Varenberg, M., Pugno, N., Gorb, S., Spatulate structures in biological fibrillar adhesion. Soft Matter 6:14 (2010), 3269–3272.
Beutel, R.G., Gorb, S.N., Ultrastructure of attachment specializations of hexapods (arthropoda): evolutionary patterns inferred from a revised ordinal phylogeny. J Zool Syst Evol Res 39 (2001), 177–207.
Persson, B.N.J., On the mechanism of adhesion in biological systems. J Chem Phys, 28(118), 2003, 7614.
Jagota, A., Bennison, S.J., Mechanics of adhesion through a fibrillar microstructure. Integr Comp Biol 42 (2002), 1140–1145.
Persson, B.N.J., Gorb, S.N., The effect of surface roughness on the adhesion of elastic plates with application to biological systems. J Chem Phys 119:21 (2003), 11437–11444.
Bico, J., Roman, B., Moulin, L., Boudaoud, A., Elastocapillary coalescence in wet hair. Nature, 432, 2004, 690.
Spolenak, R., Gorb, S., Arzt, E., Adhesion design maps for bio-inspired attachment systems. Acta Biomater 1 (2005), 5–13.
Greiner, C., del Campo, A., Arzt, E., Adhesion of bioinspired micropatterned surfaces: effects of pillar radius, aspect ratio, and preload. Langmuir 23 (2007), 3495–3502.
Arzt, E., Gorb, S., Spolenak, R., From micro to nano contacts in biological attachment devices. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:19 (2003), 10603–10606.
Haas, F., Gorb, S.N., Evolution of locomotory attachment pads in the dermaptera (insecta). Arthropod Struct Dev 33 (2004), 45–66.
Peisker, H., Michels, J., Gorb, S.N., Evidence for a material gradient in the adhesive tarsal setae of the ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata. Nat Comm, 4, 2013, 1661, 10.1038/ncomms2576 Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy nanoindentation, this study provides the first evidence of a material composition gradient and subsequent Young's modulus gradient in the longitudinal direction of the setae. The setal tips are sufficiently compliant to adapt to rough substrates, while the setal stalks are sufficiently rigid to prevent clustering.
Petersen, D.S., Kreuter, N., Heepe, L., Büsse, S., Wellbrock, A.H.J., Witte, K., Gorb, S.N., Holding tight on feathers — structural specializations and attachment properties of the avian ectoparasite Crataerina pallida (diptera, hippoboscidae). J Exp Biol, 2018 jeb.179242.
Rebora, M., Michels, J., Salerno, G., Heepe, L., Gorb, E., Gorb, S.N., Tarsal attachment devices of the southern green stink bug Nezara viridula (heteroptera: Pentatomidae). J Morphol 279 (2018), 660–672.
Gorb, S., Filippov, A., Fibrillar adhesion with no clusterisation: functional significance of material gradient along adhesive setae of insects. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 5:1 (2014), 837–845.
Dirks, J.-H., Federle, W., Fluid-based adhesion in insects: principles and challenges. Soft Matter, 7(23), 2011, 11047, 10.1039/c1sm06269g.
Gernay, S.M., Federle, W., Lambert, P., Gilet, T., Elasto-capillarity in insect fibrillar adhesion. J R Soc Interface, 13, 2016, 20160371 This paper investigates the bending of setal tips during contact in the presence of a secretory fluid, and provides a first elastocapillary model that rationalizes the observed adhesion levels.
Gernay, S.M., Labousse, S., Lambert, P., Compère, P., Gilet, T., Multi-scale tarsal adhesion kinematics of freely-walking dock beetles. J R Soc Interface, 14, 2017, 20170493 This paper provides a detailed kinematic analysis of the adhesion cycles of a walking beetle, from the scale of the legs to the scale of individual setal tips.
Peisker, H., Gorb, S.N., Evaporation dynamics of tarsal liquid footprints in flies (Calliphora vicina) and beetles (Coccinella septempunctata). J Exp Biol 215 (2012), 1266–1271.
Geiselhardt, S.F., Federle, W., Prum, B., Geiselhardt, S., Lamm, S., Peschke, K., Impact of chemical manipulation of tarsal liquids on attachment in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. J Insect Physiol 56 (2010), 398–404, 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.11.016.
