[en] Spatial diversification of crop and non-crop habitats in farming systems is promising for enhancing natural regulation of insect pests. Nevertheless, results from recent syntheses show variable effects. One explanation is that the abundance and diversity of pests and natural enemies are affected by the composition, design and management of crop and non-crop habitats. Moreover, interactions between both local and landscape elements and practices carried out at different spatial scales may affect the regulation of insect pests. Hence, research is being conducted to understand these interdependencies. However, insects are not the only pests and pests are not the only elements to regulate in agroecosystems. Broadening the scope could allow addressing multiple issues simultaneously, but also solving them together by enhancing synergies. Indeed, spatial diversification of crop and non-crop habitats can allow addressing the issues of weeds and pathogens, along with being beneficial to several other regulating services like pollination, soil conservation and nutrient cycling. Although calls rise to
develop multifunctional landscapes that optimize the delivery of multiple ecosystem services, it still represents a scientific challenge today. Enhancing interdisciplinarity in research institutions and building interrelations between scientists and stakeholders may help reach this goal. Despite obstacles, positive results from research based on such innovative approaches are encouraging for engaging science in this path. Hence, the aim of the present paper is to offer an update on these issues by exploring the most recent findings and discussing these results to highlight needs for future research.
Research center :
TERRA Teaching and Research Centre - TERRA
Disciplines :
Sociology & social sciences Environmental sciences & ecology Entomology & pest control Agriculture & agronomy
Author, co-author :
Hatt, Séverin ; Université de Liège - ULiège > R&D Direction : Chercheurs ULiège en mobilité
Boeraeve, Fanny ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Ingénierie des biosystèmes (Biose) > Biodiversité et Paysage
Artru, Sidonie ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Ingénierie des biosystèmes (Biose) > Gestion des ressources forestières et des milieux naturels
Dufrêne, Marc ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Ingénierie des biosystèmes (Biose) > Biodiversité et Paysage
Francis, Frédéric ; Université de Liège - ULiège > Agronomie, Bio-ingénierie et Chimie (AgroBioChem) > Gestion durable des bio-agresseurs
Language :
English
Title :
Spatial diversification of agroecosystems to enhance biological control and other regulating services: An agroecological perspective
Anderson, R.L., Suppressing weed growth after wheat harvest with underseeded red clover in organic farming. Renewable Agric. Food Syst. 31 (2016), 185–190, 10.1017/S1742170515000022.
Andrews, D.J., Kassam, A.H., The importance of multiple cropping in increasing world food supplies. Papendick, R.I., Sanchez, P.A., Triplett, G.B., (eds.) Multiple Cropping, 1976, ASA Special Publication, Madison, WI, USA, 1–10.
Annett, R., Habibi, H.R., Hontela, A., Impact of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides on the freshwater environment. J. Appl. Toxicol. 34 (2014), 458–479, 10.1002/jat.2997.
Artru, S., Garré, S., Dupraz, C., Hiel, M.-P., Blitz-Frayret, C., Lassois, L., Impact of spatio-temporal shade dynamics on wheat growth andyield, perspectives for temperate agroforestry. Eur. J. Agron. 82 (2017), 60–70, 10.1016/j.eja.2016.10.004.
Balzan, M.V., Bocci, G., Moonen, A.-C., Augmenting flower trait diversity in wildflower strips to optimise the conservation of arthropod functional groups for multiple agroecosystem services. J. Insect Conserv. 18 (2014), 713–728, 10.1007/s10841-014-9680-2.
Balzan, M.V., Bocci, G., Moonen, A.-C., Utilisation of plant functional diversity in wildflower strips for the delivery of multiple agroecosystem services. Entomol. Exp. Appl., 158, 2016, 319, 10.1111/eea.12403.
Balzan, M.V., Bocci, G., Moonen, A.-C., Landscape complexity and field margin vegetation diversity enhance natural enemies and reduce herbivory by Lepidoptera pests on tomato crop. BioControl 61 (2016), 141–154, 10.1007/s10526-015-9711-2.
Barbosa, P.A, Conservation Biological Control. 1998, Academic Press, San Diego, 420 You may find more information here, thank you. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780120781478.
Baveye, P.C., Palfreyman, J., Otten, W., Research efforts involving several disciplines: adherence to a clear nomenclature is needed. Water Air Soil Pollut., 225, 2014, 1997, 10.1007/s11270-014-1997-7.
Bedoussac, L., Journet, E.-P., Hauggaard-Nielsen, H., Naudin, C., Corre-Hellou, G., Jensen, E.S., Prieur, L., Justes, E., Ecological principles underlying the increase of productivity achieved by cereal-grain legume intercrops in organic farming. A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 35 (2015), 911–935, 10.1007/s13593-014-0277-7.
Bianchi, F.J.J.A., Goedhart, P.W., Baveco, J.M., Enhanced pest control in cabbage crops near forest in The Netherlands. Landsc. Ecol. 23 (2008), 595–602, 10.1007/s10980-008-9219-6.
