[en] This study was conducted to characterize local chickens in the northwest of Algeria based on some phenotypic traits and to look at prediction of body weight from morphometric measurements (linear body). The results indicated that the predominant comb colour was dark red (77.8%), followed by light red (22.2%). Tarsus colour was either white (40.9%), grey (31%), yellow (15.39%), dark (8.05%), or green (4.51%). Most chickens (81.7%) had orange eyes, while 10.37 and 7.92% had yellow and dark-brown eyes, respectively. The dominant earlobe colour was white (73.96%), followed by red (16.81%). The remaining proportion included yellow and red-mottled yellow and black earlobes. Proportions of the adaptive genes were low. Incidences of Na, F, Pti, Cr, R, and P genes were 8.82, 0.45, 1.22, 5.54, 3.35, and 4.7%, respectively. The calculated gene frequencies ranged from 0.002 to 0.045. Variations were also found in quantitative morphological traits. Sex-associated differences (P<0.001) were observed in almost all the parameters evaluated with higher values recorded for males. Phenotypic correlations of body weight and biometric traits ranged from −0.13 to 0.88 and −0.15 to 0.97 for males and females, respectively. From the factor analysis with varimax rotation of the intercorrelated traits, three principal components which accounted for 71.6 and 73.2% of the total variance were extracted in males and females, respectively. Orthogonal body shape characters derived from the factor analysis accounted for 84.3 and 94.2% of the variation in body weight of males and females, respectively. Information obtained from this study could be useful in an appropriate management, breeding programmes for selection and utilization of Algerian chicken genetic resources.
Disciplines :
Animal production & animal husbandry
Author, co-author :
Dalhoum, L.
Moula, Nassim ; Université de Liège > Scientifiques attachés au Doyen (F MV)
Halbouche, M.
Mignon-Grasteau, S.
Language :
English
Title :
Phenotypic characterization of the indigenous chickens (Gallus gallus) in the northwest of Algeria
Abdelqader, A., Wollny, C.B.A., Gauly, M., On-farm investigation of local chicken biodiversity and performance potentials in rural areas of Jordan (2008) Anim. Genet. Resour. Inform., 43, pp. 49-58
Ajayi, F.O., Ejiofor, O., Ironke, M.O., Estimation of body weight from linear body measurements in two commercial meattype chickens (2008) Global J. Agricult. Sci., 7, pp. 57-59
Ajayi, O.O., Yakubu, A., Jayeola, O.O., Imumorin, I.G., Takeet, M.I., Ozoje, M.O., Ikeobi, C.O.N., Peters, S.O., Multivariate analysis of sexual size dimorphism in local turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Nigeria (2011) Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 44, pp. 1089-1095
Ajayi, O.O., Adeleke, M.A., Sanni, M.T., Yakubu, A., Peters, S.O., Imumorin, I.G., Ozoje, M.O., Adebambo, O.A., Application of principal component and discriminant analyses to morpho-structural indices of indigenous and exotic chickens raised under intensive management system (2012) Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 44, pp. 1247-1254
Assan, N., Bio prediction of body weight and carcass parameters from morphometric measurements in livestock and poultry (2013) Sci. J. Review, 6, pp. 140-150
Buckland, R.B., Wilcox, F.H., Shaffner, C.S., Influence of homozygosity for rose comb on fumarase, aconitase, isocitric dehydrogenase and malic dehydrogenase activity in spermatozoa of the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) (1969) J. Reprod. Fertil., 18, pp. 89-95
Bulgarella, M., Wilson, R.E., Kopuchian, C., Valqui, T.H., McCracken, K.G., Elevational variation in body size of crested ducks (Lophonetta specularioides) from the central high Andes, Mendoza, and Patagonia (2007) Ornitol. Neotrop., 18, pp. 587-602
Crawford, R.D., Origin and history of poultry species (1990) Poultry Breeding and Genetics, , Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Desta, T.T., Dessie, T., Bettridge, J., Lynch, S.E., Melese, K., Collins, M., Christley, R.M., Hanotte, O., Signature of artificial selection and ecological landscape on morphological structures of Ethiopian village chickens (2013) Animal Genetic Resources, 52, pp. 17-29
Egahi, J.O., Dim, N.I., Momoh, O.M., Gwaza, D.S., Variations in qualitative traits in the Nigerian local chicken (2010) Int. J. Poult. Sci., 9, pp. 978-979
Egena, S.S.A., Ijaiya, A.T., Kolawole, R., An assessment of the relationship between body weight and body measurements of indigenous Nigeria chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) using path coefficient analysis (2014) Livest. Res. Rural Dev., 26. , http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd26/3/egen26051.htm, last access: April 2015
