Laureys S, Celesia G, Cohadon F et al (2010) Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome: a new name for the vegetative state or apallic syndrome. BMC Med 8:68
Giacino JT, Ashwal S, Childs N et al (2002) The minimally conscious state: definition and diagnostic criteria. Neurology 58(3):349–353
Bruno M-A, Majerus S, Boly M et al (2012) Functional neuroanatomy underlying the clinical subcategorization of minimally conscious state patients. J Neurol 259:1087–1098
Boly M, Faymonville M-E, Peigneux P et al (2005) Cerebral processing of auditory and noxious stimuli in severely brain injured patients: differences between VS and MCS. Neuropsychol Rehabil 15(3–4):283–289
Giacino JT, Kalmar K, Whyte J (2004) The JFK coma recovery scale-revised: measurement characteristics and diagnostic utility. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 85:2020–2029
Seel RT, Sherer M, Whyte J et al (2010) Assessment scales for disorders of consciousness: evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice and research. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 91(12):1795–1813
Schnakers C, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Giacino J et al (2009) Diagnostic accuracy of the vegetative and minimally conscious state: clinical consensus versus standardized neurobehavioral assessment. BMC Neurol 9(1):35
Bagnato S, Boccagni C, Sant’Angelo A, Fingelkurts AAA, Fingelkurts AAA, Galardi G (2016) Longitudinal assessment of clinical signs of recovery in patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome after traumatic or nontraumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 33:1–5
Estraneo A, Moretta P, Cardinale V et al (2014) A multicentre study of intentional behavioural responses measured using the coma recovery scale-revised in patients with minimally conscious state. Clin Rehabil 29(8):803–808. doi:10.1177/0269215514556002
Thonnard M, Wannez S, Keen S et al (2014) Detection of visual pursuit in patients in minimally conscious state: a matter of stimuli and visual plane? Brain Inj 28(9):1164–1170
Vanhaudenhuyse A, Schnakers C, Brédart S, Laureys S (2008) Assessment of visual pursuit in post-comatose states: use a mirror. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 79(2):223
Cruse D, Fattizzo M, Owen AM, Fernández-Espejo D (2017) Why use a mirror to assess visual pursuit in prolonged disorders of consciousness? Evidence from healthy control participants. BMC Neurol 17(1):14. doi:10.1186/s12883-017-0798-1
Monti MM, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Coleman MR et al (2010) Willful modulation of brain activity in disorders of consciousness. N Engl J Med 362(7):579–589
Cruse D, Chennu S, Chatelle C et al (2012) Relationship between etiology and covert cognition in the minimally conscious state. Neurology 78:816–822. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318249f6f0
Bekinschtein T, Coleman MR, Niklison J, Pickard JD, Manes FF (2008) Can electromyography objectively detect voluntary movement in disorders of consciousness? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 79:826–828
Stender J, Gosseries O, Bruno M-A et al (2014) Diagnostic precision of PET imaging and functional MRI in disorders of consciousness: a clinical validation study. Lancet 384(9942):514–522
Stender J, Kupers R, Rodell A et al (2014) Quantitative rates of brain glucose metabolism distinguish minimally conscious from vegetative state patients. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 35:1–8. doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2014.169
Gosseries O, Thibaut A, Boly M, Rosanova M, Massimini M, Laureys S (2014) Assessing consciousness in coma and related states using transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim. doi:10.1016/j.annfar.2013.11.002
Trojano L, Moretta P, Loreto V, Cozzolino A, Santoro L, Estraneo A (2012) Quantitative assessment of visual behavior in disorders of consciousness. J Neurol 259(9):1888–1895
Trojano L, Moretta P, Loreto V, Santoro L, Estraneo A (2013) Affective saliency modifies visual tracking behavior in disorders of consciousness: a quantitative analysis. J Neurol 260(1):306–308. doi:10.1007/s00415-012-6717-x
Hoyoux T, Wannez S, Langohr T, Wertz J, Laureys S, Verly J (2016) A new computer vision-based system to help clinicians objectively assess visual pursuit with the moving mirror stimulus for the diagnosis of minimally conscious state. In: IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV 2016)
Collobert R, Kavukcuoglu K, Farabet C (2011) Torch7: A matlab-like environment for machine learning. NIPS Work, BigLearn, pp 1–6
Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33:159–174
Demertzi A, Ledoux D, Bruno M-A et al (2011) Attitudes towards end-of-life issues in disorders of consciousness: a European survey. J Neurol 258:1058–1065
Demertzi A, Schnakers C, Ledoux D et al (2009) Different beliefs about pain perception in the vegetative and minimally conscious states: a European survey of medical and paramedical professionals. Prog Brain Res 177:329–338
Bruno M-A, Ledoux D, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Gosseries O, Thibaut A, Laureys S (2011) Pronostic des patients récupérant du coma. In: Schnakers C, Laureys S (eds) Coma et États de Conscience Altérée. Springer, Paris, pp 17–30