Blaauw, B.R., Isaacs, R., Flower plantings increase wild bee abundance and the pollination services provided to a pollination-dependent crop. J. Appl. Ecol. 51 (2014), 890–898, 10.1111/1365-2664.12257.
Bommarco, R., Marini, L., Vaissière, B., Insect pollination enhances seed yield, quality, and market value in oilseed rape. Oecologia 169 (2012), 1025–1032, 10.1007/s00442-012-2271-6.
Borin, M., Passoni, M., Thiene, M., Tempesta, T., Multiple functions of buffer strips in farming areas. Eur. J. Agron. 32 (2010), 103–111, 10.1016/j.eja.2009.05.003.
Brédart, D., Stassart, P.M., When farmers learn through dialog with their practices: a proposal for a theory of action for agricultural trajectories. J. Rural. Stud. 53 (2017), 1–13, 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.04.009.
Brédart, D., Hatt, S., Méhu, M., Francis, F., Stassart, P.M., Les savoirs paysans pour coordonner la conservation de la nature et agriculture. Pistes pour une prise en compte renforcée des compétences des agriculteurs dans l'action agro-environnementale. Mille Lieux 7 (2017), 16–21.
Brose, U., Bottom-up control of carabid beetle communities in early successional wetlands: mediated by vegetation structure or plant diversity?. Oecologia 135 (2003), 407–413, 10.1007/s00442-003-1222-7.
Campbell, D.R., Bischoff, M., Lord, J.M., Robertson, A.W., Flower color influences insect visitation in alpine New Zealand. Ecology 91 (2010), 2638–2649, 10.1890/09-0941.1.
Campbell, A.J., Biesmeijer, J.C., Varma, V., Wäckers, F.L., Realising multiple ecosystem services based on the response of three beneficial insect groups to floral traits and trait diversity. Basic Appl. Ecol. 13 (2012), 363–370, 10.1016/j.baae.2012.04.003.
Cardinale, B.J., Harvey, C.T., Gross, K., Ives, A.R., Biodiversity and biocontrol: emergent impacts of a multi-enemy assemblage on pest suppression and crop yield in an agroecosystem. Ecol. Lett. 6 (2003), 857–865, 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00508.x.
Cerf, M., Is participatory research a scientific practice?. J. Rural. Stud. 27 (2011), 414–418, 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2011.10.004.
Chaplin-Kramer, R., O'Rourke, M., Blitzer, E.J., Kremen, A meta-analysis of crop pest and natural enemy response to landscape complexity. Ecol. Lett. 14 (2011), 922–932, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01642.x.
Cole, L.J., Brocklehurst, S., Robertson, D., Harrisson, W., McCracken, D.I., Riparian buffer strips: their role in the conservation of insect pollinators in intensive grassland systems. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 211 (2015), 207–220, 10.1016/j.agee.2015.06.012.
Cong, W.-F., Hoffland, E., Li, L., Six, J., Sun, J.-H., Bao, X.-G., Zhang, F.-S., van der Werf, W., Intercropping enhances soil carbon and nitrogen. Glob. Chang. Biol. 21 (2014), 1715–1726, 10.1111/gcb.12738.
Cullen, R., Warner, K.D., Jonsson, M., Wratten, S.D., Economics and adoption of conservation biological control. Biol. Control 45 (2008), 272–280, 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.01.016.
Dáder, B., Moreno, A., Viñuela, E., Fereres, A., Spatio-temporal dynamics of viruses are differentially affected by parasitoids depending on the mode of transmission. Viruses 4 (2012), 3069–3089, 10.3390/v4113069.
Dainese, M., Montecchiari, S., Sitzia, T., Sigura, M., Marini, L., High cover of hedgerows in the landscape supports multiple ecosystem services in Mediterranean cereal fields. J. Appl. Ecol. 54 (2017), 380–388, 10.1111/1365-2664.12747.
Dassou, A.G., Tixier, P., Response of pest control by generalist predators to local-scale plant diversity: a meta-analysis. Ecol. Evol. 6 (2016), 1143–1153, 10.1002/ece3.1917.
de Ponti, T., Rijk, B., van Ittersum, M.K., The crop yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture. Agric. Syst. 108 (2012), 1–9, 10.1016/j.agsy.2011.12.004.
DEFRA, UK National Action Plan for the sustainable use of pesticides (plant protection products). (WWW Document). URL https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/221034/pb13894-nap-pesticides-20130226.pdf, 2013. (Accessed 16 February 2017)
Deguine, J.-P., Gloanec, C., Laurent, P., Ratnadass, A., Aubertot, J.-N., Protection agroécologique des cultures. 2016, Quae. ed.
DeLonge, M.S., Miles, A., Carlisle, L., Investing in the transition to sustainable agriculture. Environ. Sci. Pol. 55 (2016), 266–273, 10.1016/j.envsci.2015.09.013.
Dolinska, A., d'Aquino, P., Farmers as agents in innovation systems. Empowering farmers for innovation through communities of practice. Agric. Syst. 142 (2016), 122–130, 10.1016/j.agsy.2015.11.009.
