjean, N. Takahata, Y. Sano, T. Komiya, Early trace of life from 3.95 Ga sedimentary rocks in Labrador, Canada. Nature 549(7673), 516 (2017)
F. Tian, Atmospheric escape from solar system terrestrial planets and exoplanets. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 43, 459–476 (2015)
F. Tian, S. Ida, Water contents of Earth-mass planets around M dwarfs. Nat. Geosci. 8(3), 177–180 (2015). 10.1038/ngeo2372
F. Tian, M. Güdel, C.P. Johnstone, H. Lammer, R. Luger, P. Odert, Water loss from young planets. Space Sci. Rev. 214(3), 65 (2018)
S.M. Tikoo, L.T. Elkins-Tanton, The fate of water within Earth and super-Earths and implications for plate tectonics. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 375, 20150394 (2017)
G. Tinetti, V.S. Meadows, D. Crisp, N.Y. Kiang, B.H. Kahn, E. Bosc, E. Fishbein, T. Velusamy, M. Turnbull, Detectability of planetary characteristics in disk-averaged spectra II: synthetic spectra and light-curves of Earth. Astrobiology 6, 881–900 (2006)
N. Tosi, M. Godolt, B. Stracke, T. Ruedas, J.L. Grenfell, D. Höning, A. Nikolaou, A.-C. Plesa, D. Breuer, T. Spohn, The habitability of a stagnant-lid Earth. Astron. Astrophys. 605, A71 (2017). 10.1051/0004-6361/201730728
L. Tu, C.P. Johnstone, M. Güdel, H. Lammer, The extreme ultraviolet and X-ray Sun in time: high-energy evolutionary tracks of a solar-like star. Astron. Astrophys. 577(L3), 577–580 (2015). 10.1051/0004-6361/201526146
M. Turbet, F. Forget, V. Svetsov, O. Popova, C. Gillmann, Ö. Karatekin, Q. Wallemacq, J.W. Head, R. Wordsworth, Catastrophic events: possible solutions to the early Mars enigma (s), in 6th Mars Atmosphere Modelling and Observation (MAMO) Workshop, vol. 4304 (2017), extended abstract
M. Turbet, E. Bolmont, J. Leconte et al., The nature of the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets. Astron. Astrophys. 612, A86 (2018). 10.1051/0004-6361/201732233
J.L. Vago, F. Westall, A.J. Coates, Pasteur Instrument Teams: R. Jaumann, O. Korablev, V. Ciarletti, I. Mitrofanov, J.-L. Josset, M.C. De Sanctis, J.-P. Bibring, F. Rull, F. Goesmann, H. Steininger, W. Goetz, W. Brinckerhoff, C. Szopa, F. Raulin, Landing Site Selection Working Group: H.G.M. Edwards, L.G. Whyte, A.G. Fairén, J.-P. Bibring, J. Bridges, E. Hauber, G.G. Ori, S. Werner, D. Loizeau, R.O. Kuzmin, R.M.E. Williams, J. Flahaut, F. Forget, J.L. Vago, D. Rodionov, O. Korablev, H. Svedhem, E. Sefton-Nash, G. Kminek, L. Lorenzoni, L. Joudrier, V. Mikhailov, A. Zashchirinskiy, S. Alexashkin, F. Calantropio, A. Merlo, P. Poulakis, O. Witasse, O. Bayle, S. Bayón, Other Contributors: U. Meierhenrich, J. Carter, J.M. García-Ruiz, P. Baglioni, A. Haldemann, A.J. Ball, A. Debus, R. Lindner, F. Haessig, D. Monteiro, R. Trautner, C. Voland, P. Rebeyre, D. Goulty, F. Didot, S. Durrant, E. Zekri, D. Koschny, A. Toni, G. Visentin, M. Zwick, M. van Winnendael, M. Azkarate, C. Carreau, Habitability on early Mars and the search for biosignatures with the ExoMars Rover. Astrobiology 17(6–7), 471–510 (2017).
D. Valencia, R.J. O’Connell, D.D. Sasselov, Inevitability of plate tectonics on super-Earths. Astrophys. J. 670(1), L45–L48 (2007). 10.1086/524012
H.J.J. van Heck, P.J. Tackley, Plate tectonics on super-earths: equally or more likely than on Earth. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 310(3), 252–261 (2011). 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.07.029
L. Van Valen, The history and stability of atmospheric oxygen. Science 171(3970), 439–443 (1971)
M.A. Van Zuilen, A. Lepland, G. Arrhenius, Reassessing the evidence for the earliest traces of life. Nature 418(6898), 627–630 (2002). 10.1038/nature00934
D. Veras, D.J. Armstrong, J.A. Blake, J.F. Gutiérrez-Marcos, A.P. Jackson, H. Schäeffer, Dynamical and biological panspermia constraints within multi-planet exosystems. Astrobiology 18(9), 1106–1122 (2018). 10.1089/ast.2017.1786
A.M. Vickery, H.J. Melosh, Atmospheric erosion and impactor retention in large impacts, with application to mass extinctions, in Global Catastrophes in Earth History, vol. 247 (1990), pp. 289–300
A.A. Vidotto, M. Jardine, C. Helling, Early UV ingress in WASP-12b: measuring planetary magnetic fields. Astrophys. J. Lett. 722, 2 (2010)
P. von Paris, P. Hedelt, F. Selsis, F. Schreier, T. Trautmann, Characterization of potentially habitable planets: retrieval of atmospheric and planetary properties from emission spectra. Astron. Astrophys. 551, A120 (2013)
D. Wacey, N. Noffke, M. Saunders, P. Guagliardo, D.M. Pyle, Volcanogenic pseudo-fossils from the ∼3.48 Ga dresser formation, Pilbara, Western Australia. Astrobiology (2018). 10.1089/ast.2017.1734
