[en] The sheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegatus has become a favoured model for laboratory studies because of their small size, rapid development, and tolerance of laboratory conditions. Here, we analyse sheepshead minnow post-embryonic development with the goal of providing a generally useful method for staging fish after embryogenesis. Groups of three females and two males were placed in breeding chambers designed for this experiment. More than 100 eggs were collected and maintained in seawater. Embryos were selected under a dissection microscope and placed in incubation dishes (50 per dish) at 26 °C. On day six, embryos hatched and larvae were transferred to 1 L beakers. To define a simplified normalization table for sheepshead minnow development, we measured each fish for its standard length and examined the fish for four externally evident traits: pigmentation pattern, caudal fin morphology, anal fin morphology, and dorsal fin morphology. The four traits were chosen, because they are easily visualized with standard laboratory equipment such as the stereomicroscope and camera. We have provided criteria for staging sheepshead minnows in studies of post-embryonic development. Our data suggest that dorsal and anal fin morphology may serve as a useful phenotype for defining metamorphic climax stages throughout post-embryonic development in C. variegatus. The staging systems we propose should facilitate detailed anatomical and developmental analyses in relation to ecotoxicological studies on potential disruption of the thyroid axis by xenobiotics and endocrine-disrupting compounds.
Research Center/Unit :
MARE - Centre Interfacultaire de Recherches en Océanologie - ULiège
scite shows how a scientific paper has been cited by providing the context of the citation, a classification describing whether it supports, mentions, or contrasts the cited claim, and a label indicating in which section the citation was made.
Bibliography
Bouzaffour M, Rampon C, Ramaugé M, Courtin F, Vriz S (2010) Implication of type 3 deiodinase induction in zebrafish fin regeneration. Gen Com Endocrinol 168:88–94
Brown DD (1997) The role of thyroid hormone in zebrafish and axolotl development. Pro Natl Acad of Sci U S A 94:13011–13016
Chang WJ, Hwang PP (2011) Development of zebrafish epidermis. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today 93:205–214
Chang J, Wang M, Gui W, Zhao Y, Yu L, Zhu G (2012) Changes in thyroid hormone levels during zebrafish development. Zool Sci 29: 181–184
Crane HM, Pickford DB, Hutchinson TH, Brown JA (2004) Developmental changes of thyroid hormones in the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. General and Comparative Endocrinology 139:55–60
Cripe GM, Hemmer BL, Goodman LR, Vennari JC (2009) Development of a methodology for successful multigeneration life-cycle testing of the estuarine sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 56:500–508
de Jesus EGT, Hirano T (1992) Changes in whole body concentrations of cortisol, thyroid hormones, and sex steroids during early development of the chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta. Gen Comp Endocrinol 85:55–61
Dye FJ (2012) Dictionary of developmental biology and embryology. John Wiley & Sons Inc, Hoboken
EPA (2002) Methods for measuring the acute toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater and marine organisms. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington
Heitmuller PT, Hollister TA, Parrish PR (1981) Acute toxicity of 54 industrial chemicals to sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 27:596–604
Hemmer MJ, Hemmer BL, Bowman CJ, Kroll KJ, Folmar LC, Marcovich D, Hoglund MD, Denslow ND (2001) Effects of p-nonylphenol, methoxychlor, and endosulfan on vitellogenin induction and expression in sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus). Environ Toxicol Chem 20:336–343
Hopwood N (2007) A history of normal plates, tables and stages in vertebrate embryology. Int J of Dev Biol 51:1–26
Infante C, Manchado M, Asensio E, Canavate JP (2007) Molecular characterization, gene expression and dependence on thyroid hormones of two type I keratin genes (sseKer1 and sseKer2) in the flatfish Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup). BMC Dev Biol 7:118
Jarque S, Piña B (2014) Deiodinases and thyroid metabolism disruption in teleost fish. Environ Res 135:361–375
Jegstrup I, Rosenkilde P (2003) Regulation of post‐larval development in the European eel: thyroid hormone level, progress of pigmentation and changes in behaviour. J Fish Biol 63:168–175
Johns SM, Kane MD, Denslow ND, Watanabe KH, Orlando EF, Villeneuve DL, Ankley GT, Sepulveda MS (2009) Characterization of ontogenetic changes in gene expression in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Environ Toxicol Chem 28:873–880