Doré, T., Makowski, D., Malézieux, E., Munier-Jolain, N., Tchamitchian, M., Tittonell, P., Facing up to the paradigm of ecological intensification in agronomy: revisiting methods, concepts and knowledge. Eur. J. Agron. 34 (2011), 197–210, 10.1016/j.eja.2011.02.006.
Dunbar, M.W., O'Neal, M.E., Gassmann, A.J., Increased risk of insect injury to corn following rye cover crop. J. Econ. Entomol. 109 (2016), 1691–1697, 10.1093/jee/tow101.
ELN-FAB, Functional Agrobiodiversity, Nature Serving Europe's Farmers. 2012, European Learning Network on Functional AgroBiodiversity (ELN-FAB), Tilburg, the Netherlands.
Fiedler, A.K., Landis, D.A., Attractiveness of Michigan native plants to arthropod natural enemies and herbivores. Environ. Entomol. 36 (2007), 751–765, 10.1093/ee/36.4.751.
Fiedler, A.K., Landis, D.A., Wratten, S.D., Maximizing ecosystem services from conservation biological control: the role of habitat management. Conserv. Biol. Control 45 (2008), 254–271, 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.12.009.
Frank, S.D., Shrewsbury, P.M., Denno, R.F., Plant versus prey resources: influence on omnivore behavior and herbivore suppression. Biol. Control 57 (2011), 229–235, 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2011.03.004.
Geertsema, W., Rossing, W.A.H., Landis, D.A., Bianchi, F.J.J.A., Van Rijn, P.C.J., Schaminée, J.H.J., Tscharntke, T., van der Werf, W., Actionable knowledge for ecological intensification of agriculture. Front. Ecol. Environ. 14 (2016), 209–216, 10.1002/fee.1258.
Gill, K.A., Cox, R., O'Neal, M.E., Quality over quantity: buffer strips can be improved with select native plant species. Environ. Entomol. 43 (2014), 298–311, 10.1603/EN13027.
Gonzáles, E., Salvo, A., Valladares, G., Arthropod communities and biological control in soybean fields: forest cover at landscape scale is more influential than forest proximity. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 239 (2017), 359–367, 10.1016/j.agee.2017.02.002.
Grettenberger, I.M., Tooker, J.F., Variety mixtures of wheat influence aphid populations and attract an aphid predator. Arthropod Plant Interact. 11 (2017), 133–146, 10.1007/s11829-016-9477-1.
Griffiths, G.J.K., Holland, J.M., Bailey, A., Thomas, M.B., Efficacy and economics of shelter habitats for conservation biological control. Biol. Control 45 (2008), 200–209, 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.09.002.
Gurr, G.M., Wratten, S.D., Luna, J.M., Multi-function agricultural biodiversity: pest management and other benefits. Basic Appl. Ecol. 4 (2003), 107–116, 10.1078/1439-1791-00122.
Gurr, G.M., Wratten, S.D., Landis, D.A., You, M.-S., Habitat management to suppress pest populations: progress and prospects. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 62 (2017), 91–109, 10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035050.
Hatt, S., Artru, S., Brédart, D., Lassois, L., Francis, F., Haubruge, E., Garré, S., Stassart, P.M., Dufrêne, M., Monty, A., Boeraeve, F., Towards sustainable food systems: the position of agroecology and how it questions current research practices (review). Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ. 20 (2016), 215–224.
Hatt, S., Lopes, T., Boeraeve, F., Chen, J., Francis, F., Pest regulation and support of natural enemies in agriculture: experimental evidence of within field wildflower strips. Ecol. Eng. 98 (2017), 240–245, 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.10.080.
Hatt, S., Uyttenbroeck, R., Lopes, T., Chen, J., Piqueray, J., Monty, A., Francis, F., Effect of flower traits and hosts on the abundance of parasitoids in perennial multiple species wildflower strips sown within oilseed rape (Brassica napus) crops. Arthropod Plant Interact., 2017 (in press) https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-017-9567-8.
Hatt, S., Uyttenbroeck, R., Lopes, T., Mouchon, P., Chen, J., Piqueray, J., Monty, A., Francis, F., Do flower mixtures with high functional diversity enhance aphid predators in wildflower strips?. Eur. J. Entomol. 114 (2017), 66–76, 10.14411/eje.2017.010.
Heap, I., Herbicide resistant weeds. Pimentel, D., Peshin, R., (eds.) Integrated Pest Management, Pesticide Problems, 2014, Springer New York, 281–301.
Hill, S.B., MacRae, R.J., Conceptual framework for the transition from conventional to sustainable agriculture. J. Sustain. Agric. 7 (1996), 81–87, 10.1300/J064v07n01_07.
Hodge, I., Hauck, J., Bonn, A., The alignment of agricultural and nature conservation policies in the European Union. Conserv. Biol. 29 (2015), 996–1005, 10.1111/cobi.12531.
Holland, J.M., Bianchi, F.J.J.A., Entling, M.H., Moonen, A.C., Smith, B.M., Jeanneret, P., Structure, function and management of semi-natural habitats for conservation biological control: a review of European studies. Pest Manag. Sci. 72 (2016), 1638–1651, 10.1002/ps.4318.