El-Safty, S.A., Determination of some quantitative and qualitative traits in Libyan native fowls (2012) Egypt. Poult. Sci., 32, pp. 247-258
Eskindir, A., Kefelegn, K., Tadelle, D., Banerjee, A.K., Phenotypic characterization of indigenous chicken population in Ethiopia (2013) Int. J. Interdisc. Multidisc. Stud., 1, pp. 24-32
Fajemilehin, S.O.K., Frequencies of different phenotypes and body parameters of mature indigenous chicken in deciduous rainforest of Nigeria (2011) Niger. J. Anim. Prod., 38, pp. 4-13
FAO, Phenotypic characterization of animal genetic resources (2012) FAO Animal Production and Health Guidelines, 11. , Rome
Faruque, S., Siddiquee, N.U., Afroz, M.A., Islam, M.S., Phenotypic characterization of native chicken reared under intensive management system (2010) J. Bangladesh. Agri. Univ., 8, pp. 79-82
Fayeye, T.R., Ayorinde, K.L., Ojo, V., Adesina, O.M., Frequency and influence of some major genes on body weight and body size parameters of Nigerian local chickens (2006) Livest. Res. Rural Dev., 18. , http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd18/3/faye18037.htm, last access: April 2015
Getu, A., Birhan, M., Chicken production systems, performance and associated constraints in North Gondar Zone, Ethiopia (2014) British J. Poultry Sci., 3, pp. 27-35
Guni, F.S., Katule, A.M., Mwakilembe, P.A.A., Characterization of local chickens in selected districts of the Southern Highlands of Tanzania: II. Production and Morphometric traits (2013) Livest. Res. Rural Dev., 25. , http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd25/11/guni25190.htm, last access: April 2015
Haaren-Kiso, A., Horst, P., Zarate, A.V., Direct and indirect effects of the frizzle gene (F) on the productive adaptability of laying hens (1995) Animal Res. Dev., 42, pp. 98-114
Halbouche, M., Dahloum, L., Mouats, A., Didi, M., Benabdelmoumene, D., Dahmouni, Z., Sélection d'une souche avicole locale thermotolérante en Algérie, Programme et résultats préliminaires (2012) Eur. J. Sci. Res., 71, pp. 569-580
Hassaballah, K., Zeuh, V., Sembene, M., Phenotypic diversity of local chickens (Gallus domesticus) in three ecological zones of Chad (2014) Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant Biol., 1, pp. 1-8
Hume, T., Backyard chicken husbandry - Part 1 (2011) Companion Animal., 16, pp. 43-46
Ikeobi, C.O.N., Ozoje, M.O., Adebambo, O.A., Adenowo, J.A., Frequencies of Feet Feathering and Comb Type Genes in the Nigerian Local Chicken (2001) Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci., 24, pp. 147-150
Iqbal, S., Pampori, Z.A., Production potential and qualitative traits of indigenous chicken of Kashmir (2008) Livest. Res. Rural Dev., 20. , http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd20/11/iqba20182.htm, last access: April 2015
Jesuyon, O.M.A., Salako, A.E., Variability and predictability of productive and body traits of Fulani ecotype chicken (2013) Afr. J. Agric. Res., 8, pp. 6178-6184
Kaiser, H.F., An index of factorial simplicity (1974) Psychometrika, 39, pp. 31-36
Latshaw, J.D., Bishop, B.L., Estimating body weight and body composition of chickens by using non invasive measurements (2001) Poult. Sci., 80, pp. 868-873
Lerner, I.M., Shank length as a criterion of inherent size (1937) Poult. Sci., 16, pp. 213-215
Liyanage, R.P., Dematawewa, C.M.B., Silva, G.L.L.P., Comparative study on morphological and morphometric features of village chicken in Sri Lanka (2015) Trop. Agric. Res., 26, pp. 261-273
Mahammi, F.Z., Gaouar, S.B.S., Tabet-Aoul, N., Tixier-Boichard, M., Saïdi-Mehtar, N., Caractéristiques morpho-biométriques et systèmes d'élevage des poules locales en Algérie occidentale (Oranie) (2014) Cah. Agric., 23, pp. 382-392
Mahammi, F.Z., Gaouar, S.B.S., Laloë, D., Faugeras, R., Tabet-Aoul, N., Rognon, X., Tixier-Boichard, M., Saidi-Mehtar, N., A molecular analysis of the patterns of genetic diversity in local chickens from western Algeria in comparison with commercial lines and wild jungle fowls (2016) J. Anim. Breed. Genet, 133, pp. 59-70
Mathur, P.K., Horst, P., Efficiency of warm stall tests for selection on tropical productivity in layers (1988) Proceedings of the World's Poultry Congress, pp. 383-385. , Nagoya, Japan, 4-9 September 1988
Mbap, S.T., (1985) The Performance of Local, Exotic and Hybrid Cattle at Ibadan and Vom in Nigeria, , PhD thesis, University of Ibadan, Ibadan
Mendes, M., Multiple regression models based on principal component scores to predict slaughter weight of broiler (2009) Arch. Geflügelk., 73, pp. 139-144
