Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics; Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics; Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies; Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract :
[en] The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) on board the Advanced Telescope for High-ENergy Astrophysics (Athena) will provide spatially resolved high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy from 0.2 to 12 keV, with 5 arc second pixels over a field of view of 5 arc minute equivalent diameter and a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV up to 7 keV. In this paper, we first review the core scientific objectives of Athena, driving the main performance parameters of the X-IFU, namely the spectral resolution, the field of view, the effective area, the count rate capabilities, the instrumental background. We also illustrate the breakthrough potential of the X-IFU for some observatory science goals. Then we briefly describe the X-IFU design as defined at the time of the mission consolidation review concluded in May 2016, and report on its predicted performance. Finally, we discuss some options to improve the instrument performance while not increasing its complexity and resource demands (e.g. count rate capability, spectral resolution). The X-IFU will be provided by an international consortium led by France, The Netherlands and Italy, with further ESA member state contributions from Belgium, Finland, Germany, Poland, Spain, Switzerland and two international partners from the United States and Japan.
Research Center/Unit :
STAR - Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research - ULiège
Disciplines :
Space science, astronomy & astrophysics
Author, co-author :
Barret, Didier
Trong, Thien Lam
den Herder, Jan-Willem
Piro, Luigi
Barcons, Xavier
Huovelin, Juhani
Kelley, Richard
Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel
Mitsuda, Kazuhisa
Paltani, Stéphane
Rauw, Grégor ; Université de Liège > Groupe d'astrophysique des hautes énergies (GAPHE)
Rożanska, Agata
Wilms, Joern
Barbera, Marco
Bozzo, Enrico
Ceballos, Maria Teresa
Charles, Ivan
Decourchelle, Anne
den Hartog, Roland
Duval, Jean-Marc
Fiore, Fabrizio
Gatti, Flavio
Goldwurm, Andrea
Jackson, Brian
Jonker, Peter
Kilbourne, Caroline
Macculi, Claudio
Mendez, Mariano
Molendi, Silvano
Orleanski, Piotr
Pajot, François
Pointecouteau, Etienne
Porter, Frederick
Pratt, Gabriel W.
Prêle, Damien
Ravera, Laurent
Renotte, Etienne ; Université de Liège > CSL (Centre Spatial de Liège)
Schaye, Joop
Shinozaki, Keisuke
Valenziano, Luca
Vink, Jacco
Webb, Natalie
Yamasaki, Noriko
Delcelier-Douchin, Françoise
Le Du, Michel
Mesnager, Jean-Michel
Pradines, Alice
Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella
Dadina, Mauro
Finoguenov, Alexis
Fukazawa, Yasushi
Janiuk, Agnieszka
Miller, Jon
Nazé, Yaël ; Université de Liège > Groupe d'astrophysique des hautes énergies (GAPHE)
Nicastro, Fabrizio
Sciortino, Salvatore
Torrejon, Jose Miguel
Geoffray, Hervé
Hernandez, Isabelle
Luno, Laure
Peille, Philippe
André, Jérôme
Daniel, Christophe
Etcheverry, Christophe
Gloaguen, Emilie
Hassin, Jérémie
Hervet, Gilles
Maussang, Irwin
Moueza, Jérôme
Paillet, Alexis
Vella, Bruno
Campos Garrido, Gonzalo
Damery, Jean-Charles
Panem, Chantal
Panh, Johan
Bandler, Simon
Biffi, Jean-Marc
Boyce, Kevin
Clénet, Antoine
DiPirro, Michael
Jamotton, Pierre ; Université de Liège > CSL (Centre Spatial de Liège)
Nandra, K., Barret, D., Barcons, X., Fabian, A., den Herder, J.-W., Piro, L., Watson, M., Adami, C., Aird, J., Afonso, J. M., and et al., "The Hot and Energetic Universe: A White Paper presenting the science theme motivating the Athena+ mission," ArXiv e-prints (June 2013).