Holzschuh, A., Dudenhöffer, J.-H., Tscharntke, T., Landscapes with wild bee habitats enhance pollination, fruit set and yield of sweet cherry. Biol. Conserv. 153 (2012), 101–107, 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.04.032.
Horton, D.R., Broers, D.A., Lewis, R.R., Granatstein, D., Zack, R.S., Unruh, T.R., Moldenke, A.R., Brown, J.J., Effects of mowing frequency on densities of natural enemies in three Pacific Northwest pear orchards. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 106 (2003), 135–145, 10.1046/j.1570-7458.2003.00018.x.
Hossard, L., Guichard, L., Pelosi, C., Makowski, D., Lack of evidence for a decrease in synthetic pesticide use on the main arable crops in France. Sci. Total Environ. 575 (2017), 152–161, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.008.
Howard, P.H., Allen, P., Beyond organic and fair trade? An analysis of ecolabel preferences in the United States. Rural. Sociol. 75 (2010), 244–269, 10.1111/j.1549-0831.2009.00009.x.
Irvin, N.A., Bistline-East, A., Hoddle, M.S., The effect of an irrigated buckwheat cover crop on grape vine productivity, and beneficial insect and grape pest abundance in southern California. Biol. Control 93 (2016), 72–83, 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2015.11.009.
Isaacs, R., Tuell, J., Fiedler, A.K., Gardiner, M.M., Landis, D.A., Maximizing arthropod-mediated ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes: the role of native plants. Front. Ecol. Environ. 7 (2009), 196–203, 10.1890/080035.
Jacot, K., Eggenschwiler, L., Junge, X., Luka, H., Bosshard, A., Improved field margins for a higher biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Asp. Appl. Biol. 81 (2007), 277–283.
Jacquet, F., Butault, J.-P., Guichard, L., An economic analysis of the possibility of reducing pesticides in French field crops. Ecol. Econ. 70 (2011), 1638–1648, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.04.003.
Jonsson, M., Straub, C.S., Didham, R.K., Buckley, H.L., Case, B.S., Hale, R.J., Gratton, C., Wratten, S.D., Experimental evidence that the effectiveness of conservation biological control depends on landscape complexity. J. Appl. Ecol. 52 (2015), 1274–1282, 10.1111/1365-2664.12489.
Jonsson, M., Kaartinen, R., Straub, C.S., Relationships between natural enemy diversity and biological control. Curr. Opin. Insect Sci. 20 (2017), 1–6, 10.1016/j.cois.2017.01.001.
Josefsson, J., Berg, Å., Hiron, M., Pärt, T., Eggers, S., Grass buffer strips benefit invertebrate and breeding skylark numbers in a heterogeneous agricultural landscape. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 18 (2013), 101–107, 10.1016/j.agee.2013.09.018.
Katis, N.I., Tsitsipis, J.A., Stevens, M.H.H., Powell, G., Transmission of plant viruses. Van Emden, H.F., Harrington, R., (eds.) Aphids as Crop Pests, 2007, CABI, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 353–390.
Kremen, C., Miles, A., Ecosystem services in biologically diversified versus conventional farming systems: benefits, externalities, and trade-offs. Ecol. Soc., 17, 2012, 40, 10.5751/ES-05035-170440.
Lai, R., You, M.-S., Zhu, C., Gu, G., Lin, Z., Liao, L., Lin, L., Zhong, X., Myzus persicae and aphid-transmitted viral disease control via variety intercropping in flue-cured tobacco. Crop Prot. 100 (2017), 157–162, 10.1016/j.cropro.2017.06.021.
Lamine, C., Transition pathways towards a robust ecologization of agriculture and the need for system redesign. Cases from organic farming and IPM. J. Rural. Stud. 27 (2011), 209–219, 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2011.02.001.
Lin, C.H., McGraw, R.L., George, M.F., Garrett, H.E., Nutritive quality and morphological development under partial shade of some forage species with agroforestry potential. Agrofor. Syst. 53 (2001), 269–281, 10.1023/A:1013323409839.
Lopes, T., Bodson, B., Francis, F., Associations of wheat with pea can reduce aphid infestations. Neotrop. Entomol. 44 (2015), 286–293, 10.1007/s13744-015-0282-9.
Lopes, T., Hatt, S., Xu, Q., Chen, J., Liu, Y., Francis, F., Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-based intercropping systems for biological pest control: a review. Pest Manag. Sci. 72 (2016), 2193–2202, 10.1002/ps.4332.
Lundgren, J.G., Relationships of natural enemies and non-prey foods. Progress in Biological Control, 2009, Springer, The Netherlands.
Lundin, O., Smith, H.G., Rundlöf, M., Bommarco, R., When ecosystem services interact: crop pollination benefits depend on the level of pest control. Proc. R. Soc. B, 280, 2013, 20122243, 10.1098/rspb.2012.2243.
Macfadyen, S., Hopkinson, J., Parry, H., Neave, M.J., Bianchi, F.J.J.A., Zalucki, M.P., Schellhorn, N., Early-season movement dynamics of phytophagous pest and natural enemies across a native vegetation-crop ecotone. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 200 (2015), 110–118, 10.1016/j.agee.2014.11.012.
