Request a copy

Full Text

• Delone, N. B. & Vladimir, P. K. Tunneling and barrier-suppression ionization of atoms and ions in a laser radiation field. Phys. Usp 41, 469 (1998).
• Krause, J. L., Schafer, K. J. & Kulander, K. C. Calculation of photoemission from atoms subject to intense laser fields. Phys. Rev. A 45, 4998–5010 (1992).
• Pullen, M. G. et al. Imaging an aligned polyatomic molecule with laser-induced electron diffraction. Nat. Commun. 6, 7262 (2015).
• Vampa, G. et al. Linking high harmonics from gases and solids. Nature 522, 462–464 (2015).
• Lezius, M. et al. Nonadiabatic Multielectron Dynamics in Strong Field Molecular Ionization. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 51–54 (2001).
• Keldysh, L. V. Ionization in the field of a strong electromagnetic wave. Sov. Phys. JETP 20, 1307–1314 (1965).
• DeWitt, M. J. & Levis, R. J. Calculating the Keldysh adiabaticity parameter for atomic, diatomic, and polyatomic molecules. J. Chem. Phys. 108, 7739–7742 (1998).
• Reitsma, G. et al. Femtosecond laser induced ionization and dissociation of gas-phase protonated leucine enkephalin. Int. J. Mass spectrom. 365–366, 365–371 (2014).
• Scarborough, T. D., Foote, D. B. & Uiterwaal, C. J. G. J. Ultrafast resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization in the azabenzenes: Pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine. J. Chem. Phys. 136, 054309 (2012).
• Zhao, S.-F., Le, A.-T., Jin, C., Wang, X. & Lin, C. D. Analytical model for calibrating laser intensity in strong-field-ionization experiments. Phys. Rev. A 93, 023413 (2016).
• Mignolet, B., Kùs, T. & Remacle, F. In Imaging and Manipulating Molecular Orbitals: Proceedings of the 3rd AtMol International Workshop, Berlin 24–25 September 2012 (eds Leonhard, Grill & Christian, Joachim) 41–54 (Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013).
• Leone, S. R. et al. What will it take to observe processes in ‘real time’? Nat. Photon 8, 162–166 (2014).
• Johansson, J. O., Henderson, G. G., Remacle, F. & Campbell, E. E. B. Angular-resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Superatom Orbitals of Fullerenes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 173401 (2012).
• Johansson, J. O. & Campbell, E. E. B. Probing excited electronic states and ionisation mechanisms of fullerenes. Chem. Soc. Rev. 42, 5661–5671 (2013).
• Popov, A. A. & Dunsch, L. Hindered cluster rotation and 45Sc hyperfine splitting constant in distonoid anion radical Sc3N@C80−, and spatial spin-charge separation as a general principle for anions of endohedral fullerenes with metal-localized lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 17726–17742 (2008).
• Rodriguez-Fortea, A., Balch, A. L. & Poblet, J. M. Endohedral metallofullerenes: a unique host-guest association. Chem. Soc. Rev. 40, 3551–3563 (2011).
• Gromov, A., Krawez, N., Lassesson, A., Ostrovskii, D. I. & Campbell, E. E. B. Optical properties of endohedral Li@C60. Current Applied Physics 2, 51–55 (2002).
• Lassesson, A. et al. A femtosecond laser study of the endohedral fullerenes Li@C60 and La@C82. Eur. Phys. J. D 34, 205 (2005).
• Wang, Y., Yamachika, R., Wachowiak, A., Grobis, M. & Crommie, M. F. Tuning fulleride electronic structure and molecular ordering via variable layer index. Nat. Mater. 7, 194–197 (2008).
• Melanko, J. B., Pearce, M. E. & Salem, A. K. In Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery (eds Melgardt M., de Villiers, Pornanong, Aramwit & Glen S., Kwon) 105–127 (Springer New York, 2009).
• Harneit, W. et al. Room Temperature Electrical Detection of Spin Coherence in C60. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 216601 (2007).
• Heath, J. R. et al. Lanthanum complexes of spheroidal carbon shells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107, 7779–7780 (1985).
