HIV exposed uninfected; Group B Streptococcus; newborn; Infant; inflammation; breast milk; HIV; pregnancy
Abstract :
[en] Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of neonatal sepsis and mortality worldwide. Studies from both developed and developing countries have shown that HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) infants are at increased risk of infectious morbidity, as compared to HIV-unexposed uninfected infants (HUU). A higher susceptibility to GBS infections has been reported in HEU infants, particularly late-onset diseases and more severe manifestations of GBS diseases. We review here the possible explanations for increased susceptibility to GBS infection. Maternal GBS colonization during pregnancy is a major risk factor for early-onset GBS invasive disease, but colonization rates are not higher in HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected pregnant women, while selective colonization with more virulent strains in HIV-infected women is suggested in some studies. Lower serotype-speci c GBS maternal antibody transfer and quantitative and qualitative defects of innate immune responses in HEU infants may play a role in the increased risk of GBS invasive disease. The impact of maternal antiretroviral treatment and its consequences on immune activation in HEU newborns are important to study. Maternal immunization presents a promising intervention to reduce GBS burden in the growing HEU population.
Research center :
CIRM - Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Médicament - ULiège
Disciplines :
Reproductive medicine (gynecology, andrology, obstetrics) Pediatrics Immunology & infectious disease
Author, co-author :
DAUBY, Nicolas; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels > Department of Infectious Diseases & Institute for Medical Immunology
CHAMEKH, Mustapha; Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB > Institute for Medical Immunology, Gosselies
MELIN, Pierrette ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège - CHU > Service de microbiologie clinique
SLOGROVE, Amy L.; Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa > Department of Paediatrics and Child Health > Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases
GOETGHEBUER, Tessa; Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB & CHU St Pierre Bruxelles > Department of Paediatrics
Language :
English
Title :
Increased Risk of Group B Streptococcus Invasive Infection in HIV-Exposed but Uninfected Infants: A Review of the Evidence and Possible Mechanisms.
Publication date :
16 November 2016
Journal title :
Frontiers in Immunology
eISSN :
1664-3224
Publisher :
Frontiers Research Foundation, Lausanne, Switzerland
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