MacLeod, A., Wratten, S.D., Sotherton, N.W., Thomas, M.B., ‘Beetle banks’ as refuges for beneficial arthropods in farmland: long-term changes in predator communities and habitat. Agric. For. Entomol. 6 (2004), 147–154, 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2004.00215.x.
Marshall, E.J., Moonen, A., Field margins in northern Europe: their functions and interactions with agriculture. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 89 (2002), 5–21, 10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00315-2.
Martin, E.A., Seo, B., Park, C.-R., Reineking, B., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Scale-dependent effects of landscape composition and configuration on natural enemy diversity, crop herbivory, and yields. Ecol. Appl. 26 (2016), 448–462, 10.1890/15-0856.
Martínez-Uña, A., Martín, J.M., Fernández-Quintanilla, C., Dorado, J., Provisioning floral resources to attract aphidophagous hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) useful for pest management in Central Spain. J. Econ. Entomol. 106 (2013), 2327–2335, 10.1603/EC13180.
Médiène, S., Valantin-Morison, M., Sarthou, J.-P., de Tourdonnet, S., Gosme, M., Bertrand, M., Roger-Estrade, J., Aubertot, J.-N., Rusch, A., Motisi, N., Pelosi, C., Doré, T., Agroecosystem management and biotic interactions: a review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 31 (2011), 491–514, 10.1007/s13593-011-0009-1.
Meehan, T.D., Werling, B.P., Landis, D.A., Gratton, C., Agricultural landscape simplification and insecticide use in the Midwestern United States. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108 (2011), 11500–11505, 10.1073/pnas.1100751108.
Méndez, V.E., Bacon, C.M., Cohen, R., Agroecology as a transdisciplinary, participatory, and action-oriented approach. Agroecol. Sustain. Food Syst. 37 (2013), 3–18, 10.1080/10440046.2012.736926.
Morandin, L.A., Long, R.F., Kremen, C., Hedgerows enhance beneficial insects on adjacent tomato fields in an intensive agricultural landscape. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 189 (2014), 164–170, 10.1016/j.agee.2014.03.030.
Mostafalou, S., Abdollahi, M., Pesticides and human chronic diseases: evidences, mechanisms, and perspectives. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 268 (2013), 157–177, 10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.025.
Muhammad, N., Compton, S., Incoll, L.D., Akram, W., Lee, J.-J., Interaction of English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.) and their natural enemies to an agro-forestry environment. J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 8 (2005), 175–183, 10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60089-8.
Mundt, C.C., Sackett, K.E., Wallace, L.D., Landscape heterogeneity and disease spread: experimental approaches with a plant pathogen. J. R. Soc. Interface 963–972 (2007), 963–972, 10.1098/rsif.2007.1114.
Ndzana, R.A., Magro, A., Bedoussac, L., Justes, E., Journet, E.-P., Hemptinne, J.-L., Is there an associational resistance of winter pea–durum wheat intercrops towards Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris?. J. Appl. Entomol. 138 (2014), 577–585, 10.1111/jen.12119.
Nicholls, C.I., Altieri, M.A., Agroecological bases of ecological engineering for pest management. Gurr, G.M., Wratten, S.D., Altieri, M.A., (eds.) Ecological Engineering for Pest Management. Advances in Habitat Manipulation for Arthropods, 2004, CSIRO PUBLISHING, 33–54.
Nicholls, C.I., Altieri, M.A., Plant biodiversity enhances bees and other insect pollinators in agroecosystems. A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 33 (2013), 257–274, 10.1007/s13593-012-0092-y.
Nilsson, C., Impact of soil tillage on parasitoids of oilseed rape pests. Williams, I.H., (eds.) Biocontrol-based Integrated Management of Oilseed Rape Pests, 2010, Springer, The Netherlands, 305–311.
Oerke, E.C., Crop losses to pests. J. Agric. Sci. 144 (2006), 31–43, 10.1017/S0021859605005708.
Panagos, P., Borrelli, P., Meusburger, K., van der Zanden, E.H., Poesen, J., Alewell, C., Modelling the effect of support practices (P-factor) on the reduction of soil erosion by water at European scale. Environ. Sci. Pol. 51 (2015), 23–34, 10.1016/j.envsci.2015.03.012.
Perović, D.J., Gamez-Virués, S., Landis, D.A., Wäckers, F.L., Gurr, G.M., Wratten, S.D., You, M.-S., Desneux, N., Managing biological control services through multi-trophic trait interactions: review and guidelines for implementation at local and landscape scales. Biol. Rev., 2017 (in press) https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12346.
Petit, S., Boursault, A., Le Guilloux, M., Munier-Jolain, N., Reboud, X., Weeds in agricultural landscapes. A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 31 (2011), 309–317, 10.1051/agro/2010020.
Pfeiffer, A., Silva, E., Colquhoun, J., Living mulch cover crops for weed control in small-scale applications. Renewable Agric. Food Syst. 31 (2016), 309–317, 10.1017/S1742170515000253.