Hitomi Collaboration, Aharonian, F., Akamatsu, H., Akimoto, F., Allen, S. W., Anabuki, N., Angelini, L., Arnaud, K., Audard, M., Awaki, H., Axelsson, M., Bamba, A., Bautz, M., Blandford, R., Brenneman, L., Brown, G. V., Bulbul, E., Cackett, E., Chernyakova, M., Chiao, M., Coppi, P., Costantini, E., de Plaa, J., den Herder, J.-W., Done, C., Dotani, T., Ebisawa, K., Eckart, M., Enoto, T., Ezoe, Y., Fabian, A. C., Ferrigno, C., Foster, A., Fujimoto, R., Fukazawa, Y., Furuzawa, A., Galeazzi, M., Gallo, L., Gandhi, P., Giustini, M., Goldwurm, A., Gu, L., Guainazzi, M., Haba, Y., Hagino, K., Hamaguchi, K., Harrus, I., Hatsukade, I., Hayashi, K., Hayashi, T., Hayashida, K., Hiraga, J., Hornschemeier, A., Hoshino, A., Hughes, J., Iizuka, R., Inoue, H., Inoue, Y., Ishibashi, K., Ishida, M., Ishikawa, K., Ishisaki, Y., Itoh, M., Iyomoto, N., Kaastra, J., Kallman, T., Kamae, T., Kara, E., Kataoka, J., Katsuda, S., Katsuta, J., Kawaharada, M., Kawai, N., Kelley, R., Khangulyan, D., Kilbourne, C., King, A., Kitaguchi, T., Kitamoto, S., Kitayama, T., Kohmura, T., Kokubun, M., Koyama, S., Koyama, K., Kretschmar, P., Krimm, H., Kubota, A., Kunieda, H., Laurent, P., Lebrun, F., Lee, S.-H., Leutenegger, M., Limousin, O., Loewenstein, M., Long, K. S., Lumb, D., Madejski, G., Maeda, Y., Maier, D., Makishima, K., Markevitch, M., Matsumoto, H., Matsushita, K., McCammon, D., McNamara, B., Mehdipour, M., Miller, E., Miller, J., Mineshige, S., Mitsuda, K., Mitsuishi, I., Miyazawa, T., Mizuno, T., Mori, H., Mori, K., Moseley, H., Mukai, K., Murakami, H., Murakami, T., Mushotzky, R., Nagino, R., Nakagawa, T., Nakajima, H., Nakamori, T., Nakano, T., Nakashima, S., Nakazawa, K., Nobukawa, M., Noda, H., Nomachi, M., Dell, S., Odaka, H., Ohashi, T., Ohno, M., Okajima, T., Ota, N., Ozaki, M., Paerels, F., Paltani, S., Parmar, A., Petre, R., Pinto, C., Pohl, M., Porter, F. S., Pottschmidt, K., Ramsey, B., Reynolds, C., Russell, H., Safi-Harb, S., Saito, S., Sakai, K., Sameshima, H., Sato, G., Sato, K., Sato, R., Sawada, M., Schartel, N., Serlemitsos, P., Seta, H., Shidatsu, M., Simionescu, A., Smith, R., Soong, Y., Stawarz, L., Sugawara, Y., Sugita, S., Szymkowiak, A., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Takeda, S., Takei, Y., Tamagawa, T., Tamura, K., Tamura, T., Tanaka, T., Tanaka, Y., Tanaka, Y., Tashiro, M., Tawara, Y., Terada, Y., Terashima, Y., Tombesi, F., Tomida, H., Tsuboi, Y., Tsujimoto, M., Tsunemi, H., Tsuru, T., Uchida, H., Uchiyama, H., Uchiyama, Y., Ueda, S., Ueda, Y., Ueno, S., Uno, S., Urry, M., Ursino, E., de Vries, C., Watanabe, S., Werner, N., Wik, D., Wilkins, D., Williams, B., Yamada, S., Yamaguchi, H., Yamaoka, K., Yamasaki, N. Y., Yamauchi, M., Yamauchi, S., Yaqoob, T., Yatsu, Y., Yonetoku, D., Yoshida, A., Yuasa, T., Zhuravleva, I., and Zoghbi, A., "The quiescent intracluster medium in the core of the Perseus cluster," Nature 535, 117-121 (July 2016).
Bertschinger, E., "Simulations of Structure Formation in the Universe," ARAA 36, 599-654 (1998).
Planelles, S., Schleicher, D. R. G., and Bykov, A. M., "Large-Scale Structure Formation: From the First Non-linear Objects to Massive Galaxy Clusters," Space Science Reviews 188, 93-139 (May 2015).
Vogelsberger, M., Genel, S., Springel, V., Torrey, P., Sijacki, D., Xu, D., Snyder, G., Nelson, D., and Hernquist, L., "Introducing the Illustris Project: simulating the coevolution of dark and visible matter in the Universe," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 444, 1518-1547 (Oct. 2014).
Markevitch, M. and Vikhlinin, A., "Shocks and cold fronts in galaxy clusters," Phys Rep 443, 1-53 (May 2007).
McCarthy, I. G., Bower, R. G., Balogh, M. L., Voit, G. M., Pearce, F. R., Theuns, T., Babul, A., Lacey, C. G., and Frenk, C. S., "Modelling shock heating in cluster mergers - I. Moving beyond the spherical accretion model," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 376, 497-522 (Apr. 2007).
Nagai, D., Lau, E. T., Avestruz, C., Nelson, K., and Rudd, D. H., "Predicting Merger-induced Gas Motions in ΔCDM Galaxy Clusters," The Astrophysical Journal 777, 137 (Nov. 2013).
Lau, E. T., Nagai, D., and Nelson, K., "Weighing Galaxy Clusters with Gas. I. On the Methods of Computing Hydrostatic Mass Bias," The Astrophysical Journal 777, 151 (Nov. 2013).
Schekochihin, A. A. and Cowley, S. C., [Turbulence and Magnetic Fields in Astrophysical Plasmas], 85, Springer (2007).
