On the use of rhodium mirrors for optical diagnostics in ITER

CXRS; Diagnostics; First mirror; ITER; Rhodium; Charge transfer; Plasma diagnostics; Reflection; Sputtering; Surface discharges; Optical diagnostics; Optical reflectance; Optical reflectivity; Physical sputtering; Temperature changes; Mirrors

Abstract :

[en] The first mirrors of optical diagnostics in ITER are exposed to high radiation and fluxes of particles which escape the plasma, in the order of 10 20 m −2 s −1 . At the position of the mirror, the flux may still reach about 10 18 m −2 s −1 . First mirrors are thus the most vulnerable in-vessel optical components, being subject to erosion, esp. by fast charge-exchange neutrals, or to deposition of impurities at flux rates which can reach 0.05 nm/s. The material selected for the reflecting surface must combine a high optical reflectivity in a wide spectral range and a sufficient resistance to physical sputtering during normal operation and during mirror cleaning discharges, if any is installed. Rhodium ( 103 Rh) was identified early as a possible or even promising candidate. It combines several attractive properties, for instance a mass which leads in most cases to low sputtering yields together with an optical reflectance (R Rh ≈75%) which is much higher than of some other options. R Rh is insensitive to large temperature changes. Rhodium is fairly inert and its low oxidation is an appreciable advantage in case of steam ingress events. The core-plasma CXRS diagnostic in ITER (UPP 3) have now turned to Rh as a baseline. The aim is to procure monocrystalline rhodium (SC-Rh) to mitigate the increase of the diffuse reflection with the damage due to physical sputtering. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

Disciplines :

Materials science & engineering

Author, co-author :

Mertens, P.; Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany

Boman, Romain ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'aérospatiale et mécanique > Département d'aérospatiale et mécanique

Dickheuer, S.; Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany

Krasikov, Y.; Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany

Krimmer, A.; Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany

Leichtle, D.; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Neutronenphysik und Reaktortechnik (INR), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany

Liegeois, Kim ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Département d'aérospatiale et mécanique > Computational and stochastic modeling

Linsmeier, C.; Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany

Litnovsky, A.; Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany

Marchuk, O.; Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany

Rasinski, M.; Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung – Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany

De Bock, M.; ITER Organization, St.Paul-lez-Durance, 13067, France

Language :

English

Title :

On the use of rhodium mirrors for optical diagnostics in ITER

Publication date :

September 2019

Journal title :

Fusion Engineering and Design

ISSN :

0920-3796

eISSN :

1873-7196

Publisher :

Elsevier Ltd

Volume :

146

Issue :

part B

Pages :

2514-2518

Peer reviewed :

Peer Reviewed verified by ORBi

Available on ORBi :

since 10 May 2019

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