• Corkum, P. B. Plasma perspective on strong field multiphoton ionization. Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1994–1997 (1993).
• Hart, N. A. et al. Intensity-resolved above-threshold ionization of xenon with short laser pulses. Phys. Rev. A 89, 053414 (2014).
• Chini, M., Zhao, K. & Chang, Z. The generation, characterization and applications of broadband isolated attosecond pulses. Nat. Photon 8, 178–186 (2014).
• Krausz, F. & Stockman, M. I. Attosecond metrology: from electron capture to future signal processing. Nat. Photon 8, 205–213 (2014).
• Paasch-Colberg, T. et al. Solid-state light-phase detector. Nat. Photon 8, 214–218 (2014).
• Beck, A. R., Neumark, D. M. & Leone, S. R. Probing ultrafast dynamics with attosecond transient absorption. Chem. Phys. Lett. 624, 119–130 (2015).
• Torlina, L. et al. Interpreting attoclock measurements of tunnelling times. Nat. Phys 11, 503–508 (2015).
• Ghimire, S. et al. Observation of high-order harmonic generation in a bulk crystal. Nat. Phys 7, 138–141 (2011).
• Schubert, O. et al. Sub-cycle control of terahertz high-harmonic generation by dynamical Bloch oscillations. Nat. Photon 8, 119–123 (2014).
• Ulstrup, S. et al. Ultrafast Dynamics of Massive Dirac Fermions in Bilayer Graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 257401 (2014).
• Hickstein, D. D. et al. Mapping Nanoscale Absorption of Femtosecond Laser Pulses Using Plasma Explosion Imaging. ACS Nano 8, 8810–8818 (2014).
• Strohaber, J. et al. Intensity-resolved ionization yields of aniline with femtosecond laser pulses. Phys. Rev. A 84, 063414 (2011).
• Bhardwaj, V. R., Corkum, P. B. & Rayner, D. M. Internal laser-induced dipole force at work in C60 molecule. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 203004 (2003).
• Huismans, Y. et al. Macro-atom versus many-electron effects in ultrafast ionization of C60. Phys. Rev. A 88, 013201 (2013).
• Campbell, E. E. et al. From above threshold ionization to statistical electron emission: the laser pulse-duration dependence of C60 photoelectron spectra. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2128 (2000).
• Kjellberg, M. et al. Momentum-map-imaging photoelectron spectroscopy of fullerenes with femtosecond laser pulses. Phys. Rev. A 81, 023202 (2010).
• Jaroń-Becker, A., Becker, A. & Faisal, F. H. M. Single-active-electron ionization of C60 in intense laser pulses to high charge states. J. Chem. Phys. 126, 124310 (2007).
• Shchatsinin, I. et al. C60 in intense short pulse laser fields down to 9 fs: excitation on time scales below e-e and e-phonon coupling. J. Chem. Phys. 125, 194320 (2006).
• Campbell, E. E. B., Hoffmann, K., Rottke, H. & Hertel, I. V. Sequential ionization of C60 with femtosecond laser pulses. J. Chem. Phys. 114, 1716 (2001).
• Tchaplyguine, M. H. K. et al. Ionization and fragmentation of C60 with sub-50 fs laser pulses. J. Chem. Phys. 112, 2781 (2000).
• Lebeault, M.-A. et al. Decay of C60 by delayed ionization and C2 emission: Experiment and statistical modeling of kinetic energy release. J. Chem. Phys. 137, 054312 (2012).
• Li, H. et al. Coherent Electronic Wave Packet Motion in C60 Controlled by the Waveform and Polarization of Few-Cycle Laser Fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 123004 (2015).
• Li, H. et al. Transition from SAMO to Rydberg State Ionization in C60 in Femtosecond Laser Fields. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 7, 4677–4682 (2016).
• Johansson, J. O. et al. Hot electron production and diffuse excited states in C70, C82, and Sc3N@C80 characterized by angular-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. J. Chem. Phys. 139, 084309 (2013).
• Feng, M., Zhao, J. & Petek, H. Atomlike, Hollow-Core–Bound Molecular Orbitals of C60. Science 320, 359–362 (2008).