Churazov, E., Vikhlinin, A., Zhuravleva, I., Schekochihin, A., Parrish, I., Sunyaev, R., Forman, W., Böhringer, H., and Randall, S., "X-ray surface brightness and gas density uctuations in the Coma cluster," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 421, 1123-1135 (Apr. 2012).
Zhuravleva, I., Churazov, E., Schekochihin, A. A., Allen, S. W., Arévalo, P., Fabian, A. C., Forman, W. R., Sanders, J. S., Simionescu, A., Sunyaev, R., Vikhlinin, A., and Werner, N., "Turbulent heating in galaxy clusters brightest in X-rays," Nature 515, 85-87 (Oct. 2014).
Khatri, R. and Gaspari, M., "Thermal SZ uctuations in the ICM: probing turbulence and thermodynamics in Coma cluster with Planck," ArXiv e-prints (Apr. 2016).
Sanders, J. S. and Fabian, A. C., "Velocity width measurements of the coolest X-ray emitting material in the cores of clusters, groups and elliptical galaxies," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 429, 2727-2738 (Mar. 2013).
Pinto, C., Sanders, J. S., Werner, N., de Plaa, J., Fabian, A. C., Zhang, Y.-Y., Kaastra, J. S., Finoguenov, A., and Ahoranta, J., "Chemical Enrichment RGS cluster Sample (CHEERS): Constraints on turbulence," Astronomy and Astrophysics 575, A38 (Mar. 2015).
Mitsuda, K., Kelley, R. L., Akamatsu, H., Bialas, T., Boyce, K. R., Brown, G. V., Canavan, E., Chiao, M., Costantini, E., den Herder, J.-W., de Vries, C., Di Pirro, M. J., Eckart, M. E., Ezoe, Y., Fujimoto, R., Haas, D., Hoshino, A., Ishikawa, K., Ishisaki, Y., Iyomoto, N., Kilbourne, C. A., Kimball, M., Kitamoto, S., Konami, S., Leutenegger, M. A., McCammon, D., Miko, J., Mitsuishi, I., Murakami, H., Murakami, M., Noda, H., Ogawa, M., Ohashi, T., Okamoto, A., Ota, N., Paltani, S., Porter, F. S., Sato, K., Sato, Y., Sawada, M., Seta, H., Shinozaki, K., Shirron, P. J., Sneiderman, G. A., Sugita, H., Szymkowiak, A., Takei, Y., Tamagawa, T., Tashiro, M. S., Terada, Y., Tsujimoto, M., Yamada, S., and Yamasaki, N. Y., "Soft X-ray spectrometer (SXS): the high-resolution cryogenic spectrometer onboard ASTRO-H," in [Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray], Proc. SPIE 9144, 91442A (July 2014).
Takahashi, T., Mitsuda, K., Kelley, R., Aharonian, F., Akamatsu, H., Akimoto, F., Allen, S., Anabuki, N., Angelini, L., Arnaud, K., and et al., "The ASTRO-H X-ray astronomy satellite," in [Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray], Proc. SPIE 9144, 914425 (July 2014).
Molendi, S., Eckert, D., De Grandi, S., Ettori, S., Gastaldello, F., Ghizzardi, S., Pratt, G. W., and Rossetti, M., "A critical assessment of the metal content of the intracluster medium," Astronomy and Astrophysics 586, A32 (Feb. 2016).
Mitchell, R. J., Culhane, J. L., Davison, P. J. N., and Ives, J. C., "Ariel 5 observations of the X-ray spectrum of the Perseus Cluster," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 175, 29P-34P (May 1976).
Rasia, E., Borgani, S., Murante, G., Planelles, S., Beck, A. M., Biffi, V., Ragone-Figueroa, C., Granato, G. L., Steinborn, L. K., and Dolag, K., "Cool Core Clusters from Cosmological Simulations," ApJL 813, L17 (Nov. 2015).
Kirkpatrick, C. C., McNamara, B. R., and Cavagnolo, K. W., "Anisotropic Metal-enriched Outows Driven by Active Galactic Nuclei in Clusters of Galaxies," The Astrophysical Journal 731, L23 (Apr. 2011).
Strickland, D. K. and Stevens, I. R., "Starburst-driven galactic winds - I. Energetics and intrinsic X-ray emission," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 314, 511-545 (May 2000).
Schindler, S. and Diaferio, A., "Metal Enrichment Processes," Space Sci Rev 134, 363-377 (Feb. 2008).
Gal-Yam, A., Maoz, D., Guhathakurta, P., and Filippenko, A. V., "A Population of Intergalactic Super-novae in Galaxy Clusters," AJ 125, 1087-1094 (Mar. 2003).
Boehringer, H., Voges, W., Fabian, A. C., Edge, A. C., and Neumann, D. M., "A ROSAT HRI study of the interaction of the X-ray-emitting gas and radio lobes of NGC 1275," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 264, L25-L28 (Oct. 1993).
