[en] In this work, the process parameters involved in the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to obtain thin TiN films was studied and optimised. The stability of commercial TiN nanopowder in isopropyl alcohol adding a cationic polymer (polyethylenimine) as dispersant, with different molecular weights, was investigated to determine the kinetics of the deposition and to reach the most efficient EPD process. Cathodic EPD was performed over electro-polished stainless steel substrates. It was found that the provided dispersion when the PEI with the highest molecular weight was added to the suspension, leads to the best deposition behaviour for short times. New flocculation phenomena were described which affect to the sticking factor, and thus to the evolution of the EPD kinetics. As a result of the designed stabilization system, a reliable and versatile EPD method to produce well consolidated nano-TiN coatings at 1200 °C in vacuum atmosphere was described.
Disciplines :
Materials science & engineering
Author, co-author :
Mendoza Gallego, Carlos ; Spanish National Research Council > Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio - CSIC
González, Zoilo; Spanish National Research Council > Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio - CSIC
Castro, Yolanda; Spanish National Research Council > Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio - CSIC
Gordo, Elena; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid > Departamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales
Ferrari, Begoña; Spanish National Research Council > Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio - CSIC
Language :
English
Title :
Improvement of TiN nanoparticles EPD inducing steric stabilization in non-aqueous suspensions
Rtimi, S., Baghriche, O., Pulgarin, C., Sanjines, R., Kiwi, J., Design, testing and characterization of innovative TiN-TiO2 surfaces inactivating bacteria under low intensity visible light (2012) RSC Adv., 2, p. 8591
Balogun, M.-S., Qiu, W., Wang, W., Fang, P., Lu, X., Tong, Y., Recent advances in metal nitrides as high-performance electrode materials for energy storage devices (2015) J. Mater. Chem. A, 3, pp. 1364-1387. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C4TA05565A
Wei, R., Langa, E., Rincon, C., Arps, J.H., Deposition of thick nitrides and carbonitrides for sand erosion protection (2006) Surf. Coat. Technol., 201, pp. 4453-4459. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.08.091
Zhang, L., Yang, H., Pang, X., Gao, K., Volinsky, A.A., Microstructure, residual stress, and fracture of sputtered TiN films (2013) Surf. Coat. Technol., 224, pp. 120-125. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.03.009
Russias, J., Cardinal, S., Aguni, Y., Fantozzi, G., Bienvenu, K., Fontaine, J., Influence of titanium nitride addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC-based cermets (2005) Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 23, pp. 358-362. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2005.05.008
Rautray, T.R., Narayanan, R., Kim, K.H., Ion implantation of titanium based biomaterials (2011) Prog. Mater. Sci., 56, pp. 1137-1177. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2011.03.002
Fortuna, S.V., Sharkeev, Y.P., Perry, A.J., Matossian, J.N., Shulepov, I.A., Microstructural features of wear-resistant titanium nitride coatings deposited by different methods (2000) Thin Solid Films, pp. 512-517. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(00)1,438-3
Dobrzañskia, L., Golombek, K., Structure and properties of selected cemented carbides and cermets covered with TiN/(Ti,Al,Si)N/TiN coatings obtained by the cathodic arc evaporation process (2005) Mater. Res., 8, pp. 113-116. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392005000200002
Henriques, V.A.R., Cairo, C.A.A., Galvani, E.T., Development of titanium nitride coatings in titanium alloys by electron beam physical vapor deposition (2008), http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-36-0016
Burke, M., Blake, A., Povey, I.M., Schmidt, M., Petkov, N., Carolan, P., Low sheet resistance titanium nitride films by low-temperature plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition using design of experiments methodology (2014) J .Vac. Sci. Technol. Vacuum Surf. Film, 32, p. 031506
Ibrahim, M.A.M., Kooli, F., Alamri, S.N., Electrodeposition and characterization of nickel-TiN microcomposite coatings (2013) Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 8, pp. 12308-12320