Kawakami Y, Tanda M, Adachi S, Yamauchi K (2003) Characterization of thyroid hormone receptor α and β in the metamorphosing Japanese conger eel, Conger myriaster. Gen and Comp Endocrinol 132:321–332
Kawakami Y, Nozaki J, Seoka M, Kumai H, Ohta H (2008) Characterization of thyroid hormones and thyroid hormone receptors during the early development of Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis). Gen Comp Endocrinol 155:597–606
Kelsh RN, Parichy DM (2008) Pigmentation. In: Finn RN, Kapoor BG (eds) Fish Larval Physiology. Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, pp. 27–49
Kimmel CB, Ballard WW, Kimmel SR, Ullmann B, Schilling TF (1995) Stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish. Developmental dynamics 203:253–310
Klaren PHM, Wunderink YS, Yufera M, Mancera JM, Flik G (2008) The thyroid gland and thyroid hormones in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) during early development and metamorphosis. Gen Compa Endocrinol 155:686–694
Kuntz A (1917) Notes on the embryology and larval development of five species of teleostean Fishes. Fish Bull Fish and Wildl Serv 34:409–429
Marí‐Beffa M, Murciano C (2010) Dermoskeleton morphogenesis in zebrafish fins. Dev Dyn 239:2779–2794
McMenamin SK, Parichy DM (2013) Metamorphosis in teleosts. Curr Top Dev Biol 103:127–165
Mettee MF, Beckham MC (1978) Notes on the breeding behavior, embryology and larval development of Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède in aquaria. Tulane Stud Zool Botany 20:137–148
OECD (2013) OECD Guidelines for testing of chemicals: Fish, Early-life Stage Toxicity Test. OECD Publishing, Paris
Olson OP, Watabe N (1980) Studies on formation and resorption of fish scales. Cell Tissue Res 211:303–316
Power DM, Llewellyn L, Faustino M, Nowell MA, Björnsson BT, Einarsdottir IE, Canario AVM, Sweeney GE (2001) Thyroid hormones in growth and development of fish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 130:447–459
Quigley IK, Parichy DM (2002) Pigment pattern formation in zebrafish: a model for developmental genetics and the evolution of form. Microsc Res Tech 58:442–455
Raimondo S, Hemmer BL, Goodman LR, Cripe GM (2009) Multigenerational exposure of the estuarine sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) to 17β-estradiol. II. population-level effects through two life cycles. Environ Toxicol Chem 28:2409–2415
Rakers S, Gebert M, Uppalapati S, Meyer W, Maderson P, Sell AF, Kruse C, Paus R (2010) ‘Fish matters’: the relevance of fish skin biology to investigative dermatology. Exp Dermatol 19:313–324
Schnitzler J, Klaren PM, Mariavelle E, Das K (2016) The thyroid gland and thyroid hormones in sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) during early development and metamorphosis. Fish Physiol Biochem 42:607–616
Shiao J-C, Wu S-M, Hwang Y-P, Wu D-P, Hwang P-P (2008) Evaluation of thyroid-mediated otolith growth of larval and juvenile tilapia. J Exp Biol 211:1919–1926
Sims K, Eble DM, Iovine MK (2009) Connexin43 regulates joint location in zebrafish fins. Dev Biol 327:410–418
Szisch V, Papandroulakis N, Fanouraki E, Pavlidis M (2005) Ontogeny of the thyroid hormones and cortisol in the gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata. Gen Comp Endocrinol 142:186–192
Yamano K (2005) The role of thyroid hormone in fish development with reference to aquaculture. JARQ 39:161–168
Yoo JH, Takeuchi T, Seikai T (2000) Sensitivity of the metamorphic events and morphogenesis of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus during larval development to thyroxine. Fish Science 66:846–850
Similar publications
Sorry the service is unavailable at the moment. Please try again later.
This website uses cookies to improve user experience. Read more
Save & Close
Accept all
Decline all
Show detailsHide details
Cookie declaration
About cookies
Strictly necessary
Performance
Strictly necessary cookies allow core website functionality such as user login and account management. The website cannot be used properly without strictly necessary cookies.
This cookie is used by Cookie-Script.com service to remember visitor cookie consent preferences. It is necessary for Cookie-Script.com cookie banner to work properly.
Performance cookies are used to see how visitors use the website, eg. analytics cookies. Those cookies cannot be used to directly identify a certain visitor.
Used to store the attribution information, the referrer initially used to visit the website
Cookies are small text files that are placed on your computer by websites that you visit. Websites use cookies to help users navigate efficiently and perform certain functions. Cookies that are required for the website to operate properly are allowed to be set without your permission. All other cookies need to be approved before they can be set in the browser.
You can change your consent to cookie usage at any time on our Privacy Policy page.