McNamara, B. R., Nulsen, P. E. J., Wise, M. W., Rafferty, D. A., Carilli, C., Sarazin, C. L., and Blanton, E. L., "The heating of gas in a galaxy cluster by X-ray cavities and large-scale shock fronts," Nature 433, 45-47 (Jan. 2005).
Cen, R. and Ostriker, J. P., "Where Are the Baryons? II. Feedback Effects," The Astrophysical Journal 650, 560-572 (Oct. 2006).
Heger, A. and Woosley, S. E., "Nucleosynthesis and Evolution of Massive Metal-free Stars," The Astro-physical Journal 724, 341-373 (Nov. 2010).
Jonker, P., O'Brien, P., Amati, L., Atteia, J.-L., Campana, S., Evans, P., Fender, R., Kouveliotou, C., Lodato, G., Osborne, J., Piro, L., Rau, A., Tanvir, N., and Willingale, R., "The Hot and Energetic Universe: Luminous extragalactic transients," ArXiv e-prints (June 2013).
Kormendy, J. and Richstone, D., "Inward Bound|The Search For Supermassive Black Holes In Galactic Nuclei," ARAA 33, 581 (1995).
Magorrian, J., Tremaine, S., Richstone, D., Bender, R., Bower, G., Dressler, A., Faber, S. M., Gebhardt, K., Green, R., Grillmair, C., Kormendy, J., and Lauer, T., "The Demography of Massive Dark Objects in Galaxy Centers," AJ 115, 2285-2305 (June 1998).
Chartas, G., Brandt, W. N., Gallagher, S. C., and Garmire, G. P., "CHANDRA Detects Relativistic Broad Absorption Lines from APM 08279+5255," The Astrophysical Journal 579, 169-175 (Nov. 2002).
Pounds, K. A., Reeves, J. N., King, A. R., Page, K. L., O'Brien, P. T., and Turner, M. J. L., "A high-velocity ionized outow and XUV photosphere in the narrow emission line quasar PG1211+143," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 345, 705-713 (Nov. 2003).
Tombesi, F., Cappi, M., Reeves, J. N., Palumbo, G. G. C., Yaqoob, T., Braito, V., and Dadina, M., "Evidence for ultra-fast outows in radio-quiet AGNs. I. Detection and statistical incidence of Fe K-shell absorption lines," Astronomy and Astrophysics 521, A57 (Oct. 2010).
Tombesi, F., Sambruna, R. M., Reeves, J. N., Braito, V., Ballo, L., Gofford, J., Cappi, M., and Mushotzky, R. F., "Discovery of Ultra-fast Outows in a Sample of Broad-line Radio Galaxies Observed with Suzaku," The Astrophysical Journal 719, 700-715 (Aug. 2010).
Tombesi, F., Meléndez, M., Veilleux, S., Reeves, J. N., González-Alfonso, E., and Reynolds, C. S., "Wind from the black-hole accretion disk driving a molecular outow in an active galaxy," Nature 519, 436-438 (Mar. 2015).
King, A. and Pounds, K., "Powerful Outows and Feedback from Active Galactic Nuclei," ARAA 53, 115-154 (Aug. 2015).
Boyle, B. J., Shanks, T., and Peterson, B. A., "The evolution of optically selected QSOs. II," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 235, 935-948 (Dec. 1988).
Madau, P., Ferguson, H. C., Dickinson, M. E., Giavalisco, M., Steidel, C. C., and Fruchter, A., "High-redshift galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field: colour selection and star formation history to z∼4," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 283, 1388-1404 (Dec. 1996).
Brandt, W. N. and Hasinger, G., "Deep Extragalactic X-Ray Surveys," ARAA 43, 827-859 (Sept. 2005).
Cappi, M., Done, C., Behar, E., Bianchi, S., Braito, V., Costantini, E., Dadina, M., Feruglio, C., Fiore, F., Gallagher, S., Gandhi, P., Grosso, N., Kaastra, J., King, A., Lobban, A., Maiolino, R., Piconcelli, E., Ponti, G., Porquet, D., Pounds, K., Proga, D., Ranalli, P., Reeves, J., Risaliti, G., Rodriguez Hidalgo, P., Rovilos, E., Sim, S., Stewart, G., Tombesi, F., Tsuru, T. G., Vaughan, S., Wang, D., and Worrall, D., "The Hot and Energetic Universe: Astrophysics of feedback in local AGN," ArXiv e-prints (June 2013).
Proga, D. and Kallman, T. R., "Dynamics of Line-driven Disk Winds in Active Galactic Nuclei. II. Effects of Disk Radiation," The Astrophysical Journal 616, 688-695 (Dec. 2004).
Sim, S. A., Miller, L., Long, K. S., Turner, T. J., and Reeves, J. N., "Multidimensional modelling of X-ray spectra for AGN accretion disc outows - II," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 404, 1369-1384 (May 2010).
King, A. R., "Black hole outows," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 402, 1516-1522 (Mar. 2010).