Pfiffner, L., Wyss, E., Use of sown wildflower strips to enhance natural enemies of agricultural pests. Gurr, G.M., Wratten, S.D., Altieri, M.A., (eds.) Ecological Engineering for Pest Management, 2004, CABI-Publishing, Collingwood, Australia, 167–188.
Plantegenest, M., Le May, C., Fabre, F., Landscape epidemiology of plant diseases. J. R. Soc. Interface 4 (2007), 963–972, 10.1098/rsif.2007.1114.
Plećaš, M., Gagić, V., Janković, M., Petrović-Obradović, O., Kavallieratos, N.G., Tomanović, Ž., Thies, C., Tscharntke, T., Ćetković, A., Landscape composition and configuration influence cereal aphid–parasitoid–hyperparasitoid interactions and biological control differentially across years. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 183 (2014), 1–10, 10.1016/j.agee.2013.10.016.
Poveda, K., Gómez, M.I., Martínez, E., Diversification practices: their effect on pest regulation and production. Rev. Colomb. Entomol. 34 (2008), 131–144.
Power, A.G., Ecosystem services and agriculture: tradeoffs and synergies. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 365 (2010), 2959–2971, 10.1098/rstb.2010.0143.
Pywell, R.F., Heard, M.S., Woodcock, B.A., Hinsley, S., Ridding, L., Nowakowski, M., Bullock, J.M., Wildlife-friendly farming increases crop yield: evidence for ecological intensification. Proc. R. Soc. B, 282, 2015, 20151740, 10.1098/rspb.2015.1740.
Ramsden, M.W., Menéndez, R., Leather, S.R., Wäckers, F., Optimizing field margins for biocontrol services: the relative role of aphid abundance, annual floral resources, and overwinter habitat in enhancing aphid natural enemies. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 199 (2015), 94–104, 10.1016/j.agee.2014.08.024.
Reason, P., Bradbury, H., Introduction: inquiry and participation in search of a world worthy of human inspiration. Reason, P., Bradbury, H., (eds.) Handbook of Action-Research, 2001, Sage Publications, London, UK, 1–13.
Reid, W., Mooney, H., Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Ecosystems and Human Well-being: General Synthesis: A Report of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2005, Island Press, Washington, DC.
Robinson, R.A., Sutherland, W.J., Post-war changes in arable farming and biodiversity in Great Britain. J. Appl. Ecol. 39 (2002), 157–176, 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00695.x.
Root, R.B., Organization of a plant-arthropod association in simple and diverse habitats: the fauna of collards (Brassica oleracea). Ecol. Monogr. 43 (1973), 95–124, 10.2307/1942161.
Rouabah, A., Villerd, J., Amiaud, B., Plantureux, S., Lasserre-Joulin, F., Response of carabid beetles diversity and size distribution to the vegetation structure within differently managed field margins. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 200 (2015), 21–32, 10.1016/j.agee.2014.10.011.
Rusch, A., Valantin-Morison, M., Sarthou, J.-P., Roger-Estrade, J., Multi-scale effects of landscape complexity and crop management on pollen beetle parasitism rate. Landsc. Ecol. 26 (2011), 473–486, 10.1007/s10980-011-9573-7.
Rusch, A., Bommarco, R., Jonsson, M., Smith, H.G., Ekbom, B., Flow and stability of natural pest control services depend on complexity and crop rotation at the landscape scale. J. Appl. Ecol. 50 (2013), 345–354, 10.1111/1365-2664.12055.
Rusch, A., Valantin-Morison, M., Sarthou, J.-P., Roger-Estrade, J., Effect of crop management and landscape context on insect pest populations and crop damage. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 166 (2013), 118–125, 10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.004.
Rusch, A., Chaplin-Kramer, R., Gardiner, M.M., Hawro, V., Holland, J.M., Landis, D.A., Thies, C., Tscharntke, T., Weisser, W.W., Winqvist, C., Woltz, M., Bommarco, R., Agricultural landscape simplification reduces natural pest control: a quantitative synthesis. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 221 (2016), 198–204, 10.1016/j.agee.2016.01.039.
Sarthou, J.-P., Badoz, A., Vaissière, B., Chevallier, A., Rusch, A., Local more than landscape parameters structure natural enemycommunities during their overwintering in semi-natural habitats. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 194 (2014), 17–28, 10.1016/j.agee.2014.04.018.
Schneider, G., Krauss, J., Riedinger, V., Holzschuh, A., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Biological pest control and yields depend on spatial and temporal crop cover dynamics. J. Appl. Ecol. 52 (2015), 1283–1292, 10.1111/1365-2664.12471.
Skelsey, P., Rossing, W.A.H., Kessel, G.J.T., van der Werf, W., Invasion of Phytophthora infestans at the landscape level: how do spatial scale and weather modulate the consequences of spatial heterogeneity in host resistance?. Phytopathology 100 (2010), 1146–1161, 10.1002/ps.4145.
