From Metabolomics Study of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) to the Development of New Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Inhibitors (PDK)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the elderly population of industrialized countries. This blindness results from the deterioration of the macula, a small part of the retina specialized for the high-acuity vision. Exudative AMD, called “wet”, is characterized by the formation of new blood vessels growing under the retina according to a process named choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Currently, the aetiology and pathogenesis of AMD remain unclear. Nevertheless, a recent metabolomics study performed on the serum of “wet” AMD patients and on a CNV murine model, that mimics the effect of “wet” AMD, have demonstrated that lactate level is clearly involved in the severity of the pathology as well as the relationship between lactate, CNV and AMD.

According to this result, we suggest a new therapeutic approach of AMD based on the normalization of blood lactate level. The modulation of the lactate plasma concentration by treatment of the animals with synthetic compounds and more specifically Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase (PDK) inhibitors significantly decrease the CNV. PDK and its four isoforms (PDK1-4) regulate the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH), a mitochondrial enzyme that plays a major role in the metabolic pathway of glucose, by reversible phosphorylation. Starting from these results, development of new PDK inhibitors could open the way to innovative treatment opportunities in AMD disease. Different analogues of (R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide (fig.1) have been already synthetized and pharmacological evaluation is currently in progress. According to the results obtained, various pharmacomodulations will be investigated