Fukumura, K., Kazanas, D., Contopoulos, I., and Behar, E., "Magnetohydrodynamic Accretion Disk Winds as X-ray Absorbers in Active Galactic Nuclei," The Astrophysical Journal 715, 636-650 (May 2010).
Chartas, G., Brandt, W. N., and Gallagher, S. C., "XMM-Newton Reveals the Quasar Outow in PG 1115+080," The Astrophysical Journal 595, 85-93 (Sept. 2003).
Chartas, G., Eracleous, M., Dai, X., Agol, E., and Gallagher, S., "Discovery of Probable Relativistic Fe Emission and Absorption in the Cloverleaf Quasar H 1413+117," The Astrophysical Journal 661, 678-692 (June 2007).
Lanzuisi, G., Giustini, M., Cappi, M., Dadina, M., Malaguti, G., Vignali, C., and Chartas, G., "HS 1700+6416: the first high-redshift unlensed narrow absorption line-QSO showing variable high-velocity outows," Astronomy and Astrophysics 544, A2 (Aug. 2012).
Vignali, C., Iwasawa, K., Comastri, A., Gilli, R., Lanzuisi, G., Ranalli, P., Cappelluti, N., Mainieri, V., Georgantopoulos, I., Carrera, F. J., Fritz, J., Brusa, M., Brandt, W. N., Bauer, F. E., Fiore, F., and Tombesi, F., "The XMM deep survey in the CDF-S. IX. An X-ray outow in a luminous obscured quasar at z 1:6," Astronomy and Astrophysics 583, A141 (Nov. 2015).
Georgakakis, A., Carrera, F., Lanzuisi, G., Brightman, M., Buchner, J., Aird, J., Page, M., Cappi, M., Afonso, J., Alonso-Herrero, A., Ballo, L., Barcons, X., Ceballos, M. T., Comastri, A., Georgantopoulos, I., Mateos, S., Nandra, K., Rosario, D., Salvato, M., Schawinski, K., Severgnini, P., and Vignali, C., "The Hot and Energetic Universe: Understanding the build-up of supermassive black holes and galaxies at the heyday of the Universe," ArXiv e-prints (June 2013).
Berti, E. and Volonteri, M., "Cosmological Black Hole Spin Evolution by Mergers and Accretion," The Astrophysical Journal 684, 822-828 (Sept. 2008).
Fabian, A. C., Iwasawa, K., Reynolds, C. S., and Young, A. J., "Broad Iron Lines in Active Galactic Nuclei," PASP 112, 1145-1161 (Sept. 2000).
Nandra, K., O'Neill, P. M., George, I. M., and Reeves, J. N., "An XMM-Newton survey of broad iron lines in Seyfert galaxies," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 382, 194-228 (Nov. 2007).
de La Calle Pérez, I., Longinotti, A. L., Guainazzi, M., Bianchi, S., Dovčiak, M., Cappi, M., Matt, G., Miniutti, G., Petrucci, P. O., Piconcelli, E., Ponti, G., Porquet, D., and Santos-Lleó, M., "FERO: Finding extreme relativistic objects. I. Statistics of relativistic Fe Kα lines in radio-quiet Type 1 AGN," Astronomy and Astrophysics 524, A50 (Dec. 2010).
Reynolds, C. S., "Measuring Black Hole Spin Using X-Ray Reection Spectroscopy," Space. Sci. Rev. 183, 277-294 (Sept. 2014).
Brenneman, L., "Measuring Supermassive Black Hole Spins in AGN," Acta Polytechnica 53, 652 (2013).
Risaliti, G., Harrison, F. A., Madsen, K. K., Walton, D. J., Boggs, S. E., Christensen, F. E., Craig, W. W., Grefenstette, B. W., Hailey, C. J., Nardini, E., Stern, D., and Zhang, W. W., "A rapidly spinning supermassive black hole at the centre of NGC 1365," Nature 494, 449-451 (Feb. 2013).
Walton, D. J., Nardini, E., Fabian, A. C., Gallo, L. C., and Reis, R. C., "Suzaku observations of bare' active galactic nuclei," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 428, 2901-2920 (Feb. 2013).
Yaqoob, T. and Padmanabhan, U., "The Cores of the Fe K Lines in Seyfert 1 Galaxies Observed by the Chandra High Energy Grating," The Astrophysical Journal 604, 63-73 (Mar. 2004).
Dovčiak, M., Bianchi, S., Guainazzi, M., Karas, V., and Matt, G., "Relativistic spectral features from X-ray-illuminated spots and the measure of the black hole mass in active galactic nuclei," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 350, 745-755 (May 2004).
Armitage, P. J. and Reynolds, C. S., "The variability of accretion on to Schwarzschild black holes from turbulent magnetized discs," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 341, 1041-1050 (May 2003).