Kaskel, S., Schlichte, K., Chaplais, G., Khanna, M., Synthesis and characterisation of titanium nitride based nanoparticles (2003) J. Mater. Chem., 13, p. 1496. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b209685d
Giordano, C., Antonietti, M., Synthesis of crystalline metal nitride and metal carbide nanostructures by sol-gel chemistry (2011) Nano Today, 6, pp. 366-380. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2011.06.002
Ferrari, B., Moreno, R., EPD kinetics: a review (2010) J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 30, pp. 1069-1078. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2009.08.022
Sarkar, P., Nicholson, P.S., Electrophoretic deposition (EPD): mechanisms, kinetics, and application to ceramics (1996) J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 79, pp. 1987-2002. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j
Rha, S.-K., Chou, T.P., Cao, G., Lee, Y.-S., Lee, W.-J., Characteristics of silicon oxide thin films prepared by sol electrophoretic deposition method using tetraethylorthosilicate as the precursor (2009) Curr. Appl. Phys., 9, pp. 551-555. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2008.03.023
Riahifar, R., Marzbanrad, E., Dehkordi, B.R., Zamani, C., Role of substrate potential on filling the gap between two planar parallel electrodes in electrophoretic deposition (2010) Mater. Lett., 64, pp. 559-561. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2009.11.031
Van Tassel, J.J., Randall, C.A., Ionic gradients at an electrode above the equilibrium limit current. 2. Transition to convection (2007) J. Phys. Chem. C, 111, pp. 3349-3357. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp064805q
Baldisserri, C., Gardini, D., Galassi, C., An analysis of current transients during electrophoretic deposition (EPD) from colloidal TiO2 suspensions (2010) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 347, pp. 102-111. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2010.03.034
Joung, Y.S., Buie, C.R., Electrophoretic deposition of unstable colloidal suspensions for superhydrophobic surfaces (2011) Langmuir, 27, pp. 4156-4163. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la200286t
Farrokhi-Rad, M., Ghorbani, M., Stability of titania nano-particles in different alcohols (2012) Ceram. Int., 38, pp. 3893-3900. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.01.041
Cihlar, J., Drdlik, D., Cihlarova, Z., Hadraba, H., Effect of acids and bases on electrophoretic deposition of alumina and zirconia particles in 2-propanol (2013) J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 33, pp. 1885-1892. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2013.02.017
Guo, F., Shapiro, I.P., Xiao, P., Effect of HCl on electrophoretic deposition of yttria stabilized zirconia particles in organic solvents (2011) J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 31, pp. 2505-2511. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.02.027
Xu, H., Shapiro, I.P., Xiao, P., The influence of pH on particle packing in YSZ coatings electrophoretically deposited from a non-aqueous suspension (2010) J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 30, pp. 1105-1114. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2009.07.021
Ponzoni, C., Cannio, M., Rosa, R., Leonelli, C., Stabilization of bismuth ferrite suspensions in aqueous medium with sodium polyacrylate characterized by different molecular weights (2015) Mater. Chem. Phys., pp. 246-253. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2014.10.013
Navidirad, M., Raissi, B., Riahifar, R., Yaghmaee, M.S., Kazemzadeh, A., Effect of polyethylenimine on electrophoretic deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles in alternating current electric field (2014) J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron., 25, pp. 5041-5050. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-014-2269-4
Esmaeilzadeh, J., Ghashghaie, S., Khiabani, P.S., Hosseinmardi, A., Marzbanrad, E., Raissi, B., Effect of dispersant on chain formation capability of TiO2 nanoparticles under low frequency electric fields for NO2 gas sensing applications (2014) J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 34, pp. 1201-1208. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2013.11.022
Drdlik, D., Bartonickova, E., Hadraba, H., Cihlar, J., Influence of anionic stabilization of alumina particles in 2-propanol medium on the electrophoretic deposition and mechanical properties of deposits (2014) J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 34, pp. 3365-3371. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.04.038