Skevas, T., Stefanou, S.E., Lansink, A.O., Can economic incentives encourage actual reductions in pesticide use and environmental spillovers?. Agric. Econ. 43 (2012), 267–276, 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2012.00581.x.
Skevas, T., Oude Lansink, A.G.J.M., Stefanou, S.E., Designing the emerging EU pesticide policy: a literature review. NJAS 64–65 (2013), 95–103, 10.1016/j.njas.2012.09.001.
Soane, B.D., Ball, B.C., Arvidsson, J., Basch, G., Moreno, F., Roger-Estrade, J., No-till in northern, western and south-western Europe: a review of problems and opportunities for crop production and the environment. Soil Tillage Res. 118 (2012), 66–87, 10.1016/j.still.2011.10.015.
Souchère, V., Millair, L., Escheverria, J., Bousquet, F., Le Page, C., Etienne, M., Co-constructing with stakeholders a role-playing game to initiate collective management of erosive runoff risks at the watershed scale. Environ. Model. Softw. 25 (2010), 1359–1370, 10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.03.002.
Stallman, H.R., James, H.S. Jr., Determinants affecting farmers' willingness to cooperate to control pests. Ecol. Econ. 117 (2015), 182–192, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.07.006.
Stamps, W.T., McGraw, R.L., Godsey, L., Woods, T.L., The ecology and economics of insect pest management in nut tree alley cropping systems in the Midwestern United States. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 131 (2009), 4–8, 10.1016/j.agee.2008.06.012.
Steingröver, E.G., Geertsema, W., van Wingerden, W.K.R.E., Designing agricultural landscapes for natural pest control: a transdisciplinary approach in the Hoeksche Waard (The Netherlands). Landsc. Ecol. 25 (2010), 825–838, 10.1007/s10980-010-9489-7.
Stevens, C.J., Quinton, J.N., Bailey, A.P., Deasy, C., Silgram, M., Jackson, The effects of minimal tillage, contour cultivation and in-field vegetative barriers on soil erosion and phosphorus loss. Soil Tillage Res. 106 (2009), 145–151, 10.1016/j.still.2009.04.009.
Sutherland, L.-A., Burton, R.J.F., Ingram, J., Blackstock, K., Slee, B., Gotts, N., Triggering change: towards a conceptualisation of major change processes in farm decision-making. J. Environ. Manag. 104 (2012), 142–151, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.03.013.
Tamburini, G., De Simone, S., Sigura, M., Boscutti, F., Marini, L., Conservation tillage mitigates the negative effect of landscape simplification on biological control. J. Appl. Ecol. 53 (2016), 233–241, 10.1111/1365-2664.12544.
Thieme, T., Heimbach, U., Müller, A., Chemical control of insect pests and insecticide resistance in oilseed rape. Williams, I.H., (eds.) Biocontrol-based Integrated Management of Oilseed Rape Pests, 2010, Springer, Netherlands, 313–335.
Tilman, D., Cassman, K.G., Matson, P.A., Naylor, R., Polasky, S., Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature 418 (2002), 671–677, 10.1038/nature01014.
Tooker, J.F., Frank, S.D., Genotypically diverse cultivar mixtures for insect pest management and increased crop yields. J. Appl. Ecol. 49 (2012), 974–985, 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02173.x.
Torralba, M., Fagerholm, N., Burgess, P.J., Moreno, G., Plieninger, T., Do European agroforestry systems enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services? A meta-analysis. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 230 (2016), 150–161, 10.1016/j.agee.2016.06.002.
Tscharntke, T., Klein, A.M., Kruess, A., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Thies, C., Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity-ecosystem service management. Ecol. Lett. 8 (2005), 857–874, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00782.x.
Tscharntke, T., Tylianakis, J.M., Rand, T.A., Didham, R.K., Fahrig, L., Batáry, P., Bengtsson, J., Clough, Y., Crist, T.O., Dormann, C., Ewers, R., Fründ, J., Holt, R.D., Holzschuh, A., Klein, A., Kleijn, D., Kremen, C., Landis, D.A., Laurance, W., Lindenmayer, D., Scherber, C., Sodhi, N., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Thies, C., van der Putten, W.H., Westphal, C., Landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns and processes - eight hypotheses. Biol. Rev. 87 (2012), 661–685, 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00216.x.
Tscharntke, T., Karp, D.S., Chaplin-Kramer, R., Batáry, P., DeClerck, F., Gratton, C., Hunt, L., Ives, A.R., Jonsson, M., Larsen, A., Martin, E.A., Martínez-Salinas, A., Meehan, T.D., O'Rourke, M., Poveda, K., Rosenheim, J.A., Rusch, A., Schellhorn, N., Wanger, T.C., Wratten, S.D., Zhang, W., When natural habitat fails to enhance biological pest control – five hypotheses. Biol. Conserv. 204 (2016), 449–458, 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.10.001.
Tschumi, M., Albrecht, M., Entling, M.H., Jacot, K., High effectiveness of tailored flower strips in reducing pests and crop plant damage. Proc. R. Soc. B, 282, 2015, 20151369, 10.1098/rspb.2015.1369.