Iwasawa, K., Miniutti, G., and Fabian, A. C., "Flux and energy modulation of redshifted iron emission in NGC 3516: implications for the black hole mass," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 355, 1073-1079 (Dec. 2004).
de Marco, B., Iwasawa, K., Cappi, M., Dadina, M., Tombesi, F., Ponti, G., Celotti, A., and Miniutti, G., "Probing variability patterns of the Fe K line complex in bright nearby AGNs," Astronomy and Astrophysics 507, 159-169 (Nov. 2009).
Remillard, R. A. and McClintock, J. E., "X-Ray Properties of Black-Hole Binaries," ARAA 44, 49-92 (Sept. 2006).
Dunn, R. J. H., Fender, R. P., Körding, E. G., Belloni, T., and Cabanac, C., "A global spectral study of black hole X-ray binaries," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 403, 61-82 (Mar. 2010).
Reynolds, M. T. and Miller, J. M., "A Swift Survey of Accretion onto Stellar-mass Black Holes," The Astrophysical Journal 769, 16 (May 2013).
Miller, J. M., Raymond, J., Fabian, A. C., Gallo, E., Kaastra, J., Kallman, T., King, A. L., Proga, D., Reynolds, C. S., and Zoghbi, A., "The Accretion Disk Wind in the Black Hole GRS 1915+105," ApJL 821, L9 (Apr. 2016).
Shakura, N. I. and Sunyaev, R. A., "Black holes in binary systems. Observational appearance.," Astronomy and Astrophysics 24, 337-355 (1973).
Blandford, R. D. and Payne, D. G., "Hydromagnetic ows from accretion discs and the production of radio jets," Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 199, 883-903 (June 1982).
Balbus, S. A. and Hawley, J. F., "A powerful local shear instability in weakly magnetized disks. I - Linear analysis. II - Nonlinear evolution," The Astrophysical Journal 376, 214-233 (July 1991).
Fragile, P. C. and Blaes, O. M., "Epicyclic Motions and Standing Shocks in Numerically Simulated Tilted Black Hole Accretion Disks," The Astrophysical Journal 687, 757-766 (Nov. 2008).
Livio, M., Pringle, J. E., and King, A. R., "The Disk-Jet Connection in Microquasars and Active Galactic Nuclei," The Astrophysical Journal 593, 184-188 (Aug. 2003).
Begelman, M. C., Armitage, P. J., and Reynolds, C. S., "Accretion Disk Dynamo as the Trigger for X-Ray Binary State Transitions," The Astrophysical Journal 809, 118 (Aug. 2015).
Belloni, T., Méndez, M., King, A. R., van der Klis, M., and van Paradijs, J., "A Unified Model for the Spectral Variability in GRS 1915+105," ApJL 488, L109-L112 (Oct. 1997).
Chatterjee, R., Marscher, A. P., Jorstad, S. G., Olmstead, A. R., McHardy, I. M., Aller, M. F., Aller, H. D., Lähteenmäki, A., Tornikoski, M., Hovatta, T., Marshall, K., Miller, H. R., Ryle, W. T., Chicka, B., Benker, A. J., Bottorff, M. C., Brokofsky, D., Campbell, J. S., Chonis, T. S., Gaskell, C. M., Gaynullina, E. R., Grankin, K. N., Hedrick, C. H., Ibrahimov, M. A., Klimek, E. S., Kruse, A. K., Masatoshi, S., Miller, T. R., Pan, H.-J., Petersen, E. A., Peterson, B. W., Shen, Z., Strel'nikov, D. V., Tao, J., Watkins, A. E., and Wheeler, K., "Disk-Jet Connection in the Radio Galaxy 3C 120," The Astrophysical Journal 704, 1689-1703 (Oct. 2009).
Chatterjee, R., Marscher, A. P., Jorstad, S. G., Markowitz, A., Rivers, E., Rothschild, R. E., McHardy, I. M., Aller, M. F., Aller, H. D., Lähteenmäki, A., Tornikoski, M., Harrison, B., Agudo, I., Gómez, J. L., Taylor, B. W., and Gurwell, M., "Connection Between the Accretion Disk and Jet in the Radio Galaxy 3C 111," The Astrophysical Journal 734, 43 (June 2011).
Lightman, A. P. and Eardley, D. M., "Black Holes in Binary Systems: Instability of Disk Accretion," ApJL 187, L1 (Jan. 1974).
Belloni, T., Klein-Wolt, M., Méndez, M., van der Klis, M., and van Paradijs, J., "A model-independent analysis of the variability of GRS 1915+105," Astronomy and Astrophysics 355, 271-290 (Mar. 2000).
Altamirano, D., Belloni, T., Linares, M., van der Klis, M., Wijnands, R., Curran, P. A., Kalamkar, M., Stiele, H., Motta, S., Muñoz-Darias, T., Casella, P., and Krimm, H., "The Faint "Heartbeats" of IGR J17091-3624: An Exceptional Black Hole Candidate," ApJL 742, L17 (Dec. 2011).
Janiuk, A., Grzedzielski, M., Capitanio, F., and Bianchi, S., "Interplay between heartbeat oscillations and wind outow in microquasar IGR J17091-3624," Astronomy and Astrophysics 574, A92 (Feb. 2015).
