Burkina Faso; distance sampling wildlife surveys; human impact on wildlife; mammalian longterm trends; Nazinga Game Ranch; wildlife management
Résumé :
[en] Established in the early 1970 as a participatory wildlife production area, the Nazinga Game Ranch turned into an island of conservation surrounded by cultivation.We asked ourselves how long-term ungulate trends are affected in a context of continuous human pressure. To find out, we compiled and analysed the data of yearly line-transect counts of mammals carried out since 1985. Results showed that large species such as the elephant (Loxodonta africana) and large antelopes increased or showed stable populations. In contrast, medium and small ungulates showed continuously decreasing trends. During the same period, rainfall, water availability from artificial water points and the crop encroaching outside Nazinga Game Ranch increased. After an initial significant reduction, illegal human signs increased. However, we showed that human signs were positively correlated with the abundance of large ungulates but negatively correlated with the abundance of medium and small ones. In conclusion, this study showed that some isolated mammal populations could be restored and maintained in the long term, in spite of being surrounded by highly cultivated areas.
Alves, R. R. N. (2012). Relationships between fauna and people and the role of ethnozoology in animal conservation. Ethnobiology and Conservation, 1, 1–69.
Alves, R. R. N., & Souto, W. M. S. (2015). Ethnozoology: a brief introduction. Ethnobiology and Conservation, 4, 1–13.
Bouché, Ph. (2007). Les éléphants du Ranch de Gibier de Nazinga. In: W. Delvingt & C. Vermeulen (Eds.), Nazinga. Région Wallonne, Presse Agronomique de Gembloux, Nature+, APEFE, Ministère de l’Environnement et du Cadre de Vie (Burkina Faso), Gembloux, Ouagadougou pp 259–268.
Bouché, P., & Vermeulen, V. (2013). The private sector rescues wildlife in West Africa. The example of the Konkombouri hunting area. Burkina Faso. International Union of Game Biologists.
Bouché, P., Douglas-Hamilton, I., Wittemyer, G., Nianogo, A. J., Doucet, J.-L., et al. (2011). Will elephants soon disappear from west African savannahs? PloS One, 6(6), e20619. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020619.
Buckland, S.T., Anderson, D.R., Burnham, K.P., Laake J.L. (1993). Distance sampling: estimating abundance of biological populations. Chapman and Hall, London, reprinted 1999 by RUWPA, University of St. Andrews, Scotland.
Carrascal, L.M., Seoane, J., Polo, V. (2010). A shortcut to obtain reliable estimations of detectability in extensive multispecific census programs. Theoretical and empirical demonstrations. Bird Number 2010. Monitoring, indicators and targets. 18th Conference of the European Bird Census Council (EBCC), Cáceres, Spain. http://www.lmcarrascal.eu/pdf/metcenso.pdf. Viewed 4/05/2012.
Carrillo, E., Wong, G., & Cuarón, A. D. (2000). Monitoring mammal populations in costa Rican protected areas under different hunting restrictions. Conservation Biology, 14, 1580–1591.
Clerici, N., Bodini, A., Eva, H., Grégoire, J.-M., Dulieu, D., et al. (2007). Increased isolation of two biosphere reserves and surrounding protected areas (WAP ecological complex, West Africa). Journal for Nature Conservation, 15(1), 26–40.
CNUCED (2009). Examen de la politique d’investissement. Burkina Faso. Nations Unies. New-York, Genève. Available: http://www.unctad.org/fr/docs/diaepcb20094_fr.pdf. Accessed 07 Jan 2012.
Congalton, R. (1991). A review of assessing the accuracy of classifications of remotely sensed data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 37, 35–46.
Cornélis, D. (2007). Le suivi écologique. In: Delvingt, W., Vermeulen, C. (Eds.), Nazinga. Région Wallonne, Presse Agronomique de Gembloux, Nature+, APEFE, Ministère de l’Environnement et du Cadre de Vie (Burkina Faso), Gembloux and Ouagadougou.
Dekker, A.J.F.M. (1985) Carte de paysage de la région du Ranch de Gibier de Nazinga, Burkina Faso. PNUD/FAO, DP/BKF/82/008.
Fargeot, C. (2004). La chasse commerciale et le négoce de la venaison en Afrique Centrale forestière. Game and Wildlife Science, 21(4), 817–833.
Google (2013). Google Earth 7. URL: http://www.google.com/earth/index.html. Accessed Oct 2013.
Hansen, M., & Loveland, T. (2012). A review of large area monitoring of land cover change using landsat data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 122, 66–74.
Harrington, R., Owen-Smith, N., Viljoen, P. C., Biggs, H. C., Mason, D. R., & Funston, P. (1999). Establishing the causes of the roan antelope decline in the Kruger National Park. South Africa Biological Conservation, 90(1), 78.
Hema, E. M., Barnes, R. F. W., & Guenda, W. (2010). Distribution of savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana Africana Blumenbach 1797) within Nazinga game ranch, southern Burkina Faso. African Journal of Ecology, 49(2), 141–149.