Zhang, H.L., Li, J., Zhou, G.H., Wang, S.W., Fabrication of aluminium nitride by electrophoretic deposition (2011) Adv. Mater. Res., 412, pp. 183-186. , http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.412.183
Verde, M., Caballero, A.C., Iglesias, Y., Villegas, M., Ferrari, B., Electrophoretic deposition of flake-shaped ZnO nanoparticles (2010) J. Electrochem. Soc., 157, p. H55. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3247343
Cabanas-Polo, S., Gonzalez, Z., Sanchez-Herencia, J., Ferrari, B., Caballero, A., Hernán, L., Cyclability of binder-free á-Ni(OH) 2 anodes shaped by EPD for Li-ion batteries (2015) J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 35, pp. 573-584. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.08.014
Besra, L., Uchikoshi, T., Suzuki, T.S., Sakka, Y., Experimental verification of pH localization mechanism of particle consolidation at the electrode/solution interface and its application to pulsed DC electrophoretic deposition (EPD) (2010) J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 30, pp. 1187-1193. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2009.07.004
Mishra, M., Sakka, Y., Uchikoshi, T., Besra, L., PH localization: a case study during electrophoretic deposition of ternary MAX phase carbide-Ti3SiC2 (2013) Nippon Seramikkusu Kyokai Gakujutsu Ronbunshi/J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn., 121, pp. 348-354. , http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj2.121.348
Dusoulier, L., Cloots, R., Vertruyen, B., Moreno, R., Burgos-Montes, O., Ferrari, B., YBa2Cu3O7-x dispersion in iodine acetone for electrophoretic deposition: surface charging mechanism in a halogenated organic media (2011) J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 31, pp. 1075-1086. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.01.008
Escribano, J.A., Ferrari, B., Alvaredo, P., Gordo, E., Sánchez-Herencia, J.A., Colloidal processing of Fe-based metalceramic composites with high content of ceramic reinforcement (2014) Boletán Soc. Espaí Cerñmica Vidr., 52, pp. 247-250. , http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/cyv.312013
Neves, R.G., Escribano, J.A., Ferrari, B., Gordo, E., Sanchez-Herencia, A.J., Improvement of Ti processing through colloidal techniques (2012) Key Eng. Mater., 520, pp. 335-340. , http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.520.335
Verde, M., Peiteado, M., Caballero, A.C., Villegas, M., Ferrari, B., Electrophoretic deposition of transparent ZnO thin films from highly stabilized colloidal suspensions (2012) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 373, pp. 27-33. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2011.09.039
Moreno, R., Ferrari, B., (2012) Electrophoretic Deposition of Nanomaterials, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9730-2, Springer
Lewis, J.A., Colloidal processing of ceramics (2000) J. Am. Ceram. Soc., pp. 2341-2359. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j
Sigmund, W.M., Bell, N.S., Bergstrom, L., Novel powder-processing methods for advanced ceramics (2000) J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 83, pp. 1557-1574. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j
Aschauer, U., Burgos-Montes, O., Moreno, R., Bowen, P., Hamaker 2: a toolkit for the calculation of particleinteractions and suspension stability and its application to mullite synthesis by colloidal methods (2011) J. Dispers. Sci Technol., 32, pp. 470-479. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932691003756738
Neves, R.G., Ferrari, B., Sanchez-Herencia, A.J., Gordo, E., Colloidal approach for the design of Ti powders sinterable at low temperature (2013) Mater. Lett., 107, pp. 75-78. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2013.05.015
Ferrari, B., Moreno, R., Electrophoretic deposition of aqueous alumina slips (1997) J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 96. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0955-2219
Sarkar, P., De, D., Rho, H., Synthesis and microstructural manipulation of ceramics by electrophoretic deposition (2004) J. Mater. Sci., 39, pp. 819-823. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JMSC
Neves, R.G., Ferrari, B., Sanchez-Herencia, A.J., Pagnoux, C., Gordo, E., Ti-Al2O3 composites processed by pressure slip casting (2014) Powder Technol., 263, pp. 81-88. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2014.04.093