Filippov, A.E., Gorb, S.N., Spatial model of the gecko foot hair: functional significance of highly specialized non-uniform geometry. Interface Focus, 5, 2015, 20140065.
Betz, O., Structure of the tarsi in some stenus species (coleoptera, staphylinidae): external morphology, ultrastructure, and tarsal secretion. J Morphol 255:1 (2003), 24–43.
Geiselhardt, S.F., Geiselhardt, S., Peschke, K., Comparison of tarsal and cuticular chemistry in the leaf beetle Gastrophysa viridula (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and an evaluation of solid-phase microextraction and solvent extraction techniques. Chemoecology 19:4 (2009), 185–193, 10.1007/s00049-009-0021-y.
Dirks, J.-H., Federle, W., Mechanisms of fluid production in smooth adhesive pads of insects. J R Soc Interface 8:60 (2011), 952–960, 10.1098/rsif.2010.0575.
Heepe, L., Wolff, J.O., Gorb, S.N., Influence of ambient humidity on the attachment ability of ladybird beetles (Coccinella septempunctata). Beilstein J Nanotechnol 7 (2016), 1322–1329 This paper shows that friction forces are dependent on ambient humidity. It suggests that a dispersed aqueous phase in the wet contact zone, either secreted or simply adsorbed from the environment, may significantly affect the attachment dynamics.
Kovalev, A.E., Filippov, A.E., Gorb, S.N., Insect wet steps: loss of fluid from insect feet adhering to a substrate. J R Soc Interface, 10, 2013, 20120639.
Geiselhardt, S.F., Lamm, S., Gack, C., Peschke, K., Interaction of liquid epicuticular hydrocarbons and tarsal adhesive secretion in Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 196:5 (2010), 369–378, 10.1007/s00359-010-0522-8.
Speidel, M.W., Kleemeier, M., Hartwig, A., Rischka, K., Ellermann, A., Daniels, R., Betz, O., Structural and tribometric characterization of biomimetically inspired synthetic “insect adhesives”. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 8 (2017), 45–63.
Abou, B., Gay, C., Laurent, B., Cardoso, O., Voigt, D., Peisker, H., Gorb, S.N., Extensive collection of femtoliter pad secretion droplets in beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata allows nanoliter microrheology. J R Soc Interface 7 (2010), 1745–1752, 10.1098/rsif.2010.0075.
Peisker, H., Heepe, L., Kovalev, A.E., Gorb, S.N., Comparative study of the fluid viscosity in tarsal hairy attachment systems of flies and beetles. J R Soc Interface, 11, 2014, 20140752.
Bullock, J.M.R., Federle, W., Beetle adhesive hairs differ in stiffness and stickiness: in vivo adhesion measurements on individual setae. Naturwissenschaften 98:5 (2011), 381–387, 10.1007/s00114-011-0781-4 This paper provides direct measurements of adhesion force and stiffness for individual setae in a leaf beetle. It highlights differences between spatulate, discoidal and pointed setal tips.
Heepe, L., Grohmann, C., Gorb, S.N., Visualization of the number of tarsal adhesive setae used during normal and ceiling walk in a ladybird beetle: a case study. Functional Surfaces in Biology III, Vol. 10 of Biologically-inspired systems, Springer, 2017, 193–203.
Dirks, J.-H., Physical principles of fluid-mediated insect attachment — shouldn't insects slip?. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 5:1 (2014), 1160–1166 This paper is a review of the possible roles played by the liquid secretion. Among others, it sheds light on the unexplained static friction of the setal tips and suggests several potential rationales.
Labonte, D., Federle, W., Scaling and biomechanics of surface attachment in climbing animals. Philos Trans R Soc B, 370, 2015, 20140027, 10.1098/rstb.2014.0027.
Hosoda, N., Gorb, S.N., Underwater locomotion in a terrestrial beetle: combination of surface de-wetting and capillary forces. Proc R Soc B: Biol Sci 279:1745 (2012), 4236–4242, 10.1098/rspb.2012.1297.
Sauer, R.A., The peeling behavior of thin films with finite bending stiffness and the implications on gecko adhesion. J Adhesion 87 (2011), 624–643.
Hui, C.-Y., Jagota, A., Lin, Y.Y., Kramer, E.J., Constraints on microcontact printing imposed by stamp deformation. Langmuir 18 (2002), 1394–1407.
