Sideri M, Jones RW, Wilkinson EJ, et al. Squamous vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: 2004 modified terminology, ISSVD Vulvar Oncology Subcommittee. J Reprod Med 2005;50:807-10.
McCluggage WG. Recent developments in vulvovaginal pathology. Histopathology 2009;54:156-73.
Del Pino M, Rodriguez-Carunchio L, Ordi J. Pathways of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathology 2013;62:161-75.
De Vuyst H, Clifford GM, Nascimento MC, et al. Prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus in carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva, vagina and anus: a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2009;124:1626-36.
Fox H, Wells M. Recent advances in the pathology of the vulva. Histopathology 2003;42:209-16.
Yang B, Hart WR. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia of the simplex (differentiated) type: a clinicopathologic study including analysis of HPV and p53 expression. Am J Surg Pathol 2000;24:429-41.
Roma AA, Hart WR. Progression of simplex (differentiated) vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective case study confirming its precursor role in the pathogenesis of vulvar cancer. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2007;26:248-53.
Crum CP, McLachlin CM, Tate JE, et al. Pathobiology of vulvar squamous neoplasia. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1997;9:63-9.
Reyes MC, Cooper K. An update on vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: terminology and a practical approach to diagnosis. J Clin Pathol 2014;67:290-4.
Hart WR. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: historical aspects and current status. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2001;20:16-30.
Modesitt SC, Groben PA, Walton LA, et al. Expression of Ki- 67 in vulvar carcinoma and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia III: correlation with clinical prognostic factors. Gynecol Oncol 2000;76:51-5.
Stewart CJR, Crook ML. Fascin and cyclin D1 immunoreactivity in non-neoplastic vulvar squamous epithelium, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive squamous carcinoma: correlation with Ki67 and p16 protein expression. J Clin Pathol 2014;67:319-25.
Logani S, Lu D, Quint WGV, et al. Low-grade vulvar and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: correlation of histologic features with human papillomavirus DNA detection and MIB-1 immunostaining. Mod Pathol 2003;16:735-41.
van den Einden LC, de Hullu JA, Massuger LF, et al. Interobserver variability and the effect of education in the histopathological diagnosis of differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Mod Pathol 2013;26:874-80.
Mulvany NJ, Allen DG. Differentiated intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2008;27:125-35.
Singh N, Leen SL, Han G, et al. Expanding the morphologic spectrum of differentiated VIN (dVIN) through detailed mapping of cases with p53 loss. Am J Surg Pathol 2015;39:52-60.
Pinto AP, Miron A, Yassin Y, et al. Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia contains Tp53 mutations and is genetically linked to vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2010;23:404-12.
Rolfe KJ, MacLean AB, Crow JC, et al. TP53 mutations in vulval lichen sclerosus adjacent to squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Br J Cancer 2003;89:2249-53.
Liegl B, Regauer S. p53 immunostaining in lichen sclerosus is related to ischaemic stress and is not a marker of differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (d-VIN). Histopathology 2006; 48:268-74.
Eva LJ, Ganesan R, Chan KK, et al. Differentiated-type vulval intraepithelial neoplasia has a high-risk association with vulval squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2009;19:741-4.
Eva LJ, Ganesan R, Chan KK, et al. Vulval squamous cell carcinoma occurring on a background of differentiated vulval intraepithelial neoplasia is more likely to recur: a review of 154 cases. J Reprod Med 2008;53:397-401.
Gheit T, Billoud G, de Koning MNC, et al. Development of a sensitive and specific multiplex PCR method combined with DNA microarray primer extension to detect Betapapillomavirus types. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45:2537-44.
Ruer JB, Pépin L, Gheit T, et al. Detection of alpha- and betahuman papillomavirus (HPV) in cutaneous melanoma: a matched and controlled study using specific multiplex PCR combined with DNA microarray primer extension. Exp Dermatol 2009;18:857-62.
Schmitt M, Bravo IG, Snijders PJF, et al. Bead-based multiplex genotyping of human papillomaviruses. J Clin Microbiol 2006;44:504-12.
Schmitt M, Dondog B, Waterboer T, et al. Abundance of multiple high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections found in cervical cells analyzed by use of an ultrasensitive HPV genotyping assay. J Clin Microbiol 2010;48:143-9.
Hampras SS, Giuliano AR, Lin H-Y, et al. Natural history of cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men: the HIM study. PLoS One 2014;9:e104843.
Mokili JL, Dutilh BE, Lim YW, et al. Identification of a novel human papillomavirus by metagenomic analysis of samples from patients with febrile respiratory illness. PLoS One 2013;8: e58404.
Saiki RK, Gelfand DH, Stoffel S, et al. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 1988;239:487-91.
Riethdorf S, Neffen EF, Cviko A, et al. p16INK4A expression as biomarker for HPV 16-related vulvar neoplasias. Hum Pathol 2004;35:1477-83.
Tommasino M. The biology of beta human papillomaviruses. Virus Res 2017;231:128-38.
Howley PM, Pfister HJ. Beta genus papillomaviruses and skin cancer. Virology 2015;479-480:290-6.
Cohen DN, Lawson SK, Shaver AC, et al. Contribution of beta-HPV infection and UV damage to rapid-onset cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma during BRAF-inhibition therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2015;21:2624-34.
Hazard K, Karlsson A, Andersson K, et al. Cutaneous human papillomaviruses persist on healthy skin. J Invest Dermatol 2007;127:116-9.
de Koning MNC, Struijk L, Bavinck JNB, et al. Betapapillomaviruses frequently persist in the skin of healthy individuals. J Gen Virol 2007;88(part 5):1489-95.
Asgari MM, Kiviat NB, Critchlow CW, et al. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma among immunocompetent individuals. J Invest Dermatol 2008;128:1409-17.
Hampras SS, Rollison DE, Giuliano AR, et al. Prevalence and concordance of cutaneous beta human papillomavirus infection at mucosal and cutaneous sites. J Infect Dis 2017;216:92-6.
Nunes EM, Sudenga SL, Gheit T, et al. Diversity of betapapillomavirus at anogenital and oral anatomic sites of men: The HIM Study. Virology 2016;495:33-41.
Forslund O, Johansson H, Madsen KG, et al. The nasal mucosa contains a large spectrum of human papillomavirus types from the Betapapillomavirus and Gammapapillomavirus genera. J Infect Dis 2013;208:1335-41.
Forslund O, Iftner T, Andersson K, et al. Cutaneous human papillomaviruses found in sun-exposed skin: beta-papillomavirus species 2 predominates in squamous cell carcinoma. J Infect Dis 2007;196:876-83.
Kocjan BJ, Bzhalava D, Forslund O, et al. Molecular methods for identification and characterization of novel papillomaviruses. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015;21:808-16.