Tschumi, M., Albrecht, M., Bärtschi, C., Collatz, J., Entling, M.H., Jacot, K., Perennial, species-rich wildflower strips enhance pest control and crop yield. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 220 (2016), 97–103, 10.1016/j.agee.2016.01.001.
Tschumi, M., Albrecht, M., Collatz, J., Dubsky, V., Entling, M.H., Najar-Rodriguez, A.J., Jacot, K., Tailored flower strips promote natural enemy biodiversity and pest control in potato crops. J. Appl. Ecol. 53 (2016), 1169–1176, 10.1111/1365-2664.12653.
Uyttenbroeck, R., Hatt, S., Paul, A., Boeraeve, F., Piqueray, J., Francis, F., Danthine, S., Fréderich, M., Dufrêne, M., Bodson, B., Monty, A., Pros and cons of flowers strips for farmers: a review. Biotechnol. Agron. Soc. Environ. 20 (2016), 225–235.
Uyttenbroeck, R., Piqueray, J., Hatt, S., Mahy, G., Monty, A., Increasing plant functional diversity is not the key for supporting pollinators in wildflower strips. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 249 (2017), 144–155, 10.1016/j.agee.2017.08.014.
Vankeerberghen, A., Stassart, P.M., The transition to conservation agriculture: an insularization process towards sustainability. Int. J. Agric. Sustain. 14 (2016), 392–407, 10.1080/14735903.2016.1141561.
Vanloqueren, G., Baret, P., Why are ecological, low-input, multi-resistant wheat cultivars slow to develop commercially? A Belgian agricultural ‘lock-in’ case study. Ecol. Econ. 66 (2008), 436–446, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.10.007.
Vanloqueren, G., Baret, P.V., How agricultural research systems shape a technological regime that develops genetic engineering but locks out agroecological innovations. Res. Policy 38 (2009), 971–983, 10.1016/j.respol.2009.02.008.
Veres, A., Petit, S., Conord, C., Lavigne, C., Does landscape composition affect pest abundance and their control by natural enemies? A review. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 166 (2013), 110–117, 10.1016/j.agee.2011.05.027.
Verret, V., Gardarin, A., Pelzer, E., Médiène, S., Makowski, D., Valantin-Morison, M., Can legume companion plants control weeds without decreasing crop yield? A meta-analysis. Field Crop Res. 204 (2017), 158–168, 10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.010.
Wäckers, F., Assessing the suitability of flowering herbs as parasitoid food sources: flower attractiveness and nectar accessibility. Biol. Control 29 (2004), 307–314, 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2003.08.005.
Wäckers, F.L., Van Rijn, P.C.J., Pick and mix: selecting flowering plants to meet the requirements of target biological control insects. Gurr, G.M., Wratten, S.D., Snyder, W.E., Read, D.M.Y., (eds.) Biodiversity and Insect Pests: Key Issues for Sustainable Management, 2012, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK, 139–165.
Warner, K.D., The quality of sustainability: agroecological partnerships and the geographic branding of California winegrapes. J. Rural. Stud. 23 (2007), 142–155.
Westphal, C., Vidal, S., Horgan, F.G., Gurr, G.M., Escalada, M., Chien, H.V., Tscharntke, T., Heong, K.-L., Settele, J., Promoting multiple ecosystem services with flower strips and participatory approaches in rice production landscapes. Basic Appl. Ecol. 16 (2015), 681–689, 10.1016/j.baae.2015.10.004.
Wilkinson, D.M., Sherratt, T.N., Why is the world green? The interactions of top–down and bottom–up processes in terrestrial vegetation ecology. Plant Ecol. Divers. 9 (2016), 127–140, 10.1080/17550874.2016.1178353.
Woltz, J.M., Landis, D.A., Coccinellid response to landscape composition and configuration. Agric. For. Entomol. 16 (2014), 341–349, 10.1111/afe.12064.
Woltz, J.M., Isaacs, R., Landis, D.A., Landscape structure and habitat management differentially influence insect natural enemies in an agricultural landscape. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 152 (2012), 40–49, 10.1016/j.agee.2012.02.008.
Woodcock, B.A., Westbury, D.B., Tscheulin, T., Harrison-Cripps, J., Harris, S.J., Ramsey, A.J., Brown, V.K., Potts, S.G., Effects of seed mixture and management on beetle assemblages of arable field margins. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 125 (2008), 246–254, 10.1016/j.agee.2008.01.004.
Zehnder, G., Gurr, G.M., Kühne, S., Wade, M.R., Wratten, S.D., Wyss, E., Arthropod pest management in organic crops. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 52 (2007), 57–80, 10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091337.
Zhang, W., Ricketts, T.H., Kremen, C., Carney, K., Swinton, S.M., Ecosystem services and dis-services to agriculture. Ecol. Econ. 64 (2007), 253–260, 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.02.024.
Zhao, Z.-H., Reddy, G.V.P., Hui, C., Li, B.-L., Approaches and mechanisms for ecologically based pest management across multiple scales. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 230 (2016), 199–209, 10.1016/j.agee.2016.06.010.