• Mignolet, B., Johansson, J. O., Campbell, E. E. B. & Remacle, F. Probing Rapidly-Ionizing Super-Atom Molecular Orbitals in C60: A Computational and Femtosecond Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study. Chem. Phys. Chem. 14, 3332–3340 (2013).
• Campanera, J. Theoretical Characterisation of Metallofullerenes PhD thesis, Rovira i Virgili University (2004).
• Zhang, L. et al. An endohedral redox system in a fullerene cage: the Ce based mixed-metal cluster fullerene Lu2CeN@C80. PCCP 12, 7840–7847 (2010).
• Zimmerman, J. A., Eyler, J. R., Bach, S. B. H. & McElvany, S. W. “Magic number” carbon clusters: Ionization potentials and selective reactivity. J. Chem. Phys. 94, 3556–3562 (1991).
• Pešić, Z. D., Rolles, D., Dumitriu, I. & Berrah, N. Fragmentation dynamics of gas-phase furan following K-shell ionization. Phys. Rev. A 82, 013401 (2010).
• Berrah, N. et al. Femtosecond X-ray-induced fragmentation of fullerenes. J. Mod. Opt 63, 390–401 (2016).
• Hankin, S. M., Villeneuve, D. M., Corkum, P. B. & Rayner, D. M. Intense-field laser ionization rates in atoms and molecules. Phys. Rev. A 64, 013405 (2001).
• Adamo, C. & Barone, V. Toward reliable density functional methods without adjustable parameters: The PBE0 model. J. Chem. Phys. 110, 6158–6170 (1999).
• Popov, A. A., Zhang, L. & Dunsch, L. A Pseudoatom in a Cage: Trimetallofullerene Y3@C80 Mimics Y3N@C80 with Nitrogen Substituted by a Pseudoatom. ACS Nano 4, 795–802 (2010).
• Becke, A. D. Density-functional exchange-energy approximation with correct asymptotic behavior. Phys. Rev. A 38, 3098–3100 (1988).
• Iikura, H., Tsuneda, T., Yanai, T. & Hirao, K. A long-range correction scheme for generalized-gradient-approximation exchange functionals. J. Chem. Phys. 115, 3540–3544 (2001).
• Mignolet, B., Levine, R. D. & Remacle, F. Localized electron dynamics in attosecond-pulse-excited molecular systems: Probing the time-dependent electron density by sudden photoionization. Phys. Rev. A 86, 053429 (2012).
• Seabra, G. M., Kaplan, I. G., Zakrzewski, V. G. & Ortiz, J. V. Electron propagator theory calculations of molecular photoionization cross sections: The first-row hydrides. J. Chem. Phys. 121, 4143–4155 (2004).
• Melania Oana, C. & Krylov, A. I. Dyson orbitals for ionization from the ground and electronically excited states within equation-of-motion coupled-cluster formalism: Theory, implementation, and examples. J. Chem. Phys. 127, 234106 (2007).
• Patchkovskii, S., Zhao, Z., Brabec, T. & Villeneuve, D. M. High harmonic generation and molecular orbital tomography in multielectron systems. J. Chem. Phys. 126, 114306 (2007).
• Bohl, E. et al. Relative Photoionization Cross Sections of Super-Atom Molecular Orbitals (SAMOs) in C60. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 119, 11504–11508 (2015).
• Koch, M., Wolf, T. J. A. & Gühr, M. Understanding the modulation mechanism in resonance-enhanced multiphoton probing of molecular dynamics. Phys. Rev. A 91, 031403 (2015).
• Nakai, K. et al. Ab initio molecular dynamics and wavepacket dynamics of highly charged fullerene cations produced with intense near-infrared laser pulses. Chem. Phys. 338, 127–134 (2007).
• Kim, S. G. & Tománek, D. Melting the fullerenes: A molecular dynamics study. Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2418–2421 (1994).
• Ross, R. B. et al. Endohedral fullerenes for organic photovoltaic devices. Nat. Mater. 8, 208–212 (2009).
• Huang, T. et al. Superatom orbitals of Sc3N@C80 and their intermolecular hybridization on Cu(110)−(2 × 1)-O surface. Phys. Rev. B 81, 085434 (2010).