Siegel, R.L.; Miller, K.D.; Jemal, A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2018, 68, 7–30. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Berry, D.A.; Cronin, K.A.; Plevritis, S.K.; Fryback, D.G.; Clarke, L.; Zelen, M.; Mandelblatt, J.S.; Yakovlev, A.Y.; Habbema, J.D.; Feuer, E.J. Effect of screening and adjuvant therapy on mortality from breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005, 353, 1784–1792. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Yadav, B.S.; Sharma, S.C.; Chanana, P.; Jhamb, S. Systemic treatment strategies for triple-negative breast cancer. World J. Clin. Oncol. 2014, 5, 125–133. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Lefort, S.; Joffre, C.; Kieffer, Y.; Givel, A.M.; Bourachot, B.; Zago, G.; Bieche, I.; Dubois, T.; Meseure, D.; Vincent-Salomon, A.; et al. Inhibition of autophagy as a new means of improving chemotherapy efficiency in high-LC3B triple-negative breast cancers. Autophagy 2014, 10, 2122–2142. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Chittaranjan, S.; Bortnik, S.; Dragowska, W.H.; Xu, J.; Abeysundara, N.; Leung, A.; Go, N.E.; DeVorkin, L.; Weppler, S.A.; Gelmon, K.; et al. Autophagy inhibition augments the anticancer effects of epirubicin treatment in anthracycline-sensitive and-resistant triple-negative breast cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 2014, 20, 3159–3173. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Wen, J.; Yeo, S.; Wang, C.; Chen, S.; Sun, S.; Haas, M.A.; Tu, W.; Jin, F.; Guan, J.L. Autophagy inhibition re-sensitizes pulse stimulation-selected paclitaxel-resistant triple negative breast cancer cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2015, 149, 619–629. [CrossRef]
Yamada, T.; Carson, A.R.; Caniggia, I.; Umebayashi, K.; Yoshimori, T.; Nakabayashi, K.; Scherer, S.W. Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase antisense (NOS3AS) gene encodes an autophagy-related protein (APG9-like2) highly expressed in trophoblast. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 18283–18290. [CrossRef]
Young, A.R.; Chan, E.Y.; Hu, X.W.; Kochl, R.; Crawshaw, S.G.; High, S.; Hailey, D.W.; Lippincott-Schwartz, J.; Tooze, S.A. Starvation and ULK1-dependent cycling of mammalian Atg9 between the TGN and endosomes. J. Cell Sci. 2006, 119, 3888–3900. [CrossRef]
Orsi, A.; Razi, M.; Dooley, H.C.; Robinson, D.; Weston, A.E.; Collinson, L.M.; Tooze, S.A. Dynamic and transient interactions of Atg9 with autophagosomes, but not membrane integration, are required for autophagy. Mol. Biol. Cell 2012, 23, 1860–1873. [CrossRef]
Webber, J.L.; Tooze, S.A. Coordinated regulation of autophagy by p38alpha MAPK through mAtg9 and p38IP. EMBO J. 2010, 29, 27–40. [CrossRef]
Longatti, A.; Lamb, C.A.; Razi, M.; Yoshimura, S.; Barr, F.A.; Tooze, S.A. TBC1D14 regulates autophagosome formation via Rab11-and ULK1-positive recycling endosomes. J. Cell Biol. 2012, 197, 659–675. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Puri, C.; Renna, M.; Bento, C.F.; Moreau, K.; Rubinsztein, D.C. ATG16L1 meets ATG9 in recycling endosomes: Additional roles for the plasma membrane and endocytosis in autophagosome biogenesis. Autophagy 2014, 10, 182–184. [CrossRef]
Imai, K.; Hao, F.; Fujita, N.; Tsuji, Y.; Oe, Y.; Araki, Y.; Hamasaki, M.; Noda, T.; Yoshimori, T. Atg9A trafficking through the recycling endosomes is required for autophagosome formation. J. Cell Sci. 2016, 129, 3781–3791. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Popovic, D.; Dikic, I. TBC1D5 and the AP2 complex regulate ATG9 trafficking and initiation of autophagy. EMBO Rep. 2014, 15, 392–401. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Tang, J.Y.; Hsi, E.; Huang, Y.C.; Hsu, N.C.; Chen, Y.K.; Chu, P.Y.; Chai, C.Y. ATG9A overexpression is associated with disease recurrence and poor survival in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Virchows Arch. 2013, 463, 737–742. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Nunes, J.; Zhang, H.; Angelopoulos, N.; Chhetri, J.; Osipo, C.; Grothey, A.; Stebbing, J.; Giamas, G. ATG9A loss confers resistance to trastuzumab via c-Cbl mediated Her2 degradation. Oncotarget 2016, 7, 27599–27612. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Zhang, X.; Li, C.; Wang, D.; Chen, Q.; Li, C.L.; Li, H.J. Aberrant methylation of ATG2B, ATG4D, ATG9A and ATG9B CpG island promoter is associated with decreased mRNA expression in sporadic breast carcinoma. Gene 2016, 590, 285–292. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Elston, C.W.; Ellis, I.O. Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: Experience from a large study with long-term follow-up. Histopathology 1991, 19, 403–410. [CrossRef]