Hibert, F., Calenge, C., Fritz, H., Maillard, D., Bouché, P., et al. (2010). Spatial avoidance of invading pastoral cattle by wild ungulates: insights from using point process statistics. Biodiversity and Conservation. doi:10.1007/s10531-010-9822-0.
Institut National de la Statistique et de la Démographie (INSD) (2016). Statistiques économiques. Available: http://www.insd.bf/n/index.php/indicateurs?id=63. Accessed 20 May 2016.
Jachmann, H. (2001). Estimating abundance of African wildlife: an aid to adaptive management. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Johannesen, A. B. (2007). Protected areas, wildlife conservation, and local welfare. Ecological Economics, 62, 126–135.
Karila, K., Nevalainen, O., Krooks, A., Karjalainen, M., & Kaasalainen, S. (2014). Monitoring changes in rice cultivated area from SAR and optical satellite images in Ben Tre and Tra Vinh provinces in Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Remote Sensing, 6, 4090–4108.
Kottek, M., Grieser, J., Beck, C., Rudolf, B., & Rubel, F. (2006). World map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 15(3), 259–263.
Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33, 159–174.
Leclercq, V., & Lungren, C. (2007). Les barrages et la pêche. In: W. Delvingt & C. Vermeulen (Eds.), Nazinga. Région Wallonne, Presse Agronomique de Gembloux, Nature+, APEFE, Ministère de l’Environnement et du Cadre de Vie (Burkina Faso), Gembloux and Ouagadougou.
Marchal, A., Lejeune, P., Bouché, P., Ouédraogo, M., Sawadogo, P., et al. (2012). Status of the medium-sized ungulate populations in 2010, Nazinga game ranch, Burkina Faso (western Africa). BASE, 16(3), 307–315.
Mesquita, G. P., & Barreto, G. P. (2015). Evaluation of mammals hunting in indigenous and rural localities in eastern Brazilian Amazon. Ethnobiology and Conservation, 4, 1–14.
MSP. (2010). Meteorological station of Pô. Ouagadougou: Direction de la Météorologie du Burkina Faso.
Novella, N., & Thiaw, W. (2012). Africa rainfall climatology version2. NOAA/Climate Prediction Center. www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/fews/AFR_CLIM/afr_clim.
Ouedraogo, M. (2005). Régulation de la dynamique des populations de buffles (Syncerus caffer Sparrman) et de Waterbucks (Kobus ellipsiprymnus Ogilby) et moyens de gestion à mettre en œuvre pour préserver l’équilibre des communautés végétales dans le ranch de Nazinga (Burkina Faso). (PhD dissertation) Faculté Universitaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Gembloux, Belgium.
Owen-Smith, N. (1996). Ecological guidelines for waterpoints in extensive protected areas. South African Wildlife Research, 26(4), 107–112.
Pedroso-Júnior, N. N., & Sato, M. (2005). Ethnoecology and conservation in protected natural areas: incorporating local knowledge in Superagui national park management. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 65, 117–127.
Portier, B., Lungren, C.G. (2007). La faune et le ranching au Burkina Faso. In: W. Delvingt, C. Vermeulen (Eds.), Nazinga. Région Wallonne, Presse Agronomique de Gembloux, Nature+, APEFE, Ministère de l’Environnement et du Cadre de Vie (Burkina Faso), Gembloux and Ouagadougou. pp 33–44.
Premauer, J. M., & Berkes, F. (2015). A pluralistic approach to protected area governance: indigenous peoples and Makuira National Park, Colombia. Ethnobiology and Conservation, 4, 1–16.
Redfern, J.V. (2002). Manipulating surface water availability to manage herbivore distributions in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. PhD Thesis. UCLA Berkeley.
Thomas, L., Buckland, S. T., Rexstad, E. A., Laake, J. L., Strindberg, S., et al. (2010). Distance software: design and analysis of distance sampling surveys for estimating population size. Journal of Applied Ecology, 47, 5–14. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01737.x.
USGS. (2011). Landsat product type descriptions [online] URL: http://landsat.usgs.gov/descriptions_for_the_levels_of_processing.php. Accessed June 2014.
Vermeulen, C. (2004). La gestion participative de la faune sauvage au Burkina Faso: les expériences du ranch de Nazinga et du Parc du W. Game and Wildlife Science, 21(3), 313–326.
Vermeulen, C, Michaux, J.-F. (2007). Les populations riveraines du Ranch de Nazinga: anthropologie politique, aménagement des terroirs et zones villageoises de chasse. In: W. Delvingt & C. Vermeulen (Eds.), Nazinga. Région Wallonne, Presse Agronomique de Gembloux, Nature+, APEFE, Ministère de l’Environnement et du Cadre de Vie (Burkina Faso), Gembloux and Ouagadougou.
White, F. (1983). The vegetation of Africa. A descriptive memoir to accompany the Unesco/AETFAT/UNSO vegetation map of Africa. Paris: UNESCO 352p.