Janiuk, A. and Misra, R., "Stabilization of radiation pressure dominated accretion disks through viscous uctuations," Astronomy and Astrophysics 540, A114 (Apr. 2012).
Wang, Q. D., Nowak, M. A., Markoff, S. B., Baganoff, F. K., Nayakshin, S., Yuan, F., Cuadra, J., Davis, J., Dexter, J., Fabian, A. C., Grosso, N., Haggard, D., Houck, J., Ji, L., Li, Z., Neilsen, J., Porquet, D., Ripple, F., and Shcherbakov, R. V., "Dissecting X-ray-Emitting Gas Around the Center of Our Galaxy," Science 341, 981-983 (Aug. 2013).
Ponti, G., Morris, M. R., Terrier, R., and Goldwurm, A., "Traces of Past Activity in the Galactic Centre," in [Cosmic Rays in Star-Forming Environments], Torres, D. F. and Reimer, O., eds., Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings 34, 331 (2013).
Clavel, M., Terrier, R., Goldwurm, A., Morris, M. R., Ponti, G., Soldi, S., and Trap, G., "Echoes of multiple outbursts of Sagittarius A revealed by Chandra," Astronomy and Astrophysics 558, A32 (Oct. 2013).
Glassgold, A. E., Feigelson, E. D., and Montmerle, T., "Effects of Energetic Radiation in Young Stellar Objects," Protostars and Planets IV, 429 (May 2000).
Brickhouse, N. S., Cranmer, S. R., Dupree, A. K., Luna, G. J. M., and Wolk, S., "A Deep Chandra X-Ray Spectrum of the Accreting Young Star TW Hydrae," The Astrophysical Journal 710, 1835-1847 (Feb. 2010).
Argiroffi, C., Flaccomio, E., Bouvier, J., Donati, J.-F., Getman, K. V., Gregory, S. G., Hussain, G. A. J., Jardine, M. M., Skelly, M. B., and Walter, F. M., "Variable X-ray emission from the accretion shock in the classical T Tauri star V2129 Ophiuchi," Astronomy and Astrophysics 530, A1 (June 2011).
Giardino, G., Favata, F., Pillitteri, I., Flaccomio, E., Micela, G., and Sciortino, S., "Results from Droxo. I. The variability of uorescent Fe 6.4 keV emission in the young star Elias 29. High-energy electrons in the star's accretion tubes?," Astronomy and Astrophysics 475, 891-900 (Dec. 2007).
Osten, R. A. and Wolk, S. J., "Connecting Flares and Transient Mass-loss Events in Magnetically Active Stars," The Astrophysical Journal 809, 79 (Aug. 2015).
Sanz-Forcada, J., Micela, G., Ribas, I., Pollock, A. M. T., Eiroa, C., Velasco, A., Solano, E., and García-Álvarez, D., "Estimation of the XUV radiation onto close planets and their evaporation," Astronomy and Astrophysics 532, A6 (Aug. 2011).
Sanz-Forcada, J., Desidera, S., and Micela, G., "Effects of X-ray and extreme UV radiation on circumbinary planets," Astronomy and Astrophysics 570, A50 (Oct. 2014).
Hussain, G. A. J., Brickhouse, N. S., Dupree, A. K., Jardine, M. M., van Ballegooijen, A. A., Hoogerwerf, R., Collier Cameron, A., Donati, J.-F., and Favata, F., "Inferring Coronal Structure from X-Ray Light Curves and Doppler Shifts: A Chandra Study of AB Doradus," The Astrophysical Journal 621, 999-1008 (Mar. 2005).
Decourchelle, A., Costantini, E., Badenes, C., Ballet, J., Bamba, A., Bocchino, F., Kaastra, J., Kosenko, D., Lallement, R., Lee, J., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Miceli, M., Paerels, F., Petre, R., Pinto, C., Plucinsky, P., Renaud, M., Sasaki, M., Smith, R., Tatischeff, V., Tiengo, A., Valencic, L., Vink, J., Wang, D., and Wilms, J., "The Hot and Energetic Universe: The astrophysics of supernova remnants and the interstellar medium," ArXiv e-prints (June 2013).
Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abernathy, M. R., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., and et al., "Localization and broadband follow-up of the gravitational-wave transient GW150914," ArXiv e-prints (Feb. 2016).
Berger, E., "Short-Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts," Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 52, 43-105 (Aug. 2014).
Bozzo, E. and et al., "The Filter Wheel and Filters development for the X-IFU instruments on-board Athena," SPIE 2016, 9905-189 (June 2016) (June 2016).
den Hartog, R. and et al., "The impact of crosstalk in the X-IFU instrument on Athena science cases," SPIE 2016, These proceedings (June 2016).