Eimüller, T., Guttmann, P., Gorb, S.N., Terminal contact elements of insect attachment devices studied by transmission x-ray microscopy. J Exp Biol 211:12 (2008), 1958–1963, 10.1242/jeb.014308.
Gorb, E., Gorb, S., Effects of surface topography and chemistry of Rumex obtusifolius leaves on the attachment of the beetle Gastrophysa viridula. Entomol Exp Appl 130:3 (2009), 222–228.
Voigt, D., Schweikart, A., Fery, A., Gorb, S., Leaf beetle attachment on wrinkles: isotropic friction on anisotropic surfaces. J Exp Biol 215 (2012), 1975–1982.
Gorb, E.V., Hosoda, N., Miksch, C., Gorb, S.N., Slippery pores: anti-adhesive effect of nanoporous substrates on the beetle attachment system. J R Soc Interface 7:52 (2010), 1571–1579, 10.1098/rsif.2010.0081.
Bullock, J.M.R., Drechsler, P., Federle, W., Comparison of smooth and hairy attachment pads in insects: friction, adhesion and mechanisms for direction-dependence, J. Exp Biol 211:20 (2008), 3333–3343, 10.1242/jeb.020941.
Bullock, J.M.R., Federle, W., Division of labour and sex differences between fibrillar, tarsal adhesive pads in beetles: effective elastic modulus and attachment performance. J Exp Biol 212:12 (2009), 1876–1888, 10.1242/jeb.030551.
Drechsler, P., Federle, W., Biomechanics of smooth adhesive pads in insects: influence of tarsal secretion on attachment performance. J Comp Physiol A 192:11 (2006), 1213–1222, 10.1007/s00359-006-0150-5.
Betz, O., Frenzel, M., Steiner, M., Vogt, M., Kleemeier, M., Hartwig, M., Sampalla, B., Rupp, F., Boley, M., Schmitt, C., Adhesion and friction of the smooth attachment system of the cockroach Gromphadorhina portentosa and the influence of the application of fluid adhesives. Biol Open 6 (2017), 589–601 This paper investigates the tribometry of the secretion of smooth adhesive pads and its influence on attachment forces. The effect of natural secretion is compared to that of artificial fluids.
Niederegger, S., Gorb, S.N., Tarsal movements in flies during leg attachment and detachment on a smooth substrate. J Insect Physiol 49 (2003), 611–620, 10.1016/S0022-1910(03)00048-9.
Zhou, Y., Robinson, A., Viney, C., Federle, W., Effect of shear forces and ageing on the compliance of adhesive pads in adult cockroaches. J Exp Biol 218 (2015), 2775–2781.
Clemente, C.J., Bullock, J.M.R., Beale, A., Federle, W., Evidence for self-cleaning in fluid-based smooth and hairy adhesive systems of insects. J Exp Biol 213:4 (2010), 635–642, 10.1242/jeb.038232.
Hansen, W.R., Autumn, K., Evidence for self-cleaning in gecko setae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:2 (2005), 385–389.
Amador, G.J., Endlein, T., Sitti, M., Soiled adhesive pads shear clean by slipping: a robust self-cleaning mechanism in climbing beetles. J R Soc Interface, 14, 2017, 20170134 This paper quantifies the self-cleaning ability of wet hairy adhesive pads. It shows that in a free walk, beetles with soiled pads perform sliding movements to efficiently clean them.
Gorb, E., Voigt, D., Eigenbrode, S.D., Gorb, S., Attachment force of the beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) on leaflet surfaces of mutants of the pea Pisum sativum (Fabaceae) with regular and reduced wax coverage. Arthropod-Plant Interact 2:4 (2008), 247–259, 10.1007/s11829-008-9049-0.
Lambert, P., Capillary Forces in Microassembly, Microtechnology and MEMS. 2007, Springer.
Heepe, L., Gorb, S.N., Biologically inspired mushroom-shaped adhesive microstructures. Annu Rev Mater Res 44 (2014), 173–203 This paper reviews several biological attachment systems and their biomimetic counterparts, with a focus on mushroom-shaped micropillars. This geometry is particularly adapted to long-term reversible attachment. Adhesion and friction forces developed by these structures in various environmental conditions are discussed.