Poillet-Perez, L.; Jacquet, M.; Hervouet, E.; Gauthier, T.; Fraichard, A.; Borg, C.; Pallandre, J.R.; Gonzalez, B.J.; Ramdani, Y.; Boyer-Guittaut, M.; et al. GABARAPL1 tumor suppressive function is independent of its conjugation to autophagosomes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017, 8, 55998–56020. [CrossRef]
Herfs, M.; Longuespee, R.; Quick, C.M.; Roncarati, P.; Suarez-Carmona, M.; Hubert, P.; Lebeau, A.; Bruyere, D.; Mazzucchelli, G.; Smargiasso, N.; et al. Proteomic signatures reveal a dualistic and clinically relevant classification of anal canal carcinoma. J. Pathol. 2017, 241, 522–533. [CrossRef]
Hubert, P.; Herman, L.; Roncarati, P.; Maillard, C.; Renoux, V.; Demoulin, S.; Erpicum, C.; Foidart, J.M.; Boniver, J.; Noel, A.; et al. Altered alpha-defensin 5 expression in cervical squamocolumnar junction: Implication in the formation of a viral/tumour-permissive microenvironment. J. Pathol. 2014, 234, 464–477. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Lanczky, A.; Nagy, A.; Bottai, G.; Munkacsy, G.; Szabo, A.; Santarpia, L.; Gyorffy, B. miRpower: A web-tool to validate survival-associated miRNAs utilizing expression data from 2178 breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2016, 160, 439–446. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Popp, M.W.; Maquat, L.E. Leveraging Rules of Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay for Genome Engineering and Personalized Medicine. Cell 2016, 165, 1319–1322. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Han, Y.; Fan, S.; Qin, T.; Yang, J.; Sun, Y.; Lu, Y.; Mao, J.; Li, L. Role of autophagy in breast cancer and breast cancer stem cells (Review). Int. J. Oncol. 2018, 52, 1057–1070. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Liang, C.; Feng, P.; Ku, B.; Dotan, I.; Canaani, D.; Oh, B.H.; Jung, J.U. Autophagic and tumour suppressor activity of a novel Beclin1-binding protein UVRAG. Nat. Cell Biol. 2006, 8, 688–699. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Kwon, J.J.; Willy, J.A.; Quirin, K.A.; Wek, R.C.; Korc, M.; Yin, X.M.; Kota, J. Novel role of miR-29a in pancreatic cancer autophagy and its therapeutic potential. Oncotarget 2016, 7, 71635–71650. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Onorati, A.V.; Dyczynski, M.; Ojha, R.; Amaravadi, R.K. Targeting autophagy in cancer. Cancer 2018, 124, 3307–3318. [CrossRef]
Berthier, A.; Seguin, S.; Sasco, A.J.; Bobin, J.Y.; De Laroche, G.; Datchary, J.; Saez, S.; Rodriguez-Lafrasse, C.; Tolle, F.; Fraichard, A.; et al. High expression of gabarapl1 is associated with a better outcome for patients with lymph node-positive breast cancer. Br. J. Cancer 2010, 102, 1024–1031. [CrossRef]
Nemos, C.; Mansuy, V.; Vernier-Magnin, S.; Fraichard, A.; Jouvenot, M.; Delage-Mourroux, R. Expression of gec1/GABARAPL1 versus GABARAP mRNAs in human: Predominance of gec1/GABARAPL1 in the central nervous system. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 2003, 119, 216–219. [CrossRef]
Ran, L.; Hong, T.; Xiao, X.; Xie, L.; Zhou, J.; Wen, G. GABARAPL1 acts as a potential marker and promotes tumor proliferation and metastasis in triple negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017, 8, 74519–74526. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Sun, Y.; Chen, Y.; Zhang, J.; Cao, L.; He, M.; Liu, X.; Zhao, N.; Yin, A.; Huang, H.; Wang, L. TMEM74 promotes tumor cell survival by inducing autophagy via interactions with ATG16L1 and ATG9A. Cell Death Dis. 2017, 8, e3031. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Abdul Rahim, S.A.; Dirkse, A.; Oudin, A.; Schuster, A.; Bohler, J.; Barthelemy, V.; Muller, A.; Vallar, L.; Janji, B.; Golebiewska, A.; et al. Regulation of hypoxia-induced autophagy in glioblastoma involves ATG9A. Br. J. Cancer 2017, 117, 813–825. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Chen, J.F.; Wu, P.; Xia, R.; Yang, J.; Huo, X.Y.; Gu, D.Y.; Tang, C.J.; De, W.; Yang, F. STAT3-induced lncRNA HAGLROS overexpression contributes to the malignant progression of gastric cancer cells via mTOR signal-mediated inhibition of autophagy. Mol. Cancer 2018, 17, 6. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Ye, H.; Chen, M.; Cao, F.; Huang, H.; Zhan, R.; Zheng, X. Chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, potentiates the radiosensitivity of glioma initiating cells by inhibiting autophagy and activating apoptosis. BMC Neurol. 2016, 16, 178. [CrossRef]
Mukthavaram, R.; Ouyang, X.; Saklecha, R.; Jiang, P.; Nomura, N.; Pingle, S.C.; Guo, F.; Makale, M.; Kesari, S. Effect of the JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor SAR317461 on human glioblastoma tumorspheres. J. Transl. Med. 2015, 13, 269. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