Barbera, M., Argan, A., Bozzo, E., Branduardi-Raymont, G., Ciaravella, A., Collura, A., Cuttaia, F., Gatti, F., Jimenez Escobar, A., Lo Cicero, U., Lotti, S., Macculi, C., Mineo, T., Nuzzo, F., Paltani, S., Parodi, G., Piro, L., Rauw, G., Sciortino, L., Sciortino, S., and Villa, F., "Thermal Filters for the ATHENA X-IFU: Ongoing Activities Toward the Conceptual Design," Journal of Low Temperature Physics 184, 706-711 (Aug. 2016).
Sciortino, L. and et al., "Surface investigation and aluminum oxide estimation on test filters for the ATHENA X-IFU and WFI detectors," SPIE 2016, These proceedings (June 2016).
Jackson, B. and et al., "The focal plane assembly for the Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit instrument," SPIE 2016, These proceedings (June 2016).
Smith, S. and et al., "TES pixel parameter design of the microcalorimeter array for the X-ray integral field unit on Athena," SPIE 2016, These proceedings (June 2016).
Macculi, C. and et al., "The Cryogenic Anti Coincidence Detector for ATHENA X-IFU: a program overview," SPIE 2016, These proceedings (June 2016).
Lotti, S. and et al., "Updates on the background estimates for the X-IFU instrument onboard of the ATHENA mission," SPIE 2016, These proceedings (June 2016).
Charles, I. and et al., "Preliminary thermal architecture of the X-IFU instrument," SPIE 2016, These proceedings (June 2016).
Prele, D. and et al., "Gain stability with no-feedback-loop developed for the X-IFU/Athena readout chain," SPIE 2016, These proceedings (June 2016).
den Hartog, R., Barret, D., Gottardi, L., den Herder, J.-W., Jackson, B., de Korte, P., van der Kuur, J., van Leeuwen, B.-J., van Loon, D., Nieuwenhuizen, A., and Ravera, L., "Requirements for the detectors and read-out of ATHENA X-IFU," in [Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray], Proceedings of the International Society for Optical Engineering 9144, 91445Q (July 2014).
Corcione, L. and et al., "Conceptual design of the X-IFU instrument control unit on board the ESA Athena mission," SPIE 2016, These proceedings (June 2016).
Akamatsu, H. and et al., "Development of frequency domain multiplexing for the X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) on the Athena," SPIE 2016, These proceedings (June 2016).
Van der Kuur, J. and et al., "Optimising the multiplex factor of the frequency domain multiplexed readout of the TES-based microcalorimeter imaging array for the X-IFU instrument on the Athena X-ray observatory," SPIE 2016, These proceedings (June 2016).
Peille, P. and et al., "Performance assessment of different pulse reconstruction algorithms for the Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit," SPIE 2016, These proceedings (June 2016).
Wilms, J. and et al., "TESSIM: A simulator for the ATHENA X-IFU," SPIE 2016, These proceedings (June 2016).
Porter, F. S., Chiao, M. P., Eckart, M. E., Fujimoto, R., Ishisaki, Y., Kelley, R. L., Kilbourne, C. A., Leutenegger, M. A., McCammon, D., Mitsuda, K., Sawada, M., Szymkowiak, A. E., Takei, Y., Tashiro, M., Tsujimoto, M., Watanabe, T., and Yamada, S., "Temporal Gain Correction for X-ray Calorimeter Spectrometers," Journal of Low Temperature Physics 184, 498-504 (July 2016).
Cucchetti, E. and et. al., "Calibration requirements for the Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit," Experimental Astronomy.
Peille, P., "Développement d'un simulateur pour le X-ray Integral Field Unit: du signal astrophysique à la performance instrumentale," PhD Thesis, 2016.
Biasotti, M. and et al., "The new cryogenic silicon monolithic micro-bridged Anti Coincidence detector for the X-IFU of Athena," SPIE, 9905-187 (June 2016) (June 2016).
Dandrea, M. and et al., "The Cryogenic Anti-Coincidence detector for Athena X-IFU: pulse analysis of the AC-S7 single pixel prototype," SPIE, 9905-185 (June 2016) (June 2016).
Szymkowiak, A. E., Kelley, R. L., Moseley, S. H., and Stahle, C. K., "Signal processing for microcalorimeters," Journal of Low Temperature Physics 93, 281-285 (Nov. 1993).
Vries, C. and et al., "Microcalorimeter pulse analysis by means of principle component decomposition," SPIE 2016, These proceedings (June 2016).
Zhang, W., Jahoda, K., Swank, J. H., Morgan, E. H., and Giles, A. B., "Dead-Time Modifications to Fast Fourier Transform Power Spectra," The Astrophysical Journal Letters 449, 930 (Aug. 1995).
Brand, T. and et al., "Observing the WHIM with ATHENA," SPIE 2016, These proceedings (June 2016).
Smith, B. D., Hallman, E. J., Shull, J. M., and O'Shea, B. W., "The Nature of the Warm/Hot Intergalactic Medium. I. Numerical Methods, Convergence, and O VI Absorption," The Astrophysical Journal 731, 6 (Apr. 2011).
