Between bovine milk production and reproduction : the challenge.

Huge differences in dairy milk production can be observed around the world. They can be explained by differences in genetic, nutritional resources and management including the capacities of the farmers and veterinarian to prevent and treat the different pathologies inducing of the wellbeing of the animals. According to the world market of milk production, the challenge of each farm is not only to produce a milk of quality but also to reduce the costs of milk production by improving reproductive performances. Anywhere in the world we are responsible to encourage and develop a sustainable approach of milk production and agriculture development according to his three pillars: environment, economic and social.
Our presentation will present (1) the mains figures about the milk production in the world, (2) the definitions and prevalences of the different periods involved in the reproductive life of a cow, (3) the nutritional, genetic and pathological factors involved in the milk production on general and more specifically in reproduction (dystocia, placental retention, uterine infections, postpartum anoestrus), the relationships between these factors, (‘) the state of art of the definition, methods of diagnostic state of art of the main reproduction pathologies (dystocia,) affecting the dairy cows during the waiting and reproduction periods.