J. Wade, B.J. Wood, Core formation and the oxidation state of the Earth. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 236, 78–95 (2005)
F.W. Wagner, N. Tosi, F. Sohl, F. Rauer, T. Spohn, Rocky super-Earth interiors structure and internal dynamics of CoRoT-7b and Kepler-10b. Astron. Astrophys. 541, A103 (2012). 10.1051/0004-6361/201118441
R.J. Walker, Highly siderophile elements in the Earth, Moon and Mars: update and implications for planetary accretion and differentiation. Chem. Erde, Geochem. 69, 101–125 (2009)
J.C.G. Walker, P.B. Hays, J.F. Kasting, A negative feedback mechanism for the long-term stabilization of Earth’s surface temperature. J. Geophys. Res. 86, 9776 (1981)
S.I. Walker, W. Bains, L. Cronin, S. Dassarma, S.O. Danielache, S. Domagal-Goldman, B. Kacar, N.Y. Kiang, A. Lenardic, C. Reinhard, W. Moore, E.W. Schwieterman, E.L. Shkolnik, H.B. Smith, Exoplanet biosignatures: future directions. Astrobiology 18(6), 779–824 (2018). 10.1089/ast.2017.1738
K. Wallmann, G. Aloisi, The global carbon cycle: geological processes, in Fundamentals of Geobiology, ed. by A.H. Knoll, D.E. Canfield, K.O. Konhauser (Wiley, New York, 2012), pp. 20–35
K.J. Walsh, A. Morbidelli, N. Raymond, D.P. O’Brien, A.M. Mandell, A low mass for Mars from Jupiter’s early gas-driven migration. Nature 475(7355), 206–209 (2011). 10.1038/nature10201
B. Ward, The global nitrogen cycle, in Fundamentals of Geobiology, ed. by A.H. Knoll, D.E. Canfield, K.O. Konhauser (Wiley, New York, 2012), pp. 36–48
C. Warren, Plate tectonics: when ancient continents collide. Nat. Geosci. 10, 245–246 (2017)
A.J. Watson, T.M. Donahue, J.C.G. Walker, The dynamics of a highly escaping atmosphere: applications to the evolution of Earth and Venus. Icarus 48, 150–166 (1981)
W.A. Watters, M.T. Zuber, B.H. Hager, Thermal perturbations caused by large impacts and consequences for mantle convection. J. Geophys. Res., Planets 114, E2 (2009)
O.M. Weller, M.R. St-Onge, Record of modern-style plate tectonics in the Palaeoproterozoic Trans-Hudson orogeny. Nat. Geosci. 10(4), 305–311 (2017). 10.1038/ngeo2904
S.C. Werner, B.A. Ivanov, Exogenic dynamics, cratering and surface ages, in Treatise on Geophysics, vol. 11, ed. by e.G. Schubert 2nd edn. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2015), pp. 327–365
F. Westall, Morphological biosignatures in early terrestrial and extraterrestrial materials. Space Sci. Rev. 135(1–4), 95–114 (2008)
F. Westall, F. Foucher, B. Cavalazzi, S.T. de Vries, W. Nijman, V. Pearson, J. Watson, V. Verschovsky, I. Wright, A.N. Rousaud, D. Marchesini, A. Severine, Volcaniclastic habitats for early life on Earth and Mars: a case study from ∼3.5 Ga-old rocks from the Pilbara, Australia. Planet. Space Sci. 59(10), 1093–1106 (2011). 10.1016/j.pss.2010.09.006
F. Westall, F. Foucher, N. Bost, M. Bertrand, D. Loizeau, J.L. Vago, G. Kminek, F. Gaboyer, K.A. Campbell, J.-G. Bréhéret, P. Gautret, C.S. Cockell, Biosignatures on Mars: what, where, and how? Implications for the search for martian life. Astrobiology 15, 998–1029 (2015)
M.J. Whitehouse, A.A. Nemchin, R.T. Pidgeon, What can Hadean detrital zircon really tell us? A critical evaluation of their geochronology with implications for the interpretation of oxygen and hafnium isotopes. Gondwana Res. 51, 78–91 (2017)
D.M. Williams, Capture of terrestrial-sized moons by gas giant planets. Astrobiology 13, 315 (2013)
E.T. Wolf, Assessing the habitability of the TRAPPIST-1 system using a 3D climate model. Astrophys. J. Lett. 839, L1 (2017)
C.-C. Yang, A. Johansen, D. Carrera, Concentrating small particles in protoplanetary disks through the streaming instability. Astron. Astrophys. 606, A80 (2017)
Y.L. Yung, W.B. De More, Earth: imprint of life, in Photochemistry of Planetary Atmospheres. (Oxford University Press, London, 1999), Chap. 9
K.J. Zahnle, N.H. Sleep, Comets and the Origin and Evolution of Life, 1st edn. P.J. Thomas, C.F. Chyba, C.P. McKay (Springer, New York, 1997), pp. 175–208
K.J. Zahnle, N.H. Sleep, Comets and the Origin and Evolution of Life, 2nd edn, ed. by P.J. Thomas, C.F. Chyba, C.P. McKay (Springer, Berlin, 2006), pp. 207–252
A.L. Zerkle, S. Mikhail, The geobiological nitrogen cycle: from microbes to the mantle. Geobiology 15, 343–352 (2017)
A.L. Zerkle, S.W. Poulton, R.J. Newton, C. Mettam, M.W. Claire, A. Bekker, C.K. Junium, Onset of the aerobic nitrogen cycle during the Great Oxidation Event. Nature 542, 465–467 (2017). 10.1038/nature20826