Mendes, M., Multivariate multiple regression analysis based on principal component scores to study relationship between some pre- and post-slaughter traits of broilers (2011) J. Agri. Sci (Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi.), 17, pp. 77-83
Moula, N., Antoine-Moussiaux, N., Farnir, F., Detilleux, J., Leroy, P., Réhabilitation socio-économique d'une poule locale en voie d'extinction: La poule Kabyle (Thayazit lekvayel) (2009) Annales de Médecine Vétérinaire, 153, pp. 178-186
Moula, N., Farnir, F., Salhi, A., Iguerouada, M., Leroy, P., Antoine-Moussiaux, N., Backyard poultry in Kabylie (Algeria): From an indigenous chicken to a local poultry breed? (2012) Animal Genetic Resources, 50, pp. 87-96
Moula, N., Luc, D.D., Dang, P.K., Farnir, F., Ton, V.D., Binh, D.V., Leroy, P., Antoine-Moussiaux, N., The RI chicken breed and livehoods in North Vietnam: Characterization and prospects (2011) J. Agr. Rural Develop. Trop. Subtrop., 112, pp. 57-69
Momoh, O.M., Kershima, D.E., Linear body measurements as predictors of body weight in Nigerian local chickens (2008) ASSET: An International Journal (Series A), 8, pp. 206-212
Mtilleni, M.F.C., Maiwashe, A., Chimonyo, M., Dzama, K., Conservation and utilization of indigenous chicken genetic resources in Southern Africa (2012) World Poultry. Sci. J., 68, pp. 727-747
Muchadeyi, F.C., Wollny, C.B.A., Eding, H., Weigend, S., Makuza, M., Simianer, H., Variation in village chicken production systems among agro-ecological zones of Zimbabwe (2007) Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 39, pp. 453-461
Navara, K.J., Anderson, E.M., Edwards, M.L., Comb size and colour relate to sperm quality: A test of the phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis (2012) J. Behavioural Ecology., 23, pp. 1036-1041
Nesheim, M.C., Austic, R.E., Card, L.E., (1979) Poultry Production, Lea and Febiger, pp. 58-92. , 12th Edn., Philadelphia
Ogah, D.M., Assessing size and conformation of the body of Nigerian indigenous Turkey (2011) Slovak J. Anim. Sci., 44, pp. 21-27
Osewa, G.A., (2003) Inheritance of Thermoregulatory Frizzled Feather and Naked Neck, pp. 25-30. , B. Agric, Thesis, Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
R Development Core Team.:, (2011) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical, , http://www.R-project.org, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria
Roxas, N.P., Villanueva, E.M., Lambio, A.L., Protein and isoenzyme polymorphisms in Philippine native chickens (1996) Philipp. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 22, pp. 43-58
Semakula, J., Lusembo, P., Kugonza, D.R., Mutetikka, D., Ssennyonjo, J., Mwesigwa, M., Estimation of live body weight using zoometrical measurements for improved marketing of indigenous chicken in the Lake Victoria basin of Uganda (2011) Livest. Res. Rural Dev., 23. , http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd23/8/sema23170.htm, last access: December 2015
Shahin, K.A., Hassan, H.S., Sources of shared variability among body shape characters at marketing age in New Zealand White and Egyptian rabbit breeds (2000) Ann. Zootech., 49, pp. 435-445
Shoffner, R.N., Otis, J.S., Garwood, V.A., Association of dominant marker traits and metric traits in chickens (1993) Poult. Sci., 72, pp. 1405-1410
Sola-Ojo, F.E., Toye, A.A., Ayorinde, K.L., Incidence and frequencies of adaptative genes in intensively raised Fulani ecotype chickens (2011) Afr. J. Gen. Agric., 7, pp. 163-168
Sonaiya, E.B., African network on Rural Poultry Development (1997) Proceedings ANRPD Workshop, pp. 134-143. , Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Progress Report, November 1989 to June 1995
Sørensen, P., Chicken genetic resources used in smallholder production systems and opportunities for their development (2010) FAO Smallholder Poultry Production, , Rome
(2001) SPSS: Statistical Package for Social Sciences, , SPSS Inc, 444 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL60611
Udeh, I., Ogbu, C.I., Principal component analysis of body measurements in three strains of broiler chicken (2011) ScienceWorld Journal, 6, pp. 11-14
Wright, D., Boije, H., Meadows, J.R., Bed'Hom, B., Gourichon, D., Vieaud, A., Tixier-Boichard, M., Andersson, L., Copy number variation in intron 1 of SOX5 causes the Pea-comb phenotype in chickens (2009) PLoS Genet., 5, p. e1000512
Yakubu, A., Indigenous chicken flocks of Nasarawa state, Nigeria: Their characteristics, husbandry and productivity (2010) Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 12, pp. 69-76
Yakubu, A., Kuje, D., Okpeku, M., Principal components as measures of size and shape in Nigerian indigenous chickens (2009) Thai J. Agric. Sci., 42, pp. 167-176